Nowadays number of competitive and recruitment examinations test the writing ability of the aspirants by including a descriptive English section in the exam. The Descriptive English section covers essay and passage writing to evaluate the effective writing skills of the aspirants. The present book contains ample number of modern essays which are or may be asked in a number of competitive & recruitment examinations. The present book on Modern Essays has been divided into ten sections namely Current Affairs, Society & Social Issues, Economy & Infrastructure, Education, Science & Technology, Great Personalities, Constructive Writing: General Topics, Environment, Ecology & Climate, Famous Proverbs & Sayings and Miscellaneous. The Current Affairs section covers Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), Make in India: Mission to Glory, Ebola, Kailash Satyarthi, etc whereas the Society & Social Issues contains Social Evils, Curse of Dowry System, Female Foeticide, Drug Abuse, Generation Gap, Corruption in India, Population Explosion, Poverty in India, etc. The Economy & Infrastructure section covers Agriculture in India, An Indian Farmer, Mineral Wealth of India, Banking in India, Economic Reforms, Indian Economy, Globalisation, etc whereas the Education section covers Right to Education (RTE), Vocational Education, Sex Education in School, etc. The Science & Technology section has been divided into Internet Boon, India: A Software Super Power, Blossoming of Social Media, Health Advancements, A Flat on Moon, Cloning, etc. whereas the Great Personalities section covers Ashoka the Great, Nelson Mandela, Sir CV Raman, Kalpana Chawla, Abraham Lincoln, Helen Keller, MS Dhoni, Milkha Singh, Mary Kom, etc. The Constructive Writing section has been divided into Independence Day, My Childhood Memories, My Favorite Games, On the Top of the World, The Role of Indian Cinema, My Favourite Author, etc whereas the Environment, Ecology & Climate covers Forests of India, Wildlife of India, The Fury of Floods, Climate Change, Green Revolution, Tiger Conservation, Earthquake: A Natural Calamity, etc. The Famous Proverbs & Sayings section covers A Thing of Beauty if a Joy Forever, All that Glitters is Not Gold, Boys Prefer Sports, Girls Prefer Clothes, Look Before You Leap, Sweet are the Uses of Adversity, Small is Beautiful, etc whereas the Miscellaneous section covers Indian Railways: In Need of Revival, Meditation: The Ultimate Nirvana, Online Shopping, Delhi Metro, Photography, Information Media, Right to Information (RTI), etc. As the book contains ample number of sample essays of varied variety, it for sure will prove to be beneficial for essay writing for school students and for different competitive examinations.
The book is developed to provide a comprehensive understanding of marketing practices. It discusses the core marketing concepts, drawing from extensive literature, real-world examples, and case studies. All cases and examples are contextualised within the Indian market, providing relevant and relatable analysis. It introduces value concepts and reorients the discussion on marketing mix decisions, incorporating ethical considerations. Additionally, it covers sustainable marketing, aligning with the undergraduate curriculum requirements under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Case-based practical exercises are included at the end of each chapter to deepen the understanding of various concepts. The book benefits undergraduate and graduate students pursuing degrees in commerce, business administration, and related fields, which aligns with NEP 2020. It is also valuable for marketing professionals seeking to deepen their understanding of marketing principles and stay updated with current trends, including sustainable and digital marketing. Additionally, business professionals aiming to enhance their strategic decision-making will find the insights in this book advantageous. Educators can use it as a comprehensive textbook to support their teaching of marketing concepts. The Present Publication is the 3rd Edition, authored by Prof. (Dr) Kavita Sharma and Dr Swati Aggarwal. The noteworthy features of this book are as follows: • [Comprehensive Coverage] The book covers all fundamental and advanced topics in marketing, catering to the learning needs of undergraduate and graduate-level courses • [Indian Context] All examples and case studies are contextualised within the Indian market, making the content highly relevant and relatable for students in India • [Updated Content—National Education Policy (NEP) 2020] The book includes discussions on value concepts, ethical aspects of marketing decisions, and sustainable marketing in line with the NEP • [Practical Exercises] Each chapter ends with case-based practical exercises that enhance understanding and application of marketing concepts in real-world scenarios • [Pedagogical Features] The book includes discussion questions, relevant pictures, product advertisements, figures, tables, and flow charts to support and enrich the learning experience • [Case Studies] Real-world case studies from various industries provide practical insights into marketing practices and strategies • [Segmentation | Targeting | Positioning] Detailed understanding of market segmentation, targeting, and positioning helps students understand how companies can strategically place their products in the market • [Marketing Mix] In-depth discussion on the marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) with examples and case studies to illustrate the application of these concepts • [Consumer Behaviour] Comprehensive analysis of consumer behaviour, buying processes, and factors influencing buying decisions • [New Product Development] Detailed explanation of the new product development process and the stages of the product life cycle, with corresponding marketing strategies • [Ethical and Sustainable Marketing] Coverage of ethics in marketing, evolution of green marketing, and sustainable marketing practices. • [Relationship Marketing] Understanding of relationship marketing concepts, focusing on building long-term customer relationships • [Digital Marketing] Inclusion of modern marketing developments, such as digital marketing, social media marketing, and integrated marketing communication • [Holistic Approach] The book adopts a holistic approach, integrating traditional and modern marketing concepts to provide a well-rounded perspective • [Resource for Practitioners] In addition to being a valuable academic resource, the book is also relevant for marketing professionals seeking to enhance their conceptual understanding and practical skills The detailed contents of this book are as follows: • Introduction to Marketing o Basics of Marketing § This chapter lays the groundwork for understanding marketing by introducing its fundamental concepts. It explains marketing, its nature, and scope, highlighting its crucial role in modern business. The chapter discusses the importance of marketing in creating customer value and building customer relationships. It differentiates between selling (focusing on transactions) and marketing (emphasising relationships). The concept of the marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) is elaborated, including the unique aspects of services marketing, which adds three more Ps (People, Process, Physical evidence) § Real-life examples and case studies on Britannia and Apollo Hospitals illustrate these concepts, providing context and practical insights. § Practical exercises at the end of the chapter help students reinforce their learning through application o Marketing Environment § Understanding the marketing environment is critical for developing effective marketing strategies. This chapter analyses the microenvironment (factors close to the company, such as suppliers, customers, competitors, and the public) and the macroenvironment (broader societal forces, such as demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural factors) that impact a business. By analysing these environments, businesses can anticipate and respond to changes that affect their ability to serve customers § The chapter includes a detailed case study on Nestle, providing insights into how a global company navigates its marketing environment § Discussion questions and practical exercises help students apply environmental analysis concepts to real-world scenarios • Market Selection o Consumer Behaviour § This chapter discusses the importance of understanding consumer behaviour for effective marketing. It examines the consumer buying process, which includes need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behaviour. Factors influencing consumer decisions, such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors, are discussed in detail § Real-world examples, like Gillette, illustrate how companies leverage consumer behaviour insights to design their marketing strategies § Practical exercises at the end of the chapter enable students to apply their knowledge and better understand consumer behaviour o Market Selection – Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning § Segmentation, targeting, and positioning (STP) are critical for achieving competitive advantage. This chapter explains the target marketing process, starting with market segmentation, where markets are divided into groups based on common characteristics. It discusses bases for segmenting consumer and business markets, such as geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioural criteria. The chapter then moves to market targeting, where companies evaluate and select target market segments, and positioning, where they develop a positioning strategy to differentiate their offerings in the minds of target customers § Case studies, like that of Airtel, provide practical insights, and exercises help students apply STP concepts • Marketing Decisions Related to Product o Product Decisions § Product decisions are central to delivering value to customers. This chapter covers various aspects of product management, including levels of products (core, actual, and augmented), product classifications, and product-mix decisions (product lines and product items). Branding and brand building are discussed, highlighting strategies for creating strong brands. The chapter also covers packaging and labelling, emphasising their roles in marketing § The case study on Patanjali provides a practical example of product decisions in action § Exercises at the end of the chapter help students apply these concepts o New Product Development § Innovation and new product development are crucial for business growth. This chapter outlines the stages of the new product development process: idea generation, idea screening, concept development and testing, marketing strategy development, business analysis, product development, test marketing, and commercialisation. It also discusses the product life cycle (PLC) and marketing strategies for different PLC stages (introduction, growth, maturity, and decline) § The Toyota case study illustrates how a leading company manages new product development § Practical exercises provide hands-on experience with these processes • Marketing Decisions Related to Pricing and Distribution o Pricing Decisions § Pricing is a critical factor affecting a product's market success. This chapter discusses the significance of pricing, various pricing objectives (such as profit maximisation and market penetration), and factors influencing pricing decisions (costs, demand, competition, and legal considerations). It analyses major pricing methods (cost-based, value-based, and competition-based pricing) and pricing strategies (such as skimming and penetration). Ethical issues in pricing, including price discrimination and predatory pricing, are also examined § The Starbucks case study provides a real-world example of pricing strategies § Practical exercises reinforce the concepts learned o Distribution Decisions § Effective distribution ensures that products reach consumers efficiently. This chapter covers the meaning and importance of distribution channels, types of channels (direct and indirect), and factors affecting channel choice. It discusses major distribution strategies, including intensive, selective, and exclusive distribution. The concept of distribution logistics, which involves managing the physical flow of products, is also analysed § The case study on Pepsi International illustrates practical distribution strategies § Exercises help students apply theoretical knowledge to real-world distribution decisions o Retailing § Retailing is a vital marketing mix component, connecting producers with consumers. This chapter examines different types of retailing, including store-based retailing (e.g., supermarkets, speciality stores) and non-store-based retailing (e.g., e-commerce, direct selling). It provides an overview of retail management, covering store layout, merchandising, and customer service. The changing retail scenario in India, driven by factors such as economic growth and technological advancements, is also discussed § The BPCL case study provides insights into retailing strategies § Practical exercises enhance students' understanding of retail management • Marketing Decisions Related to Promotion and New Developments o Promotion Decisions § Promotion involves communicating value to customers. This chapter covers various promotion mix tools, including advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing. It discusses factors affecting promotion mix decisions and the concept of integrated marketing communication (IMC), which ensures consistent messaging across all promotional channels. The chapter also highlights the growing importance of digital and social media marketing § The Maggi case study provides practical insights into promotion strategies § Exercises at the end of the chapter help students apply promotion concepts o Relationship Marketing § Building long-term customer relationships is essential for sustained business success. This chapter analyses the dimensions and scope of relationship marketing, focusing on developing and maintaining strong customer relationships. It discusses the benefits of relationship marketing, such as increased customer loyalty and advocacy. A collaborative approach to relationship marketing, involving partnerships with suppliers and other stakeholders, is also examined § The chapter includes a case study and practical exercises to deepen students' understanding of relationship marketing o Developments in Marketing § This chapter addresses new and emerging developments in marketing. It covers the importance of ethics in marketing, discussing issues such as deceptive advertising and consumer privacy. The evolution of green and sustainable marketing practices is analysed, highlighting their significance in today's business environment. The chapter also examines rural marketing, social marketing, and digital marketing, providing insights into their unique challenges and opportunities § Case studies and practical exercises offer real-world applications of these concepts, helping students stay updated with current marketing trends and practices
This book gives an easy understanding of financial management and related concepts in the simplest manner and also the students of streams related to management like bba, b.com, mba, m.com, and bbm can use this book as guidance but it should not be the only source of reliance. this book just simplifies the concept.
This book contains high-quality research articles and reviews that promote research and reflect the most recent advances in intelligent wavelet based techniques for advanced multimedia applications as well as other emerging areas. In recent time, wavelet transforms have become useful in many signal, image and video processing applications, especially for multimedia security and surveillance. A few applications of wavelets in security and surveillance are watermarking, fusion, steganography, object detection, tracking, motion recognition and intention recognition, etc. Wavelets are well capable of analyzing signal, image and video at different resolution levels, popularly known as multiresolution analysis. The multiresolution analysis is advantageous in multimedia security and surveillance applications. It provides flexibility in selection of different resolution levels that leads to better accuracy. Furthermore, recently sparse representation has become an advancement to analyze wavelet coefficients. It is observed that wavelet transforms possess the invariance property which makes them suitable for many vision applications. This book provides a concise overview of the current state of the art and disseminates some of the novel and exciting ideas and techniques. In addition, it is also helpful for the senior undergraduate and graduate students, researcher, academicians, IT professional and providers, citizens, customers as well as policy makers working in this area as well as other emerging applications demanding state-of-the-art wavelet based multimedia applications.
A succinct account of various routinely experienced pathologies and suitable images has been presented as approximately162 case studies. The cases are structured into thematic chapters with an integrated approach to basic learning. Each case study follows a similar format with a brief clinical presentation, relevant imaging findings, discussion with differential diagnosis, management, and suggested readings. This book focuses on the pointwise description of cases routinely encountered in abdominopelvic imaging that help students, trainees and radiologists to write certificate examinations. Key Features: Presents chapters in the form of case studies, along with a brief illustrative description of normal anatomy and abnormal findings. Uses image-based quizzes for easy comprehension for trainees, residents, and practicing radiologists. Incorporates pivotal cases from the hepatobiliary, pancreatic, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal systems in a single book.
Micro and nano devices are an integral part of modern technology. To address the requirements of the state-of-the-art technology, topics are selected from both chip-based and flexible electronics. A wide range of carbon materials including graphene, carbon nanotube, glass-like carbon, porous carbon, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanofiber, laser-patterned carbon and heteroatom containing carbon are covered. This goal is to elucidate fundamental carbon material science along with compatible micro- and nanofabrication techniques. Real-life example of sensors, energy storage and generation devices, MEMS, NEMS and implantable bioelectronics enable visualization of the outcome of described processes. Students will also benefit from the attractive aspects of carbon science explained in simple terms. Hybridization, allotrope classification and microstructural models are presented with a whole new outlook. Discussions on less-studied, hypothetical and undiscovered carbon forms render the contents futuristic and highly appealing.
The book is developed to provide a comprehensive understanding of marketing practices. It discusses the core marketing concepts, drawing from extensive literature, real-world examples, and case studies. All cases and examples are contextualised within the Indian market, providing relevant and relatable analysis. It introduces value concepts and reorients the discussion on marketing mix decisions, incorporating ethical considerations. Additionally, it covers sustainable marketing, aligning with the undergraduate curriculum requirements under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Case-based practical exercises are included at the end of each chapter to deepen the understanding of various concepts. The book benefits undergraduate and graduate students pursuing degrees in commerce, business administration, and related fields, which aligns with NEP 2020. It is also valuable for marketing professionals seeking to deepen their understanding of marketing principles and stay updated with current trends, including sustainable and digital marketing. Additionally, business professionals aiming to enhance their strategic decision-making will find the insights in this book advantageous. Educators can use it as a comprehensive textbook to support their teaching of marketing concepts. The Present Publication is the 3rd Edition, authored by Prof. (Dr) Kavita Sharma and Dr Swati Aggarwal. The noteworthy features of this book are as follows: • [Comprehensive Coverage] The book covers all fundamental and advanced topics in marketing, catering to the learning needs of undergraduate and graduate-level courses • [Indian Context] All examples and case studies are contextualised within the Indian market, making the content highly relevant and relatable for students in India • [Updated Content—National Education Policy (NEP) 2020] The book includes discussions on value concepts, ethical aspects of marketing decisions, and sustainable marketing in line with the NEP • [Practical Exercises] Each chapter ends with case-based practical exercises that enhance understanding and application of marketing concepts in real-world scenarios • [Pedagogical Features] The book includes discussion questions, relevant pictures, product advertisements, figures, tables, and flow charts to support and enrich the learning experience • [Case Studies] Real-world case studies from various industries provide practical insights into marketing practices and strategies • [Segmentation | Targeting | Positioning] Detailed understanding of market segmentation, targeting, and positioning helps students understand how companies can strategically place their products in the market • [Marketing Mix] In-depth discussion on the marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) with examples and case studies to illustrate the application of these concepts • [Consumer Behaviour] Comprehensive analysis of consumer behaviour, buying processes, and factors influencing buying decisions • [New Product Development] Detailed explanation of the new product development process and the stages of the product life cycle, with corresponding marketing strategies • [Ethical and Sustainable Marketing] Coverage of ethics in marketing, evolution of green marketing, and sustainable marketing practices. • [Relationship Marketing] Understanding of relationship marketing concepts, focusing on building long-term customer relationships • [Digital Marketing] Inclusion of modern marketing developments, such as digital marketing, social media marketing, and integrated marketing communication • [Holistic Approach] The book adopts a holistic approach, integrating traditional and modern marketing concepts to provide a well-rounded perspective • [Resource for Practitioners] In addition to being a valuable academic resource, the book is also relevant for marketing professionals seeking to enhance their conceptual understanding and practical skills The detailed contents of this book are as follows: • Introduction to Marketing o Basics of Marketing § This chapter lays the groundwork for understanding marketing by introducing its fundamental concepts. It explains marketing, its nature, and scope, highlighting its crucial role in modern business. The chapter discusses the importance of marketing in creating customer value and building customer relationships. It differentiates between selling (focusing on transactions) and marketing (emphasising relationships). The concept of the marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) is elaborated, including the unique aspects of services marketing, which adds three more Ps (People, Process, Physical evidence) § Real-life examples and case studies on Britannia and Apollo Hospitals illustrate these concepts, providing context and practical insights. § Practical exercises at the end of the chapter help students reinforce their learning through application o Marketing Environment § Understanding the marketing environment is critical for developing effective marketing strategies. This chapter analyses the microenvironment (factors close to the company, such as suppliers, customers, competitors, and the public) and the macroenvironment (broader societal forces, such as demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural factors) that impact a business. By analysing these environments, businesses can anticipate and respond to changes that affect their ability to serve customers § The chapter includes a detailed case study on Nestle, providing insights into how a global company navigates its marketing environment § Discussion questions and practical exercises help students apply environmental analysis concepts to real-world scenarios • Market Selection o Consumer Behaviour § This chapter discusses the importance of understanding consumer behaviour for effective marketing. It examines the consumer buying process, which includes need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behaviour. Factors influencing consumer decisions, such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors, are discussed in detail § Real-world examples, like Gillette, illustrate how companies leverage consumer behaviour insights to design their marketing strategies § Practical exercises at the end of the chapter enable students to apply their knowledge and better understand consumer behaviour o Market Selection – Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning § Segmentation, targeting, and positioning (STP) are critical for achieving competitive advantage. This chapter explains the target marketing process, starting with market segmentation, where markets are divided into groups based on common characteristics. It discusses bases for segmenting consumer and business markets, such as geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioural criteria. The chapter then moves to market targeting, where companies evaluate and select target market segments, and positioning, where they develop a positioning strategy to differentiate their offerings in the minds of target customers § Case studies, like that of Airtel, provide practical insights, and exercises help students apply STP concepts • Marketing Decisions Related to Product o Product Decisions § Product decisions are central to delivering value to customers. This chapter covers various aspects of product management, including levels of products (core, actual, and augmented), product classifications, and product-mix decisions (product lines and product items). Branding and brand building are discussed, highlighting strategies for creating strong brands. The chapter also covers packaging and labelling, emphasising their roles in marketing § The case study on Patanjali provides a practical example of product decisions in action § Exercises at the end of the chapter help students apply these concepts o New Product Development § Innovation and new product development are crucial for business growth. This chapter outlines the stages of the new product development process: idea generation, idea screening, concept development and testing, marketing strategy development, business analysis, product development, test marketing, and commercialisation. It also discusses the product life cycle (PLC) and marketing strategies for different PLC stages (introduction, growth, maturity, and decline) § The Toyota case study illustrates how a leading company manages new product development § Practical exercises provide hands-on experience with these processes • Marketing Decisions Related to Pricing and Distribution o Pricing Decisions § Pricing is a critical factor affecting a product's market success. This chapter discusses the significance of pricing, various pricing objectives (such as profit maximisation and market penetration), and factors influencing pricing decisions (costs, demand, competition, and legal considerations). It analyses major pricing methods (cost-based, value-based, and competition-based pricing) and pricing strategies (such as skimming and penetration). Ethical issues in pricing, including price discrimination and predatory pricing, are also examined § The Starbucks case study provides a real-world example of pricing strategies § Practical exercises reinforce the concepts learned o Distribution Decisions § Effective distribution ensures that products reach consumers efficiently. This chapter covers the meaning and importance of distribution channels, types of channels (direct and indirect), and factors affecting channel choice. It discusses major distribution strategies, including intensive, selective, and exclusive distribution. The concept of distribution logistics, which involves managing the physical flow of products, is also analysed § The case study on Pepsi International illustrates practical distribution strategies § Exercises help students apply theoretical knowledge to real-world distribution decisions o Retailing § Retailing is a vital marketing mix component, connecting producers with consumers. This chapter examines different types of retailing, including store-based retailing (e.g., supermarkets, speciality stores) and non-store-based retailing (e.g., e-commerce, direct selling). It provides an overview of retail management, covering store layout, merchandising, and customer service. The changing retail scenario in India, driven by factors such as economic growth and technological advancements, is also discussed § The BPCL case study provides insights into retailing strategies § Practical exercises enhance students' understanding of retail management • Marketing Decisions Related to Promotion and New Developments o Promotion Decisions § Promotion involves communicating value to customers. This chapter covers various promotion mix tools, including advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing. It discusses factors affecting promotion mix decisions and the concept of integrated marketing communication (IMC), which ensures consistent messaging across all promotional channels. The chapter also highlights the growing importance of digital and social media marketing § The Maggi case study provides practical insights into promotion strategies § Exercises at the end of the chapter help students apply promotion concepts o Relationship Marketing § Building long-term customer relationships is essential for sustained business success. This chapter analyses the dimensions and scope of relationship marketing, focusing on developing and maintaining strong customer relationships. It discusses the benefits of relationship marketing, such as increased customer loyalty and advocacy. A collaborative approach to relationship marketing, involving partnerships with suppliers and other stakeholders, is also examined § The chapter includes a case study and practical exercises to deepen students' understanding of relationship marketing o Developments in Marketing § This chapter addresses new and emerging developments in marketing. It covers the importance of ethics in marketing, discussing issues such as deceptive advertising and consumer privacy. The evolution of green and sustainable marketing practices is analysed, highlighting their significance in today's business environment. The chapter also examines rural marketing, social marketing, and digital marketing, providing insights into their unique challenges and opportunities § Case studies and practical exercises offer real-world applications of these concepts, helping students stay updated with current marketing trends and practices
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