T.F. Cleophas's Books

Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials

By: Ton J. Cleophas,A.H. Zwinderman,T.F. Cleophas,Toine F. Cleophas,Eugene P. Cleophas

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Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials

By: Ton J. Cleophas,A.H. Zwinderman,T.F. Cleophas,Toine F. Cleophas,Eugene P. Cleophas

In 1948 the first randomized controlled trial was published by the English Medical Research Council in the British Medical Journal. Until then, observations had been uncontrolled. Initially, trials frequently did not confirm hypotheses to be tested. This phenomenon was attributed to low sensitivity due to small samples, as well as inappropriate hypotheses based on biased prior trials. Additional flaws were recognized and subsequently were better accounted for: carryover effects due to insufficient washout from previous treatments, time effects due to external factors and the natural history of the condition under study, bias due to asymmetry between treatment groups, lack of sensitivity due to a negative correlation between treatment responses, etc. Such flaws, mainly of a technical nature, have been largely corrected and led to trials after 1970 being of significantly better quality than before. The past decade has focused, in addition to technical aspects, on the need for circumspection in planning and conducting of clinical trials. As a consequence, prior to approval, clinical trial protocols are now routinely scrutinized by different circumstantial bodies, including ethics committees, institutional and federal review boards, national and international scientific organizations, and monitoring committees charged with conducting interim analyses. This book not only explains classical statistical analyses of clinical trials, but addresses relatively novel issues, including equivalence testing, interim analyses, sequential analyses, and meta-analyses, and provides a framework of the best statistical methods currently available for such purposes. The book is not only useful for investigators involved in the field of clinical trials, but also for all physicians who wish to better understand the data of trials as currently published.

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Page Count

363

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

1402046502

ISBN 13

9781402046506

The Reinvention of Theatre in Sixteenth-century Europe

Traditions, Texts and Performance

By: T.F. Earle

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The Reinvention of Theatre in Sixteenth-century Europe

Traditions, Texts and Performance

By: T.F. Earle

The sixteenth century was an exciting period in the history of European theatre. In the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, France, Germany and England, writers and actors experimented with new dramatic techniques and found new publics. They prepared the way for the better-known dramatists of the next century but produced much work which is valuable in its own right, in Latin and in their own vernaculars. The popular theatre of the Middle Ages gave endless material for reinvention by playwrights, and the legacy of the ancient world became a spur to creativity, in tragedy and comedy. As soon as readers and audiences had taken in the new plays, they were changed again, taking new forms as the first experiments were themselves modified and reinvented. Writers constantly adapted the texts of plays to meet new requirements. These and other issues are explored by a group of international experts from a comparative perspective, giving particular emphasis to one of the great European comic dramatists, the Portuguese Gil Vicente. Tom Earle is King John II Professor of Portuguese at Oxford. Catarina Fouto is a Lecturer in Portuguese at King's College London.

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Page Count

389

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1351541145

ISBN 13

9781351541145

Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials

By: Ton J. Cleophas,A.H. Zwinderman,T.F. Cleophas,Toine F. Cleophas,Eugene P. Cleophas

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Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials

By: Ton J. Cleophas,A.H. Zwinderman,T.F. Cleophas,Toine F. Cleophas,Eugene P. Cleophas

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

363

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

1402046502

ISBN 13

9781402046506

Book's by T.F. Cleophas

Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials

Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials

The Reinvention of Theatre in Sixteenth-century Europe

The Reinvention of Theatre in Sixteenth-century Europe

Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials

Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials

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