Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, is considered as a major, aquaculture development both in Vietnam and globally. One of the main drivers responsible for the explosive growth of the sector is considered to be the development and commercialisation of techniques for artificial propagation of the species. This chapter looks first at the life-cycle of the striped catfish and historical developments in hatchery technology before going on to discuss induced breeding of catfish in hatcheries together with larval and fry nursing. Finally, harvesting and transportation are described and possible future directions in the sector.
This book contains the biography of Mayor Catalino Gabot Hermosilla, Sr., a Filipino politician, who was the mayor of Ormoc, Leyte, Philippines during World War II from 1941 to 1943 during the occupation of Ormoc by the Imperial Japanese military. His term of office was characterized by danger in the hands of the occupying military force where he demonstrated uncommon valor with the skillful and diplomatic handling of the affairs of the government under the yoke of the oppressors while cuddling with his Filipino brother-in-arms who were fighting the Japanese as guerilla warriors in the town and around the hills of Ormoc while at the same time, “played ball with the enemy” in order to save lives and protect the population under the detriment of his own safety...a fete that he later called “walking on a tight rope.” It also contain numerous historical accounts and records of Ormoc that is a “must read” to every fellow Ormocanon. Mario Yrastorza Hermosilla, MBA-TM Author
Many problems in decision making, monitoring, fault detection, and control require the knowledge of state variables and time-varying parameters that are not directly measured by sensors. In such situations, observers, or estimators, can be employed that use the measured input and output signals along with a dynamic model of the system in order to estimate the unknown states or parameters. An essential requirement in designing an observer is to guarantee the convergence of the estimates to the true values or at least to a small neighborhood around the true values. However, for nonlinear, large-scale, or time-varying systems, the design and tuning of an observer is generally complicated and involves large computational costs. This book provides a range of methods and tools to design observers for nonlinear systems represented by a special type of a dynamic nonlinear model -- the Takagi--Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. The TS model is a convex combination of affine linear models, which facilitates its stability analysis and observer design by using effective algorithms based on Lyapunov functions and linear matrix inequalities. Takagi--Sugeno models are known to be universal approximators and, in addition, a broad class of nonlinear systems can be exactly represented as a TS system. Three particular structures of large-scale TS models are considered: cascaded systems, distributed systems, and systems affected by unknown disturbances. The reader will find in-depth theoretic analysis accompanied by illustrative examples and simulations of real-world systems. Stability analysis of TS fuzzy systems is addressed in detail. The intended audience are graduate students and researchers both from academia and industry. For newcomers to the field, the book provides a concise introduction dynamic TS fuzzy models along with two methods to construct TS models for a given nonlinear system
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