Neurological disorders, such as strokes, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, dementia and Parkinson's disease, constitute a large and increasing share of the global burden of disease. This WHO publication brings together a wide range of information on neurological resources across 109 countries, with the participation of leading experts in neurology. The information is arranged under 15 broad themes and topics covered include: common neurological conditions and services in primary care and specialist settings; therapeutic drugs and services; number and types of health professionals; postgraduate teaching; financing issues and disability benefits; and the advocacy role of national associations and non-governmental organisations. The report highlights the fact that the available resources for neurological services in most countries are insufficient compared with the global need for neurological care; as well as the significant inequalities in resources across regions and income groups within countries.