This monograph is devoted to the issue of psychological and pedagogical factors, which affect the quality of professional activity of scientific and pedagogical workers of higher educational institutions in the modern context of social advancement. It describes a psychological and pedagogical model of ensuring the quality of professional activity of scientific and pedagogical workers and its psychological and pedagogical components, a methodology for their determination and assessment of development. It is addressed to specialists in the field of psychology, pedagogy and related disciplines, students, postgraduates, doctoral students, and the community of educators.