This volume addresses profound issues in international economics, with contributions from leading researchers on the implications of trade. Empirical studies address preferential trading arrangements, global imbalances and exchange rates, facilitating an understanding of how the economy functions and enabling detailed policy evaluation.
Although the first electroorganic reaction used in organic synthesis is probably the famous Kolbe electrolysis published in 1849, no other remarkable reactions have been found until the reductive dimerization of acrylonitrile to adipo nitrile was developed by Dr. M. M. Baizer of Monsanto Co. in 1964. Since then, the electro organic chemistry has been studied extensively with the expectation that it is a new useful tool for finding novel reactions in organic synthesis. The purpose of this book is not to give a comprehensive survey of studies on electrochemical reactions of organic compounds but to show that the electro organic chemistry is indeed useful in organic synthesis. Thus, this book has been written under the following policies. (1) Since this monograph is mainly concerned with organic synthesis, only few studies carried out from the view point of electrochemical, theoretical, or analytical chemistry are mentioned. (2) Since electroorganic chemistry covers a great variety of reactions, the types of reactions described in this book are selected mainly with regard to their application in organic synthesis. Simple transformations of functional groups are only described in particular cases, and also some well established processes such as the Kolbe electrolysis, pinacolic coupling, and hydrodimerization are only briefly mentioned. (3) Since many reports have already been published for each type of these reactions, only a limited number of the relevant papers are cited in this book.
This thesis presents various characteristics of 122-type iron pnictide (FeSC) such as crystal and electronic structure, carrier-doping effect, and impurity-scattering effect, using transport, magnetization, specific heat, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and optical spectral measurements. Most notably the measurement on the magnetic fluctuation in the material successfully explains already known unusual electronic properties, i.e., superconducting gap symmetry, anisotropy of in-plane resistivity in layered structure, and charge dynamics; and comparing them with those of normal phase, the controversial problems in FeSCs are eventually settled. The thesis provides broad coverage of the physics of FeSCs both in the normal and superconducting phase, and readers therefore benefit from the efficient up-to-date study of FeSCs in this thesis. An additional attraction is the detailed description of the experimental result critical for the controversial problems remaining since the discovery of FeSC in 2008, which helps readers follow up recent developments in superconductor research.
This volume contains 18 peer-reviewed papers based on the presentations at the 10th Annual International Workshop on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBSB 2010) held at Kyoto University from July 26 to July 28, 2010. This workshop started in 2001 as an event for doctoral students and young researchers to present and discuss their research results and approaches in bioinformatics and systems biology. It is part of a collaborative educational program involving leading institutions and leaders committed to the following programs: bull; Boston - Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University bull; Berlin - The International Research Training Group (IRTG) "Genomics and Systems Biology of Molecular Networks" bull; Kyoto - The JSPS International Training Program (ITP) "International Research and Training Program of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology" bull; Tokyo - Global COE Program "Center of Education and Research for Advanced Genome-Based Medicine
This book covers how magnesium can be used for metal-air-fuel cells for automobiles and powerplants. The automobile with Zinc-air-fuel cell achieved 600km mileage in 2003 and Magnesium-air-fuel cell can give 3 times more energy which is 7.5 times more effective than Lithium-ion battery. Solar-pumped laser regenerates metal Magnesium from combusted Magnesium oxide. The book covers how low-cost desalination with solar-power will be a promising solution to the global water shortage.
This volume addresses profound issues in international economics, with contributions from leading researchers on the implications of trade. Empirical studies address preferential trading arrangements, global imbalances and exchange rates, facilitating an understanding of how the economy functions and enabling detailed policy evaluation.
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