This book discusses the physical rather than the chemical examination of the properties of polymers on the basis of the type of equipment used, examples of the applications of these techniques are given. Techniques examined include thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis and evolved gas analysis), dynamic mechanical analysis and thermomechanical analysis, dielectric thermal analysis, ESR, MALDI, luminescence testing, photocalorimetry testing and the full range of equipment for mechanical, thermal, electrical, rheological, particle size, molecular weight.
In recent years numerous research papers have been published on the changes in chemical structure and in physical properties of polymers when they are exposed to heat over a range of temperatures. For example, these changes can occur at any time during the injection moulding of the plastic, in the subsequent processing and in its end-use application when exposed to elevated temperatures. Thermal stability is a very important parameter which must be taken into account when selecting polymers whether for their use as constructional or engineering applications or in the packaging of food at high temperatures. The mechanisms by which such changes occur are many and it is important to know what these are and to be able to measure the rate of change of polymer structure and its dependence on temperature and time. Development of an understanding of the mechanisms of thermal degradation will help the chemist to develop materials with better thermal stability. This is particularly important in newer developments in engineering and aerospace. This book reviews in nine chapters the measurement of these properties in the main types of polymers in use today. Numerous techniques are discussed ranging from thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance based methods to pyrolytic techniques such as those based on pyrolysis, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The book is aimed at those engaged in the manufacture of polymers and the development of end-use applications. It is essential that students of polymer science should have a thorough understanding of polymer stability and an additional aim of the book is to help in the development of such an interest.
This book discusses the physical rather than the chemical examination of the properties of polymers on the basis of the type of equipment used, examples of the applications of these techniques are given. Techniques examined include thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis and evolved gas analysis), dynamic mechanical analysis and thermomechanical analysis, dielectric thermal analysis, ESR, MALDI, luminescence testing, photocalorimetry testing and the full range of equipment for mechanical, thermal, electrical, rheological, particle size, molecular weight.
The combination of chromatography with mass spectroscopy is a very useful technique which is being increasingly used by polymer chemists to improve existing polymers and to discover new ones with specific physical properties such as thermal stability and retention of properties over a long service life.This technique is extremely powerful for the analysis and characterisation of polymers and is often based on the use of controlled chromatography - mass spectroscopy to measure a polymer's decomposition with techniques such as pyrolysis, followed by chromatography to separate any breakdown product, and, finally, mass spectroscopy, to achieve an unequivocal identification of the pyrolysis products obtained. The detail that can be obtained by such methods includes structure of the polymer backbone, branching, end groups, isomeric detail and fine detail in the structure of copolymers.The first three chapters of the book discuss the various chromatographic and mass spectroscopic techniques now available.Chapters 3-8 cover the complementary methods, based on the combination of mass spectroscopy with various chromatographic techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography.Pyrolysis chromatography-mass spectroscopy is a method of studying the structure of polymers which involves subjecting the polymer pyrolysis products to a chromatographic technique to simplify subsequent analysis and, finally mass spectroscopy to identify the pyrolysis products with the possibility of deducing finer details of polymer structure than were previously attainable by classical methods (Chapters 9-11).By providing a thorough up-to-date review of work in this field it is hoped that the book will be of interest to all those engaged in polymer research and development, and polymer users in general.
Generally speaking, engineering plastics are those which are replacing conventional materials such as metals and alloys in general engineering. In addition, the term 'engineering plastic' covers materials that have superior properties which were not particularly available in conventional polymeric materials such as the exceptionally high heat resistance of polyimides and polysulfides. In addition to conventional materials engineering polymers include materials as diverse as polyether ether ketone, polyimide, polyetherimide and polysulfides and polysulfides. Engineering polymers can be reinforced by the inclusion in their formulations of glass fibres, carbon fibres and nanotubes which produce appreciable improvements in mechanical and thermal properties. The book aims to provide a complete coverage of the types of plastics which are now increasingly being used in engineering, in applications as diverse as gears, aircraft body construction, micro-electronics and extreme high temperature applications, steel replacement and artificial hip joints. The book also intends to provide a complete review of the use of polymers in engineering. The mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of polymers are discussed as are other diverse applications such as solvent and detergent resistance, frictional and hardness properties, food packaging applications and gas barrier properties. In addition a very important application is discussed of the resistance of plastics to gamma and other forms of radiation namely their use in nuclear industry, medical applications and food sterilisation. The book will be of interest to those at all levels who are concerned with general engineering, building, automotive, aerospace, electronics, mechanical and nuclear industries. It will also be of interest as a source book to materials scientists, those concerned with the development of new materials and students of engineering and related studies.
Thirty years ago the Irish State embarked on a programme of development which rapidly transformed the economy and with it Irish society. This book is about that transformation and its effects. In particular, it focuses on the relationship between the policies pursued by the State and the class structure of Ireland. It argues that, despite promises of general prosperity, the benefits of Ireland's economic development have been very unevenly distributed, leading to a growing polarisation between social classes.
This volume offers a systematic account of the effects of globalization on the shipping industry and seafarers' lives. The seafarers' labor market is changing rapidly and this study discusses the challenges encountered in recruitment practices, trade unions, and collective bargaining, as well as training, certification, and fraudulent certification. Wages, contracts, and tours of duty are also investigated, and the book includes in-depth treatment of seafarer safety and hazard exposure. Innovations such as automated engine rooms and the global maritime distress and safety system, the internationalization of ship registrations, multinational crewing and reductions in crewing levels, and the rise in ship management companies have had a profound effect on seafarers' living and working conditions. This perceptive book examines these and future issues for regulation and enforcement.
Generally speaking, engineering plastics are those which are replacing conventional materials such as metals and alloys in general engineering. In addition, the term 'engineering plastic' covers materials that have superior properties which were not particularly available in conventional polymeric materials such as the exceptionally high heat resistance of polyimides and polysulfides. In addition to conventional materials engineering polymers include materials as diverse as polyether ether ketone, polyimide, polyetherimide and polysulfides and polysulfides. Engineering polymers can be reinforced by the inclusion in their formulations of glass fibres, carbon fibres and nanotubes which produce appreciable improvements in mechanical and thermal properties. The book aims to provide a complete coverage of the types of plastics which are now increasingly being used in engineering, in applications as diverse as gears, aircraft body construction, micro-electronics and extreme high temperature applications, steel replacement and artificial hip joints. The book also intends to provide a complete review of the use of polymers in engineering. The mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of polymers are discussed as are other diverse applications such as solvent and detergent resistance, frictional and hardness properties, food packaging applications and gas barrier properties. In addition a very important application is discussed of the resistance of plastics to gamma and other forms of radiation namely their use in nuclear industry, medical applications and food sterilisation. The book will be of interest to those at all levels who are concerned with general engineering, building, automotive, aerospace, electronics, mechanical and nuclear industries. It will also be of interest as a source book to materials scientists, those concerned with the development of new materials and students of engineering and related studies.
Recent Advances in Tourism Marketing Research offers tourism marketers an excellent basis for developing and evaluating their marketing efforts. The book explores exciting new approaches to conducting tourism marketing research and presents applications which will help you develop and implement new tourism marketing strategies in your business.
Inside the 3rd edition of this esteemed masterwork, hundreds of the most distinguished authorities from around the world provide today's best answers to every question that arises in your practice. They deliver in-depth guidance on new diagnostic approaches, operative technique, and treatment option, as well as cogent explanations of every new scientific concept and its clinical importance. With its new streamlined, more user-friendly, full-color format, this 3rd edition makes reference much faster, easier, and more versatile. More than ever, it's the source you need to efficiently and confidently overcome any clinical challenge you may face. Comprehensive, authoritative, and richly illustrated coverage of every scientific and clinical principle in ophthalmology ensures that you will always be able to find the guidance you need to diagnose and manage your patients' ocular problems and meet today's standards of care. Updates include completely new sections on "Refractive Surgery" and "Ethics and Professionalism"... an updated and expanded "Geneitcs" section... an updated "Retina" section featuring OCT imaging and new drug therapies for macular degeneration... and many other important new developments that affect your patient care. A streamlined format and a new, more user-friendly full-color design - with many at-a-glance summary tables, algorithms, boxes, diagrams, and thousands of phenomenal color illustrations - allows you to locate the assistance you need more rapidly than ever.
This book examines how young people understand and live politics, using innovative research methods. It treats age, class, gender and ethnicity as political 'lived experiences'. It concludes that young people are alienated, rather than apathetic, and that their interests and concerns are rarely addressed within mainstream political institutions.
Uveitis is inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, which is known as the uvea or uveal tract. It is a complex condition with a variety of causes and clinical manifestations, including injury, infection or an underlying condition. This 1200pp second edition brings ophthalmologists fully up to date with the latest developments in diagnosing and treating uveitis. Beginning with the basic principles of the disease, its diagnosis and management, the following sections discuss the treatment of numerous different infectious, non infectious, masquerade and autoimmune syndromes. Basic science, differential diagnosis, pathology and clinical management are discussed for each condition. Written by specialists from the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution (MERSI) and John A Moran Eye Center in the USA, this comprehensive new edition includes 699 colour images and illustrations. Key points Comprehensive, second edition bringing ophthalmologists fully up to date with diagnosis and treatment of uveitis Discusses different uveitis syndromes – infectious, non infectious, masquerade and autoimmune Authored by US ophthalmic specialists Includes 699 full colour images and illustrations First edition published in 2001 by Saunders
This brief 4-colour paperback text covers all of the major topics in Sociology that instructors would cover in a 12- to 14-week course. Instructors will welcome the integration of race and gender issues throughout the text. Cross-cultural coverage is extensive. It is accompanied by a first rate ancillary package, including an innovative electronic study guide. This text will appeal to students and instructors who find they are simply unable to work through an introductory Sociology text with 20 chapters or more. Videos available - contact local sales rep.
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