From materials science to integrated circuit development, much of modern technology is moving from the microscale toward the nanoscale. This book focuses on the fundamental physics underlying innovative techniques for analyzing surfaces and near-surfaces. New analytical techniques have emerged to meet these technological requirements, all based on a few processes that govern the interactions of particles and radiation with matter. This book addresses the fundamentals and application of these processes, from thin films to field effect transistors.
Here is the first book to discuss the current understanding of silver metallization and its potential as a future interconnect material for integrated circuit technology. With the lowest resistivity of all metals, silver is an attractive interconnect material for higher current densities and faster switching speeds in integrated circuits. Over the past ten years, extensive research has been conducted to address the issues that have prevented silver from being used as an interconnect metal. The authors provide details on a wide range of experimental, characterization, and analysis techniques. The book is written for students, scientists, engineers, and technologists in the fields of integrated circuits and microelectronics research and development.
An educated, aristocratic slave, Abd Rahman Ibrahima was overseer of the large cotton and tobacco plantation of his master. After more than twenty-five years, when he was finally freed, sixty-six-year-old Ibrahima sailed for Africa with his wife, two sons, and several grandchildren, and died there of fever just five months after his arrival. Prince Among Slaves is the first full account of Ibrahima's life, pieced together from first-person accounts and historical documents. It is not only a remarkable story, but the story of a remarkable man, who endured the humiliation of slavery without ever losing his dignity or his hope for freedom.
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