Since the early 1960s the Korean experience represents a fairly extreme example of 1 development strategy--the open, export led, labor intensive model. Since the onset of rapid economic growth in the early 1960s, triggered by a set of liberalizing economic policy reforms, manufactured exports have expanded at an average annual rate of over 25% and have provided much of the impetus for the growth of industry and industrial employment. Expanded domestic markets for intermediates and capital equipment have brought substantial import-substituting industrial growth and a relative abundance of domestic and international finance. Another aspect of Korea's experience which makes it a valuable case study is the fact that the country entered this period of development with an exceptionally equally distributed stock of human and physical wealth. The Korean case represents close to an extreme in 2 dimensions: rapid, open, export led, labor intensive growth combined with markedly egalitarian initial social and economic structures. For the student of demographic transition, Korea's experience is noteworthy because of the rapidity of change. The crude birthrate declined 40% between 1960-75. The mechanisms and socioeconomic determinants of this transition are questions of substantial interest to those concerned with population problems. Kwon illuminates the historical antecedents to this period of rapid demographic change. It was the drastic upheaval of Korean society during the wartime period that set the stage for fertility transition. The dislocations and destruction of the Korean War completed the process. The war greatly weakened the family structure of Korean society and put and end to early marriage. In addition to affecting family values and birth control practice in Korea, it directly interfered with family formation and fertility. Repetto explores the channels of influence through which the economic development of Korea affected the demographic transition. Kim demonstrates that the policies with the most pronounced effect of population growth and distribution have been implicit and indirect. Kim and Sloboda sheds light on the economic forces behind migration through the analysis of new data on the economic characteristics of migrants.
It is generally believed that Mao Zedong’s populism was an abrupt departure from traditional Chinese thought. This study demonstrates that many of its key concepts had been developed several decades earlier by young May Fourth intellectuals, including Liu Fu, Zhou Zuoren, and Gu Jiegang. The Chinese folk-literature movement, begun at National Beijing University in 1918, changed the attitudes of Chinese intellectuals toward literature and toward the common people. Turning their backs on “high culture” and Confucianism, young folklorists began “going to the people,” particularly peasants, to gather the songs, legends, children’s stories, and proverbs that Chang-tai Hung here describes and analyzes. Their focus on rural culture, rural people, and rural problems was later to be expanded by the Chinese Communist revolutionaries.
When Korea began as a newly independent state in 1948, its economy was very underdeveloped and the rule of law was just established. The journey of democratization in Korea was not without challenges. This book traces the history of the legal philosophy development in Korea and highlights Korea's unique experience. This book shows how Western legal philosophy has been accepted in Korea, a non-Western country that has newly introduced the Western legal system and what role the legal philosophy has played in social context. The book also examines academic scholars' intellectual activities in a historical context and how their intellectual products are yielded through their continuous response to the circumstances of the time. It specifically looks at the many challenging tasks legal philosophers had to overcome in a society when the rule of law and democracy had not yet settled. The book explores how Korean legal philosophers coped during such unique historical situations. It also illustrates how Korean scholars accepted German and Anglo-American legal philosophies and integrated them to change social realities of Korea. Through Korea’s experience, this book will provide insights into how modern legal philosophy develops in a new state and what legal philosophers' responses would be like during such a process. The developing process of legal philosophy in Korean society will interest not only readers in countries who have had similar experiences to Korea, but also readers in the West.
Education to Strengthen our Capabilities for Peaceful Unification The 20th century was on era of “extremes” that was marked by several ideological confrontations and wars. It was a long age of persecution and patience, especially on the part of the Koreans. Nevertheless, the ideology that drove the world into chaos and the leaders who led the hostile inter-Korean relations are now fading from the center stage of history. On December 17, 2011, Kim Jong Il died after ruling North Korea with blood-and-iron politics for 37 years. The global community is now expecting significant changes within the North Korean regime, the relations between the two Koreas, and the East Asian order. The year 2015 will mark the 70th anniversary of the Korean division, which occurred in three overlapping phases: territorial, regime, and emotional. The first phase, territorial division, was introduced on August 15, 1945 when Soviet and U.S. forces divided the peninsula along the 38th parallel. The second phase, regime(sovereignty) division, was established with the formation of two separate governments on the Korean Peninsula; the Republic of Korea(ROK) was founded on August 15, 1948 and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK) was established on September 9, 1948. The division was finalized as it reached the third phase, emotional division(of people), following the North Korean invasion of the South on June 25, 1950 and the subsequent three-year fratricidal war. Are we prepared to undertake unification and maintain peace on the Korean Peninsula? This issue is not only a national one that North and South Korea should resolve on their own, but it is also an international issue in which the interests of four relevant countries nations(the U.S., China, Japan, and Russia) are at stake. For this reason, peaceful unification requires the proper environment, capability and will from all parties. For the time being, we lack all three elements, as there are multiple levels of discord. In the global environment, competition is emerging between the hegemonic power in naval warfare(the U.S.) and the leading power in ground warfare(China). Within the Korean Peninsula, there is increased distrust due to North Korea’s provocative actions including two nuclear tests, the sinking of a South Korean naval ship, and the shelling of a South Korean island. There is discord even within South Korean society: ideological conflicts between the conservatives and liberals, regional confrontation between the southeastern and southwestern regions, generation gaps resulting from a rapid transition to an information-oriented society, and class conflicts that have emerged from neo-liberalism and the collapse of the middle class. Then What are the steps that we should take to make way for peaceful unification? We must first properly prioritize the issues at hand. The top priority should be given to national harmony, then international cooperation, and finally rapprochement on the Korean Peninsula. This is attributed to the fact that South Korean society characterized by internal organization and preparedness is the cornerstone of a peaceful unification; consequently, public education on unification is crucial. Despite the progress made thus far, unification education still has some shortcomings. Until this point in time, education on unification has strengthened a negative image of the North Korean situation, leading to arguments for the deferral of national unification and an increased number of people against it. Governmental programs that were intended to promote unification policies have also taken a passive, or even a critical approach on the issue due to its controversial nature. I would like to acknowledge that although multiple researchers compiled this book after much discussion and thorough review, it still has some shortcomings that will be address in the next edition. Finally, I’d like to express my deepest gratitude to the National Unification Advisory Council and the Unification Education Council for providing the videos and resources for our research...
In 1910, Japan took control over Korea by military and political force. Then, in 1945, Korea was arbitrarily divided by the Soviet Union and the United States into North and South Korea. The Soviets impeded all United Nations efforts to hold elections and reunite the country under one government. Korea has been struggling for independence and reunification ever since. In this memoir, Won Tai Sohn recollects the unusually harsh Japanese treatment of Korean people in Korea, Manchuria, China and Japan, and remembers his close relationship with North Korean president Kim Il Sung from their boyhood to President Kim's sudden death in 1994. According to Dr. Sohn, President Kim devoted his entire life to the liberation of Korea, starting with fighting against the Japanese stationed in North Korea and China. He became the first premier of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea when it was established in 1948, and led his nation in the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. In 1993, President Kim's nuclear program and defense policy became a great concern for the United States when intelligence analysis estimated that North Korea was less than two years away from being able to strike South Korea and Japan with nuclear missiles. President Kim died two months after talks with former U.S. President Jimmy Carter about ending North Korea's nuclear program.
Since the early 1960s the Korean experience represents a fairly extreme example of 1 development strategy--the open, export led, labor intensive model. Since the onset of rapid economic growth in the early 1960s, triggered by a set of liberalizing economic policy reforms, manufactured exports have expanded at an average annual rate of over 25% and have provided much of the impetus for the growth of industry and industrial employment. Expanded domestic markets for intermediates and capital equipment have brought substantial import-substituting industrial growth and a relative abundance of domestic and international finance. Another aspect of Korea's experience which makes it a valuable case study is the fact that the country entered this period of development with an exceptionally equally distributed stock of human and physical wealth. The Korean case represents close to an extreme in 2 dimensions: rapid, open, export led, labor intensive growth combined with markedly egalitarian initial social and economic structures. For the student of demographic transition, Korea's experience is noteworthy because of the rapidity of change. The crude birthrate declined 40% between 1960-75. The mechanisms and socioeconomic determinants of this transition are questions of substantial interest to those concerned with population problems. Kwon illuminates the historical antecedents to this period of rapid demographic change. It was the drastic upheaval of Korean society during the wartime period that set the stage for fertility transition. The dislocations and destruction of the Korean War completed the process. The war greatly weakened the family structure of Korean society and put and end to early marriage. In addition to affecting family values and birth control practice in Korea, it directly interfered with family formation and fertility. Repetto explores the channels of influence through which the economic development of Korea affected the demographic transition. Kim demonstrates that the policies with the most pronounced effect of population growth and distribution have been implicit and indirect. Kim and Sloboda sheds light on the economic forces behind migration through the analysis of new data on the economic characteristics of migrants.
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