Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) have received global attention by the authorities as well as the industries using or producing CPs. In late 2017, a group of short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and replacement CPs were found in both Norwegian and Swedish mothers’ milk and, later, in mothers’ milk from over 50 countries across the world. his project focused on a comprehensive understanding of body burden and multiple human exposure pathways to both legacy CPs and current-use CPs in a Norwegian cohort. The cohort provided a rare opportunity to explore human exposure to CPs compared to the other consumer chemical contaminants. Combining both internal and external information, it was studied how much and to what extent people are exposed to the chemicals via different pathways, and what the differences are between the legacy CPs and the current CPs in human exposure and accumulation.
Passages, Second Edition, is a thoroughly revised edition of Passages, the successful two-level, multi-skills course that takes adult and young-adult learners of English from the high-intermediate to advanced level. The Interchange Third Edition/Passages Second Edition Placement and Evaluation Package contains three versions of a placement test designed to help teachers determine the level of Interchange Third Edition or Passages Second Edition best suited to their students. The Package also contains two versions of midterm and final tests for each level of Interchange and Passages, which assess students' mastery of materials introduced in both series. The package is composed of a photocopiable testing book and two Audio CDs and includes all answer keys and scripts, as well as complete guidelines on how to administer the tests.
The clinical examination of common surgical conditions has been paramount in accurate diagnosis and management. This book provides a framework for candidates preparing for the short case clinical component of the surgical examination. It can be used as a companion to other surgical textbooks and a guide for medical students and surgical residents in preparation for clinical work.It includes detailed description of clinical examination steps and techniques, proper presentation of cases, as well as tips and lessons gained from past surgical examinations. The questions and answers in this book are designed according to the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) format. They are divided into simple and advanced questions according to difficulty intended at the undergraduate, post-graduate and exit level.The book will be helpful in developing a structure to prepare for the surgical clinical examinations, viva and the OSCE. The illustrations and algorithms included will help the reader grasp concepts of the surgical topic easily and aid the candidate in passing the surgical examinations with confidence.
This thesis focuses on the growth of a new type of two-dimensional (2D) material known as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). It also presents several significant breakthroughs in the authors’ understanding of the growth mechanism and development of new growth techniques, which are now well known in the field. Of particular importance is the pioneering work showing experimental proof that 2D crystals of h-BN can indeed be hexagonal in shape. This came as a major surprise to many working in the 2D field, as it had been generally assumed that hexagonal-shaped h-BN was impossible due to energy dynamics. Beyond growth, the thesis also reports on synthesis techniques that are geared toward commercial applications. Large-area aligned growth and up to an eightfold reduction in the cost of h-BN production are demonstrated. At present, all other 2D materials generally use h-BN as their dielectric layer and for encapsulation. As such, this thesis lays the cornerstone for using CVD 2D h-BN for this purpose.
This book describes the tools, developed by the author, for perturbing endogenous mechano-sensitive ion channels for magneto-mechanical neuro-modulation. He explores the ways in which these tools compare against existing ones such as electricity, chemicals, optogenetics, and techniques like thermos/magneto-genetics. The author also reports on two platforms—magnetic ratcheting and magnetic microfluidics for directed evolution and high throughput culture of magnetotactic bacteria—that produce high quality magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications like neural stimulations. This thesis was submitted to and approved by the University of California, Los Angeles.
This book is written with practising gynecologists and resident doctors-in-training in mind.Hysterectomy is one of the most common major surgeries among women. This book uniquely emphasizes a patient-centered approach to the subject, encompassing the indications for hysterectomy, patient autonomy, and the role of gynecologists in ensuring a safe experience of the patient's journey in the procedure.The chapters comprehensively cover the principles and practice of surgery based on anatomy, physiology and pathology. Surgical procedures are described in detail, illustrated with clear colorful photographs.The content of the book also details the need, merits and demerits of each procedure, followed by the stepwise careful approach to avoid complications.
Converting sludge into construction materials is deemed to be a sustainable approach to alleviating sludge disposal problems and conserving natural resources.This compendium presents the state-of-the-art development in recycling sludge into construction materials. A research-based development of engineering products made from sludge for common construction applications such as bricks, aggregates and cement-replacement materials is outlined. In-depth discussions on the properties of the products and their processing technology, the technical suitability for construction applications, and experimental study and assessment of toxic or hazardous chemicals leached from the products are prominently highlighted. Challenges and prospect of sludge recycling are also included.Contributed by eminent authors who are recognized authority in the field of sludge treatment and reuse, the unique monograph is a useful reference guide for professionals, researchers, academics and graduate students majoring in waste management, environmental engineering, civil engineering and materials engineering.
This series provides an ideal platform to study chess openings. By continually challenging the reader to answer probing questions throughout the book, the Move by Move format greatly encourages the learning and practising of vital skills just as much as the traditional assimilation of opening knowledge. Carefully selected questions and answers are designed to keep you actively involved and allow you to monitor your progress as you learn. This is an excellent way to study any chess opening and at the same time improve your general chess skills and knowledge. The Benko Gambit is a popular choice for those who like to seize the initiative as Black. For the price of a pawn, Black gets tremendous queenside pressure and puts White on the defensive early in the game. Players are attracted by the fact that Black's plans are so clear cut, while White is often reduced to simply dealing with Black's threats. In this book, Benko expert Junior Tay invites you to join him in studying his favourite opening. He examines the main plans for both sides, provides a repertoire for Black and answers all the key questions.
Microbial granules have practical importance in anaerobic and aerobic biological wastewater treatment. Advantages of granules are retention of biomass in reactor, diversity of microorganisms, complex structure, and resistance to unfavorable conditions. Microbial granules can be used to treat municipal and industrial wastewater for removal of organic matter, xenobiotics, nutrients, and heavy metals. The book covers almost all aspects of formation and use of microbial granules in wastewater treatment. The data on aerobic microbial granulation are related mostly to laboratory systems due to few pilot systems in the world using aerobic microbial granules. However, by the analogy with anaerobic granulation, which is now used worldwide, it is possible to predict wide applications of aerobic granulation. This book will help researchers and engineers develop these new biotechnologies of wastewater treatment based on aerobic granulation. - Covers all aspects of formation, organization, and use of microbial granules in wastewater treatment - Integrates engineering, microbiology, and biotechnology of microbial granules - Comprises of deep fundamental data as well as practical information for applications of microbial granules in wastewater treatment
This book highlights the rapidly emerging field of solution-processed halide perovskite lasers. These amazing materials not only possess exceptional photovoltaic properties, but are also outstanding optical gain media. Halide perovskites are the latest member of solution-processed optical gain media, joining organics and traditional semiconductor colloidal quantum dots. Amplified spontaneous emission and lasing have been demonstrated in various halide perovskite configurations and nanostructures with wavelengths tunable over the visible and infrared wavelengths (400–1000 nm). This book provides comprehensive information on perovskite lasing, starting with some fundamentals of lasers and their basic operating principles. Unambiguous methods for identifying lasing light emission are presented, while the basic optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials are also discussed, with an emphasis on their photophysics, using ultrafast optical spectroscopy techniques. The viability of perovskites as a gain media within a suitable resonator, as well as the characterization methods for optical gain, are highlighted. The book closes with a discussion on the remaining challenges (such as electrical driven lasing and material stabilities) that need to be tackled, and the future of this new family of lasers.
Laser has been used in dermatology for over four decades. The concept of selective photothermolysis has transformed our understanding of laser tissue interactions, and there has been an explosive interest in laser treatment for both skin diseases and aest
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