This volume of essays explores the interaction of Church and town in the medieval period in England. Two major themes structure the book. In the first part the authors explore the social and economic dimensions of the interaction; in the second part the emphasis moves to the spaces and built forms of towns and their church buildings. The primary emphasis of the essays is upon the urban activities of the medieval Church as a set of institutions: parish, diocese, monastery, cathedral. In these various institutional roles the Church did much to shape both the origin and the development of the medieval town. In exploring themes of topography, marketing and law the authors show that the relationship of Church and town could be both mutually beneficial and a source of conflict.
It is now some sixteen years since the author's first series of books on the analysis of organometallic compounds. Many developments in the subject have occurred since that time and a new book on the subject is now overdue. The present book aims to provide a comprehensive review of the subject. It covers not only all aspects of the analysis of organometallic compounds but also contains two additional chapters, dealing with environmental analysis and the use of chelates of metals in the determination of very low concentrations of organic metals. Whilst reviewing the literature for the present book, it was observed that whereas papers published prior to 1973 dealt almost exclusively with various forms of analysis, a high proportion of those published during the past ten years were concerned with the application of proven or newly developed methods to the determination of organometallic compounds in environmental samples such as water, air, soil, river and ocean sediments, fish life and biota samples. An increasing range of elements including mercury, lead, arsenic, tin, antimony, selenium and manganese are now being found in organically bound forms in the environment, some resulting from pollution, others formed in nature by bacterial processes. As many of these substances have appreciable implications to human and animal health and the ecosystem as a whole, it was considered that it would be timely to include a separate chapter in the book devoted entirely to this subject.
This unique and comprehensive text considers all aspects of heat exchanger fouling from the basic science of how surfaces become fouled to very practical ways of mitigating the problem and from mathematical modelling of different fouling mechanisms to practical methods of heat exchanger cleaning. The problems that restrict the efficient operation of equipment are described and the costs, some of them hidden costs, that are associated with the fouling of heat exchangers are discussed. Some simple concepts and models of the fouling processes are presented as part of the introduction to the subject.Advice on the selection, design, installation and commissioning of heat exchangers to minimise fouling is given. A large part of the text is devoted to the use of chemical and other additives to reduce or eliminate the problem of fouling. Another large section is designed to give information on both on-line and off-line cleaning of heat exchangers. One of the difficulties faced by designers and operators of heat exchangers is anticipating the likely extent of fouling problems to be encountered with different flow streams. Another large section addresses the question and describes methods that have been used in attempting to define fouling potential. The book concludes with a chapter on how fouling information can be obtained using plant data, field tests and laboratory studies.
The study of the biological effects of foreign chemicals (whether therapeutic drugs or chemicals present at work or in the environment) interests the biologist from a number of different and complementary viewpoints. Apart from the more obvious pharmacological and toxicological interest, the experimentalist often uses foreign chemicals to produce in experimental animals disease states similar to naturally occurring diseases, so that their pathogenetic mechanisms and therapy can be studied under controlled conditions. In addition - as Claude Bernard pointed out over a century ago - foreign chemicals can be employed as instruments to analyze the most delicate vital processes; much can be learned about the physiological processes themselves by a careful study of the mechanisms by which these are altered by chemicals. The field of heme and hemoproteins offers an example of the interplay of these different approaches. Their metabolism can be altered by therapeutic drugs and other foreign chemicals and this results in a variety of biological responses that transcend the boundaries of pharmacology into the confines of clinical medi cine, genetics, toxicology, biochemistry and physiology. In this book a multidisciplinary approach to the study of heme metabolism is presented including the effect of chemicals on heme metabolism in patients, the results of experimental work in the whole animal, as well as in vitro studies.
New Sources of Self investigates the self and its origins, functions, development, and expression. A central theme in this book is that the psychobiological capacities of individuals are in the process of being replaced in ""modern"" society by the electromagnetic capacities of technology, by the decision-making and control capacities of business systems, and by the physical capacities of modern industrial machinery. Some of the consequences of this replacement are explored. This monograph is comprised of seven chapters and begins by reexamining the assumption, that self and society are intertwined and challenging the necessity of the social order being the primary source of ""human nature."" The next chapter considers the delineation and measurement of the self-system, the cybernetics of self-control, and the sociological and psychological perspectives of self. The argument that the separation of self and society is tragic is also analyzed, together with some contemporary social movements as ventures in the private construction and private use of self; the processes by which self is linked to social structure and whether these processes are operative in the large-scale organizations typically found in a complex industrial society; and some sources and uses of self. This text will be of interest to sociologists, psychiatrists, clinical and social psychologists, and psychiatric social workers.
Chromatography of Natural, Treated and Waste Waters is the first book to bring together information of a range of chromatographic techniques in all types of water, precipitation to sewage effluents. Organic and inorganic compounds, cations, anions and elements are all discussed. Particular attention is paid to multi compound analysis of water, and the analysis of minute traces of pollutants. Gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry are included in this well referenced and easy to use book.
With empirical touchstones from Europe, North America, Africa, Asia and the Pacific, the authors argue that heritage and property represent different approaches to subject formation, produce distinct bodies of expertise, and belong to different rationalities of government in a global patrimonial field: that cultural property is a technology of sovereignty, part of the order of the modern liberal state, but cultural heritage a technology of reformation that cultivates responsible subjects and entangles them in networks of expertise and management. While particular case trajectories may shift back and forth from rights-based claims and resolutions under the sign of cultural property to ethical claims and solutions under the sign of cultural heritage, the authors contend that there is significant analytical purchase to be gained from their distinction. Using a critical, comparative approach, they make the case for a historically grounded and theoretically informed understanding of the difference between the two terms.
Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der wichtigsten Schadstoffe - Quecksilber, Blei, Zinn und Arsen - werden hier alle Aspekte des Vorkommens, der Toxizität und der Analytik organometallischer Verbindungen in Umweltproben systematisch erläutert. Ausführlich wird auch auf Phänomene wie die Bioakkumulation und die Verteilung der Xenobiotika im Ökosystem eingegangen. (02/98)
Determination of Toxic Organic Chemicals in Natural Waters, Sediments and Soils: Determination and Analysis reviews the latest techniques for the determination and assessment of both current and emerging organic compounds in a range of important environmental contexts. A wide range of organic compounds in non-saline waters are discussed in the opening chapters, including hydrocarbons, surface active agents and volatile organic compounds. This is followed by multiorganics, pesticides and organometallic compounds in non-saline waters. Organic compounds in aqueous precipitation are then explored before the book goes on to discuss compounds in soils, including extraction techniques, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, and organometallic compounds. Finally, the concluding chapters focus on compounds in sediments, providing readers with the latest information in the field and supporting them as they address the important issue surrounding organic material throughout ecosystems. - Highlights the latest methods for analyzing a wide range of organic compounds - Supports researchers by providing detailed information across a range of ecosystems - Includes detailed guidance for assessing complex mixtures of organic compounds in the environment
Equipment used for the analysis of water is frequently insufficiently sensitive to be able to detect the low concentrations of organic and inorganic substances present in samples. Applying preconcentration to the sample prior to analysis means the results gained are more accurate and can be used to report trends more effectively. Each chapter of Preconcentration Techniques for Natural and Treated Waters discusses a different method of preconcentration and its application to the preconcentration of cations, anions, organic substances and organometallic compounds. Drawing together the recent world literature available on the subject, this book provides detailed discussion of the need for reducing detection limits in analytical chemistry and ways of achieving this aim. Throughout the book emphasis is laid on providing practical experimental detail, facilitating further development of procedures. Numerous tables present information clearly and accessibly. This book will be an invaluable reference for biologists, chemists, agriculturists, toxicologists, oceanographers, and environmentalists dealing with the analysis of water in industry and academia.
This book brings together in one place all available information on the determination of metals, organics, organometallic compounds, anions, cations, dissolved gases, radioactive substances and miscellaneous determinands in natural and treated waters.
Since its introduction into the armoury of the analytical chemist approximately two decades ago the technique of gas chroma tography has found very extensive applications in the analysis of most types of organic compounds. One of the few remaining limitations of the technique when applied to such compounds, namely the analysis of very highly boiling and or thermally unstable substances, has been overcome in many instances by the introduction of techniques such as silation for the conversion of sample components to lower boiling or more stable substances which can be gas chromatographed at reasonably low temperatures. All of this has been extensively dealt with in many books published during recent years dealing with the theory and practice of applying gas chromatography to the analysis and preparative separation of organic compounds. In parallel with these developments there has occurred, particu larly over the past decade, a growing interest in the application of gas chromatography to the analysis of organometallic compounds. Indeed, for many types of organometallic compounds, gas chromatography is the analytical method of choice particularly, as so often happens, when the sample is a mixture. To the author's knowledge no complete review exists of the published work in this very interesting new field; a situation it is hoped the present volume will rectify.
The purpose of this book is to draw together the world-wide literature on the occurrence and analytical determination of all types of organic, organometallic and inorganic compounds in soils, animals, crops, plants, grains, dairy products and processed foods. Animal feed and fertilizers are also discussed.
Determination of Metals in Natural and Treated Waters draws together all the available literature and presents in a systematic fashion the latest analytical techniques for detecting metals in non-saline and saline natural and treated water. Broad outlines of different methods and their applicability in certain situations are given allowing the chem
The virtual impossibility of extracting the many different species from a habitat with equal efficiency by a single method (e.g. Nef, 1960). 1.1 Population estimates Population estimates can be classified into a number of different types; the most convenient classification is that adopted by Morris (1955), although he used the terms somewhat differently in a later paper (1960). 1.1.1 Absolute and related estimates The animal numbers may be expressed as a density per unit area of the ground of the habitat. Such estimates are given by nearest neighbour and related techniques (Chapter 2), marking and recapture (Chapter 3), by sampling a known fraction of the habitat (Chapter 4-6) and by removal sampling and random walk techniques (Chapter 7). Absolute population The number of animals per unit area (e.g. hectare, acre). It is almost impossible to construct a budget or to study mortality factors without the conversion of population estimates to absolute figures, for not only do insects often move from the plant to the soil at different developmental stages, but the amount of plant material is itself always changing. The importance of obtaining absolute estimates cannot be overemphasized.
These essays explore the many ways theater and dramaturgy are used to shape the everyday experience of people in mass societies. Young argues that technologies combine with the world of art, music, and cinema to shape consciousness as a commodity and to fragment social relations in the market as well as in religion and politics. He sees the central problem of post-modern society as how to live in a world constructed by human beings without nihilism on the one hand or repressive dogmatism on the other. Young argues that in advanced monopoly capitalism, dramaturgy has replaced coercion as the management tool of choice for the control of consumers, workers, voters and state functionaries. Young calls this process the "colonization of desire." Desire is colonized by the use of dramaturgy, mass media, and the various forms of art in order to generate consumers, vesting desire in ownership and display rather than in interpersonal relationships with profound consequence for marriage, kinship, friendship and community. While Young focuses his critique on capitalist societies undergoing great changes, he insists that the same developments are to be found in bureaucratically organized socialist societies. The Drama of Social Life is of interest to those who study theories of moral development, cultural studies, the uses of leisure, politics, or simply the uses of "make believe." It is intended for the informed lay public as much as for social psychologists.
Insects are the most diverse and abundant animals that share our world, and conservation initiatives are increasingly needed and being implemented globally, to safe guard the wealth of individual species. This book provides sufficient background information, illustrated by examples from many parts of the world, to enable more confident and efficient progress towards the conservation of these ecologically indispensable animals. Writing for graduate students, academic researchers and professionals, Tim New describes the major ingredients for insect species management and conservation, and how these may be integrated into effective practical management and recovery plans.
As environmental controls are lagging behind industrial development, metals are an increasing hazard to humans, animal and plant life. Bioaccumulation of metals through the food chain creates a serious impact on public health yet analytical techniques for detecting the often low concentrations of contaminants are poorly understood. Determination of
We Will Help You Get Your Best Score!With more than 125 years of experience in education, McGraw-Hill Education is the name you trust to deliver results. This MHE guide is the most comprehensive and relevant SAT Subject Test prep tool on the market. This edition provides:•6 full-length practice tests with thorough answer explanations•A comprehensive review of all United States History concepts essential to success on the SAT Subject Test•An extensive overview of the format of the test based on the most recent SAT U.S. History exams•Unique test-taking strategies and tips recommended by teachers to help you raise your score•A customizable study plan to help you maximize the time you have to prepareTOP 30 LISTThe book includes a description of the 30 topics most crucial to review before you take the Subject Test in U.S. HistoryTEST-TAKING STRATEGIESLearn unique tips developed by teachers to help you avoid the test maker’s traps.
Prepare for the SAT United States History test with the experts you trust! This step-by-step guide will give you the knowledge and tools you need to succeed on this challenging exam. You'll get essential skill-building techniques and strategies created and classroom-tested by high school history teachers and test-pep coaches. You'll also get full-length practice tests, hundreds of sample questions, and all the facts about the current exam -- everything you need to do your best on test day! Features 6 full-length sample tests in the latest test format More than 700 practice questions Step-by-step review of all topics covered on the exam Teacher-recommended strategies to raise your score Special features: SAT United States History at a Glance, Top Items to Remember on Test Day, and more About the Author Daniel Farabaugh teaches US History, Global Perspectives, and AP US History at Westfield High School in Westfield, New Jersey. Stephanie Muntone and T. R. Teti are widely published test-prep writers and editors.
The theory and implementation of a quality management system is explained by Slater, who manages such a system at LTV Steel Corporation. He details the six steps of setting process standards and meeting them, and notes the experiences of several companies. This is part 2 of a set of 6. the entire set is available here.
The theory and implementation of a quality management system is explained by Slater, who manages such a system at LTV Steel Corporation. He details the six steps of setting process standards and meeting them, and notes the experiences of several companies. This is part 3 of a set of 6. the entire set is available here.
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