MRI Atlas of Human White Matter presents an atlas to the human brain on the basis of T 1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. A general background on magnetic resonance imaging is provided, as well as the basics of diffusion tensor imaging. An overview of the principles and limitations in using this methodology in fiber tracking is included. This book describes the core white-matter structures, as well as the superficial white matter, the deep gray matter, and the cortex. It also presents a three-dimensional reconstruction and atlas of the brain white-matter tracts. The Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates, which are the most widely used, are adopted in this book as the primary coordinate system. The Talairach coordinate system is used as the secondary coordinate system. Based on magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, the book offers a full segmentation of 220 white-matter and gray-matter structures with boundaries. - Visualization of brain white matter anatomy via 3D diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) contrasts and enhances relationship of anatomy to function - Full segmentation of 170+ brain regions more clearly defines structure boundaries than previous point-and-annotate anatomical labeling, and connectivity is mapped in a way not provided by traditional atlases
The concept of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is often difficult to grasp, even for Magnetic Resonance physicists. Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging uses extensive illustrations (not equations) to help readers to understand how DTI works. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of DTI images, the design of DTI experiments, and the forms of application studies. The theory of DTI is constantly evolving and so there is a need for a textbook that explains how the technique works in a way that is easy to understand - Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging fills this gap.* Uses extensive illustrations to explain the concept of Diffusion Tensor Imaging* Easy to understand, even without a background in physics* Includes sections on image interpretation, experimental design and applications
Recent advances in modern imaging techniques that can be used non-invasively for the visualization of the human brain have greatly enhanced the knowledge of brain anatomy and the understanding of its relationship to brain function. A unique new MRI modality, called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows the three-dimensional study of the large white matter (WM) fiber bundles at macroscopic resolution (millimeter scale). MRI Atlas of Human White Matter provides a three-dimensional and two-dimensional in vivo atlas of various white matter tracts in the human brain. The images are based on diffusion tensor imaging and various tracts are reconstructed three-dimensionally from the data. Following an introduction and description of the methodology (Chapters 1 and 2), the 3D anatomy of individual tracts is delineated in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 consists of a series of color-coded orientation maps to delineate white matter anatomy in a slice-by-slice manner, in which the structures are extensively annotated. This richly illustrated Atlas is a valuable resource for students studying white matter anatomy and researchers working in brain research and radiology. This book also provides the structural assignment, which will assist neuroradiologists when interpreting diffusion tensor images in routine clinical studies.* Contains information demonstrating the clear separation of grey matter and white matter structures in the living human brain* 3D white matter tract reconstruction, with extensive 2D panels in all three viewing angles* Comprehensive annotations of white matter structures
A description of the design principles, seen mainly from the fabrication point of view. Following a review of the historical development and of the materials used in lasing at short to long wavelengths, the book goes on to discuss the basic design principles for semiconductor-laser devices and the epitaxy for laser production. One entire chapter is devoted to the technology of liquid-phase epitaxy, while another treats vapor-phase and beam epitaxies. The whole is rounded off with mode-control techniques and an introduction to surface-emitting lasers.
This volume includes 41 revised papers selected from 125 papers presented at the th 6 IFIP Technical Committee 5/Working Group 5.7 International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems - APMS'96 -held at Kyoto, Japan, 4-6 November 1996. The task of selecting papers was accomplished by the IPC members voting. The selected papers were reviewed by IPC members who attended the conference. Based on the comments of reviewers, each paper was revised and rewritten in the format of this book. Therefore, the quality of each paper was raised very much. The papers selected in this volume were classified into invited articles and six themes taking into account the perspectives and future challenges in production management systems. Invited articles provide the overview of the present and future trend in the manufacturing world. Six themes were Next Generation Manufacturing Systems and Production Management, Benchmarking, Integration in Manufacturing and Decentralized Production Management, Strategic Aspects, Production Planning, and Production Scheduling. Each theme covers important area of present and future production management reflecting the recent trend in manufacturing toward globalization, agility in variety production, human centered manufacturing, environment consciousness, and so on. We hope that this volume will emerge a lot of new ideas to reach the goal of IFIP WG5.7 "Computer Aided Production Management" and to bridge the gap between research and industrial practice in production management systems.
The book is organized into two parts: the first part covers (i) the precious lessons obtained from recent actual tsunami disasters including the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster, (ii) fundamental knowledge of tsunami for our survival, and (iii) concludes the lessons learnt and listing measures for tsunami disaster mitigation for saving human lives. The second part presents tsunami from academic perspective in two chapters: one describes tsunami occurrence mechanism and near-shore behavior; the other mentions numerical simulation and forecasting of tsunami.
This unique book develops an operational approach to preference and rationality as the author employs operators over binary relations to capture the concept of rationality. A preference is a basis of individual behavior and social judgment and is mathematically regarded as a binary relation on the set of alternatives. Traditionally, an individual/social preference is assumed to satisfy completeness and transitivity. However, each of the two conditions is often considered to be too demanding; and then, weaker rationality conditions are introduced by researchers. This book argues that the preference rationality conditions can be captured mathematically by “operators,” which are mappings from the set of operators to itself. This operational approach nests traditional concepts in individual/social decision theory and clarifies the underlying formal structure of preference rationality. The author also applies his approach to welfare economics. The core problem of ‘new welfare economics,’ developed by Kaldor, Hicks, and Samuelson, is the rationality of social preference. In this book the author translates the social criteria proposed by those three economists into operational forms, which provide new insights into welfare economics extending beyond ‘new welfare economics.’
The concept of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is often difficult to grasp, even for Magnetic Resonance physicists. Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging uses extensive illustrations (not equations) to help readers to understand how DTI works. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of DTI images, the design of DTI experiments, and the forms of application studies. The theory of DTI is constantly evolving and so there is a need for a textbook that explains how the technique works in a way that is easy to understand - Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging fills this gap. * Uses extensive illustrations to explain the concept of Diffusion Tensor Imaging * Easy to understand, even without a background in physics * Includes sections on image interpretation, experimental design and applications
MRI Atlas of Human White Matter presents an atlas to the human brain on the basis of T 1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. A general background on magnetic resonance imaging is provided, as well as the basics of diffusion tensor imaging. An overview of the principles and limitations in using this methodology in fiber tracking is included. This book describes the core white-matter structures, as well as the superficial white matter, the deep gray matter, and the cortex. It also presents a three-dimensional reconstruction and atlas of the brain white-matter tracts. The Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates, which are the most widely used, are adopted in this book as the primary coordinate system. The Talairach coordinate system is used as the secondary coordinate system. Based on magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, the book offers a full segmentation of 220 white-matter and gray-matter structures with boundaries. - Visualization of brain white matter anatomy via 3D diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) contrasts and enhances relationship of anatomy to function - Full segmentation of 170+ brain regions more clearly defines structure boundaries than previous point-and-annotate anatomical labeling, and connectivity is mapped in a way not provided by traditional atlases
Recent advances in modern imaging techniques that can be used non-invasively for the visualization of the human brain have greatly enhanced the knowledge of brain anatomy and the understanding of its relationship to brain function. A unique new MRI modality, called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows the three-dimensional study of the large white matter (WM) fiber bundles at macroscopic resolution (millimeter scale). MRI Atlas of Human White Matter provides a three-dimensional and two-dimensional in vivo atlas of various white matter tracts in the human brain. The images are based on diffusion tensor imaging and various tracts are reconstructed three-dimensionally from the data. Following an introduction and description of the methodology (Chapters 1 and 2), the 3D anatomy of individual tracts is delineated in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 consists of a series of color-coded orientation maps to delineate white matter anatomy in a slice-by-slice manner, in which the structures are extensively annotated. This richly illustrated Atlas is a valuable resource for students studying white matter anatomy and researchers working in brain research and radiology. This book also provides the structural assignment, which will assist neuroradiologists when interpreting diffusion tensor images in routine clinical studies.* Contains information demonstrating the clear separation of grey matter and white matter structures in the living human brain* 3D white matter tract reconstruction, with extensive 2D panels in all three viewing angles* Comprehensive annotations of white matter structures
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