English-based Mandarin loanwords are commonly used in Chinese people’s daily lives. Mandarin Loanwords demonstrates how English phonemes map into Mandarin phonemes through Mandarin loanwords adaptation. The consonantal adaptations are the most important in the analyses, and vowel adaptation and tonal adaptation is also considered. Through the analysis, it is proven that the functions of phonology and phonetics play a significant role in Mandarin loanword adaptation, however the functions of other factors, such as semantic functions of Chinese characters and English orthography, are also discussed. Additionally, the phonetic symbolization of Chinese characters is mentioned.
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1. Issues at hand and the need for this study 2. Purpose 3. Content CHAPTER 2 Previous Studies and Theoretical Background 1. Literature Review 2. Theoretical Background CHAPTER 3 Data Source and Analysis Methodology 1. Data Source 2. Analysis Methodology CHAPTER 4 Analysis Outcome 1. Categorization of 'Low-level, Low-welfare' and 'High-level, High-welfare' 2. Enablers and Economic Status and Competitiveness CHAPTER 5 Conclusion and Policy Implications References The current financial crisis in Southern Europe is not only posing a threat to the valuation of the euro but also raising concern over the sustainability of the European welfare model. Bolstered by continuous economic growth in the wake of World War II, European states have managed to develop a high-burden/high-benefit welfare model. However, amid aging society driven by low birth rates and an extended life expectancy as well as the recent sluggish economic growth, high spending and dwindling incomes inevitably followed, triggering government deficits to surge. Consequently, European countries including the financially vulnerable Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy have introduced and are still implementing a range of restructuring measures such as a cut in pension/healthcare benefits, lifting of the eligible age for retirement, etc. in an effort to tackle the budget crisis facing them. As a result, skeptical views on the sustainability of their high-burden/high-benefit model have ensued. One of motivations behind this study is our recognition that such assessment can be too facile. It is true that of Europe's typical high-burden, High-benefit platforms, the ones employed by some Southern European countries are currently under scrutiny, yet the welfare models prevailing in Northern Europe are positively reviewed by global comparison, thus casting little doubt over their sustainability for now. Even for the welfare model of continental European countries, a mixture of views are present. Specifically, little concern is raised about Germany as it has successfully taken proactive actions for welfare reform as opposed to France. Having said that, we believe it is not fair to criticize the whole European welfare system just because the welfare models adopted by southern European countries are struggling with the matter of sustainability. The key to the present issue is not only the size of tax burden and welfare spending but the relation between welfare-enabling economic fundamentals and the level of social issues deemed tolerable. Any welfare model adopted by a country can be viewed appropriate, regardless of high-burden, High-benefit or low-burden/low-benefit, as long as it is selected by people through a political process and managed at a level that withstands social issues while forming a virtuous cycle with the underlying economy. Another factor considered significant for maintaining welfare at a sustainable level is whether the relevant country has the capacity to properly respond when the dynamically selected welfare model encounters any problems.In this respect, it appears unreasonable to simply regard the latest welfare reform triggered by fiscal deficits in Europe as the discarding of European welfare framework. For a prudent judgment, an overall analysis should be conducted for any selections made in the process of politics, a virtuous cycle forged between the underlying economy and healthcare/welfare, degrees of social issues managed by the welfare system, government's response to problems, etc. In this study, we'd like to proceed with our discussion based on the recognition that a virtuous cycle of welfare and economy is most crucial. To this end, it is important to identify regular patterns between the level of welfare spending and tax burden, and the economic competitiveness.
English-based Mandarin loanwords are commonly used in Chinese people’s daily lives. Mandarin Loanwords demonstrates how English phonemes map into Mandarin phonemes through Mandarin loanwords adaptation. The consonantal adaptations are the most important in the analyses, and vowel adaptation and tonal adaptation is also considered. Through the analysis, it is proven that the functions of phonology and phonetics play a significant role in Mandarin loanword adaptation, however the functions of other factors, such as semantic functions of Chinese characters and English orthography, are also discussed. Additionally, the phonetic symbolization of Chinese characters is mentioned.
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1. Issues at hand and the need for this study 2. Purpose 3. Content CHAPTER 2 Previous Studies and Theoretical Background 1. Literature Review 2. Theoretical Background CHAPTER 3 Data Source and Analysis Methodology 1. Data Source 2. Analysis Methodology CHAPTER 4 Analysis Outcome 1. Categorization of 'Low-level, Low-welfare' and 'High-level, High-welfare' 2. Enablers and Economic Status and Competitiveness CHAPTER 5 Conclusion and Policy Implications References The current financial crisis in Southern Europe is not only posing a threat to the valuation of the euro but also raising concern over the sustainability of the European welfare model. Bolstered by continuous economic growth in the wake of World War II, European states have managed to develop a high-burden/high-benefit welfare model. However, amid aging society driven by low birth rates and an extended life expectancy as well as the recent sluggish economic growth, high spending and dwindling incomes inevitably followed, triggering government deficits to surge. Consequently, European countries including the financially vulnerable Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy have introduced and are still implementing a range of restructuring measures such as a cut in pension/healthcare benefits, lifting of the eligible age for retirement, etc. in an effort to tackle the budget crisis facing them. As a result, skeptical views on the sustainability of their high-burden/high-benefit model have ensued. One of motivations behind this study is our recognition that such assessment can be too facile. It is true that of Europe's typical high-burden, High-benefit platforms, the ones employed by some Southern European countries are currently under scrutiny, yet the welfare models prevailing in Northern Europe are positively reviewed by global comparison, thus casting little doubt over their sustainability for now. Even for the welfare model of continental European countries, a mixture of views are present. Specifically, little concern is raised about Germany as it has successfully taken proactive actions for welfare reform as opposed to France. Having said that, we believe it is not fair to criticize the whole European welfare system just because the welfare models adopted by southern European countries are struggling with the matter of sustainability. The key to the present issue is not only the size of tax burden and welfare spending but the relation between welfare-enabling economic fundamentals and the level of social issues deemed tolerable. Any welfare model adopted by a country can be viewed appropriate, regardless of high-burden, High-benefit or low-burden/low-benefit, as long as it is selected by people through a political process and managed at a level that withstands social issues while forming a virtuous cycle with the underlying economy. Another factor considered significant for maintaining welfare at a sustainable level is whether the relevant country has the capacity to properly respond when the dynamically selected welfare model encounters any problems.In this respect, it appears unreasonable to simply regard the latest welfare reform triggered by fiscal deficits in Europe as the discarding of European welfare framework. For a prudent judgment, an overall analysis should be conducted for any selections made in the process of politics, a virtuous cycle forged between the underlying economy and healthcare/welfare, degrees of social issues managed by the welfare system, government's response to problems, etc. In this study, we'd like to proceed with our discussion based on the recognition that a virtuous cycle of welfare and economy is most crucial. To this end, it is important to identify regular patterns between the level of welfare spending and tax burden, and the economic competitiveness.
At the turn of the second millennium, Koreans face multiple challenges at home and abroad. South Korea is still in the throes of democratisation and economic reforms, while North Korea faces food shortages and other economic difficulties. The two Koreas need to manage the unification process so as to bring about national harmony and promote economic prosperity. The Korean people need to devise a new security strategy for a unified Korea to ensure its survival and independence in the early 21st century. This collection is divided into three parts, and each addresses an important issue area confronting the Korean people in the 21st century. Part I examines South Korea's democratisation and economic reforms against the backdrop of the East Asian financial crisis. Part II discusses the problems and prospects for inter-Korean relations and the characteristics of North Korea's foreign policy behaviour. Part III analyses South Korea's security relations with the four major powers at the turn of the new millennium. All chapters are written by renowned experts in their fields and offer valuable insights into the dynamics of the two Korean's domestic politics and foreign policy.
This thesis describes an investigation into homogeneous KN crystalline films grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates, amorphous KN films grown on TiN/Si substrates using the RF-sputtering method, and the ferroelectic and piezoelectric properties of these KN films. KNbO3 (KN) thin films have been extensively investigated for applications in nonlinear optical, electro-optical and piezoelectric devices. However, the electrical properties of KN films have not yet been reported, because it is difficult to grow stoichiometric KN thin films due to K2O evaporation during growth. This thesis also reports on the ReRAM properties of a biocompatible KN ReRAM memristor powered by the KN nanogenerator, and finally shows the biological synaptic properties of the KN memristor for application to the artificial synapse of a neuromorphic computing system.
Relations between the two Koreas continue to be hostile, volatile and unpredictable with North Korea’s nuclear issue remaining as untamed as ever. As such, there is a growing urgency for security cooperation in Northeast Asia to be given immediate attention. The key players in the region - the US, China, Japan and Russia - are keenly aware of the security threat of an armed clash between North and South Korea and are committed to denuclearization of the Korean peninsula. This book explores the domestic factors of the two Koreas and the four major powers that influence their security policies towards North Korea and Northeast Asia. This well thought out and consistently analysed volume has huge potential to frame the conversation on Northeast Asian relations in the coming years.
With this study on Moltmann's pneumoatology the author recently obtained the doctor's degree from the Faculty of Theology of the Free University in Amsterdam. First of all, the book provides us with a thorough evaluation of the role the Holy Spirit plays in the theology of Jürgen Moltmann in its subsequent phases. The author's conclusion is that despite all differences there is one contstant factor: the Spirit is always connected with freedom. The Holy Spirit, according to Moltmann, is a liberating power. Because the author is eager to place Moltmann's pneumatology repeatedly in the context of his theology as a whole and of its developments, this book offers - and that is a second quality - an outstanding insight in the whole of Moltmann's theology and its development throughout the years.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.