In modern days, Nanotechnology is in wide use in various domains of science. It deals with the Nanoparticles having a size of 1-100 nm in one dimension. It is often used in medical chemistry, atomic physics and other scientific disciplines. The synthesis of nanomaterials is of current interest due to their wide variety of applications in fields such as electronics, photonics, catalysis, medicine etc. The applications of nanotechnology are growing because matter at the nanometer scale has different properties compared with the bulk state. For this reason, many research groups around the world are testing new methods of synthesis of different materials at the nanoscale. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been the subject matter of researchers due to their unique properties (e.g. size and shape depending on optical, antimicrobial and electrical properties).
The Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) environmental profiling project has been completed aiming at a healthy environment for the citizens of AJK. The Environmental Protection Agency of AJK has been providing the logistical support and moblity etc. throughout the sampling period. The present study has a very strong focus on “Indoor Air Quality Monitoring”. The monitoring has been performed at the selected locations of Muzaffarabad, Mirpur and Bhimber in residential, commercial and industrial areas for ambient air. Indoor air quality has been measured in schools, houses, hospitals and industrial units of different locations of Muzaffarabad, Mirpur and Bhimber. Geographically, the northern part of AJK encompasses the lower part of the Himalayas. Fertile, green, mountainous valleys are characteristic of Azad Kashmir's geography, making it one of the most beautiful regions on the subcontinent. The southern parts of Azad Kashmir including Bhimber, Mirpur and Kotli districts have extremely hot weather in summers and moderate cold weather in winters. It receives rains mostly in monsoon weather. Snow fall also occurs there in December and January. This region receives rainfall in both winters and summers of the order of more than 1400 mm, with the highest average near Muzaffarabad. During summer, monsoon floods of the Jhelum and Leepa rivers are common.
Pakistan and its neighboring counties contain all recognized kinds of most important plate boundaries as well as important dynamic intra-plate twists. Understanding the tectonics in this multifaceted area has been delayed by a relative lack of data and the difficulty of geologic and tectonic troubles. Even with the raise in the quantity of data in the past few years, the complications of the area need a multidirectional approach to cope with the geology and tectonics. Thus, in order to assemble huge, multidirectional data sets with varying superiority and resolution, this study takes on a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach to see at these troubles in a comprehensive and exceptional way. In this study, the authors compile maps of surficial tectonic features and deepness of the Moho, Pn velocities and Pg velocities for Pakistan and explain a cross-section means to work with data in a GIS format.
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