Task Group on Life Sciences's Books

Radiation Hazards to Crews of Interplanetary Missions

Biological Issues and Research Strategies

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Task Group on the Biological Effects of Space Radiation

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Radiation Hazards to Crews of Interplanetary Missions

Biological Issues and Research Strategies

NASA's long-range plans include possible human exploratory missions to the moon and Mars within the next quarter century. Such missions beyond low Earth orbit will expose crews to transient radiation from solar particle events as well as continuous high-energy galactic cosmic rays ranging from energetic protons with low mean linear energy transfer (LET) to nuclei with high atomic numbers, high energies, and high LET. Because the radiation levels in space are high and the missions long, adequate shielding is needed to minimize the deleterious health effects of exposure to radiation. The knowledge base needed to design shielding involves two sets of factors, each with quantitative uncertaintyâ€"the radiation spectra and doses present behind different types of shielding, and the effects of the doses on relevant biological systems. It is only prudent to design shielding that will protect the crew of spacecraft exposed to predicted high, but uncertain, levels of radiation and biological effects. Because of the uncertainties regarding the degree and type of radiation protection needed, a requirement for shielding to protect against large deleterious, but uncertain, biological effects may be imposed, which in turn could result in an unacceptable cost to a mission. It therefore is of interest to reduce these uncertainties in biological effects and shielding requirements for reasons of mission feasibility, safety, and cost.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309174902

ISBN 13

9780309174909

Life Sciences

Space Science in the Twenty-First Century -- Imperatives for the Decades 1995 to 2015

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Science Board,Task Group on Life Sciences

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Life Sciences

Space Science in the Twenty-First Century -- Imperatives for the Decades 1995 to 2015

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Science Board,Task Group on Life Sciences

Early in 1984, NASA asked the Space Science Board to undertake a study to determine the principal scientific issues that the disciplines of space science would face during the period from about 1995 to 2015. The findings of this study are published in this volume.

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Page Count

154

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309038804

ISBN 13

9780309038805

Solar and Space Physics

Space Science in the Twenty-First Century -- Imperatives for the Decades 1995 to 2015

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Science Board,Task Group on Solar and Space Physics

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Solar and Space Physics

Space Science in the Twenty-First Century -- Imperatives for the Decades 1995 to 2015

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Science Board,Task Group on Solar and Space Physics

From the interior of the Sun, to the upper atmosphere and near-space environment of Earth, and outward to a region far beyond Pluto where the Sun's influence wanes, advances during the past decade in space physics and solar physics--the disciplines NASA refers to as heliophysics--have yielded spectacular insights into the phenomena that affect our home in space. Solar and Space Physics, from the National Research Council's (NRC's) Committee for a Decadal Strategy in Solar and Space Physics, is the second NRC decadal survey in heliophysics. Building on the research accomplishments realized during the past decade, the report presents a program of basic and applied research for the period 2013-2022 that will improve scientific understanding of the mechanisms that drive the Sun's activity and the fundamental physical processes underlying near-Earth plasma dynamics, determine the physical interactions of Earth's atmospheric layers in the context of the connected Sun-Earth system, and enhance greatly the capability to provide realistic and specific forecasts of Earth's space environment that will better serve the needs of society. Although the recommended program is directed primarily at NASA and the National Science Foundation for action, the report also recommends actions by other federal agencies, especially the parts of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration charged with the day-to-day (operational) forecast of space weather. In addition to the recommendations included in this summary, related recommendations are presented in this report.

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Page Count

150

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309038480

ISBN 13

9780309038485

Supporting Research and Data Analysis in NASA's Science Programs

Engines for Innovation and Synthesis

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Space Studies Board,Task Group on Research and Analysis Programs

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Supporting Research and Data Analysis in NASA's Science Programs

Engines for Innovation and Synthesis

Effective science, clearly a mandate for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), involves asking significant questions about the physical and biological world and seeking definitive answers. Its product is new knowledge that has value to the nation. NASA's flight projects are highly visible and usually the most costly elements of this process, but they are only a part of the science enterprise. Flight projects are founded on research that defines clear scientific goals and questions, designs missions to address those questions, and develops the required technologies to accomplish the missions. This research is funded primarily by NASA's research and analysis (R&A) programs. Data from flight projects are transformed into knowledge through analysis and synthesis-research that is funded both by R&A and by the data analysis (DA) portion of mission operations and data analysis (MO&DA) programs. R&A and DA programs are the subject of this report and are grouped for convenience under the heading of research and data analysis (R&DA).

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Page Count

120

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309173590

ISBN 13

9780309173599

Future Biotechnology Research on the International Space Station

By: National Research Council,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Space Studies Board,Task Group for the Evaluation of NASA's Biotechnology Facility for the International Space Station

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Future Biotechnology Research on the International Space Station

Under current NASA plans, investigations in the area of biotechnology will be a significant component of the life sciences research to be conducted on the International Space Station (ISS). They encompass work on cell science and studies of the use of microgravity to grow high-quality protein crystals. Both these subdisciplines are advancing rapidly in terrestrial laboratories, fueled by federal and industrial research budgets that dwarf those of NASA's life science program. Forging strong and fruitful connections between the space investigations and laboratory-bench biologists, a continual challenge for NASA' s life sciences program, is thus of great importance to ensuring the excellence of ISS research. This report evaluates the plan for NASA's biotechnology facility on the ISS and the scientific context that surrounds it, and makes recommendations on how the facility can be made more effective. In addition to questions about optimizing the instrumentation, the report addresses strategies for enhancing the scientific impact and improving the outreach to mainstream terrestrial biology. No major redirection of effort is called for, but collectively the specific, targeted changes recommended by the task group would have a major effect on the conduct of biotechnology research in space.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309069750

ISBN 13

9780309069755

Evaluating the Biological Potential in Samples Returned from Planetary Satellites and Small Solar System Bodies

Framework for Decision Making

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Task Group on Sample Return from Small Solar System Bodies

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Evaluating the Biological Potential in Samples Returned from Planetary Satellites and Small Solar System Bodies

Framework for Decision Making

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Task Group on Sample Return from Small Solar System Bodies

For the first time since the Apollo program, NASA and space agencies abroad have plans to bring samples to Earth from elsewhere in the solar system. There are missions in various stages of definition to gather material over the next decade from Mars, an asteroid, comets, the satellites of Jupiter, and the interplanetary dust. Some of these targets, most especially Jupiter's satellites Europa and Ganymede, now appear to have the potential for harboring living organisms. This book considers the possibility that life may have originated or existed on a body from which a sample might be taken and the possibility that life still exists on the body either in active form or in a form that could be reactivated. It also addresses the potential hazard to terrestrial ecosystems from extraterrestrial life if it exists in a returned sample. Released at the time of the Internationl Committee on Space Research General Assembly, the book has already established the basis for plans for small body sample retruns in the international space research community.

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117

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309061369

ISBN 13

9780309061360

Evaluating the Biological Potential in Samples Returned from Planetary Satellites and Small Solar System Bodies

Framework for Decision Making

By: Task Group on Sample Return from Small Solar System Bodies,Space Studies Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

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Evaluating the Biological Potential in Samples Returned from Planetary Satellites and Small Solar System Bodies

Framework for Decision Making

By: Task Group on Sample Return from Small Solar System Bodies,Space Studies Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

For the first time since the Apollo program, NASA and space agencies abroad have plans to bring samples to Earth from elsewhere in the solar system. There are missions in various stages of definition to gather material over the next decade from Mars, an asteroid, comets, the satellites of Jupiter, and the interplanetary dust. Some of these targets, most especially Jupiter's satellites Europa and Ganymede, now appear to have the potential for harboring living organisms. This book considers the possibility that life may have originated or existed on a body from which a sample might be taken and the possibility that life still exists on the body either in active form or in a form that could be reactiviated. It also addresses the potential hazard to terrestrial ecosystems from extraterrestrial life if it exists in a returned sample. Released at the time of the Internationl Committee on Space Research General Assembly, the book has already established the basis for plans for small body sample retruns in the international space research community.

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Page Count

117

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309592046

ISBN 13

9780309592048

Book's by Task Group on Life Sciences

Radiation Hazards to Crews of Interplanetary Missions

Radiation Hazards to Crews of Interplanetary Missions

Life Sciences

Life Sciences

Solar and Space Physics

Solar and Space Physics

Supporting Research and Data Analysis in NASA's Science Programs

Supporting Research and Data Analysis in NASA's Science Programs

Future Biotechnology Research on the International Space Station

Future Biotechnology Research on the International Space Station

Evaluating the Biological Potential in Samples Returned from Planetary Satellites and Small Solar System Bodies

Evaluating the Biological Potential in Samples Returned from Planetary Satellites and Small Solar System Bodies

Evaluating the Biological Potential in Samples Returned from Planetary Satellites and Small Solar System Bodies

Evaluating the Biological Potential in Samples Returned from Planetary Satellites and Small Solar System Bodies

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