This book provides an interdisciplinary introduction to the notion of fractal time, starting from scratch with a philosophical and perceptual puzzle. How subjective duration varies, depending on the way we embed current content into contexts, is explained. The complexity of our temporal perspective depends on the number of nestings performed, i.e. on the number of contexts taken into account. This temporal contextualization is described against the background of the notion of fractal time. Our temporal interface, the Now, is portrayed as a fractal structure which arises from the distribution of content and contexts in two dimensions: the length and the depth of time. The leitmotif of the book is the notion of simultaneity, which determines the temporal structure of our interfaces. Recent research results are described which present and discuss a number of distorted temporal perspectives. It is suggested that dynamical diseases arise from unsuccessful nesting attempts, i.e. from failed contextualization. Successful nesting, by contrast, manifests itself in a "win-win handshake" between the observer-participant and his chosen context. The answer as to why a watched kettle never boils has repercussions in many a discipline. It would be of immense interest to anyone who works in the fields of cognitive and complexity sciences, psychology and the neurosciences, social medicine, philosophy and the arts.
Niveau A2 bis C1 Nach Themengebieten geordnet finden sich im Großen Lernwortschatz Business English die wichtigsten Vokabeln und Redewendungen, um beispielsweise Import/Export-Geschäfte effizient abzuwickeln, die Jahresbilanz in gutem Englisch zu präsentieren oder eine Konferenz reibungslos über die Bühne zu bringen. Der topaktuelle Wortschatz von über 10.000 Wörtern wird jeweils im Zusammenhang mit Beispielsätzen abgebildet und ins Deutsche übersetzt, so dass leicht verständlich und systematisch die englische Fachterminologie gelernt werden kann.
Voraussetzungen: Solides Basiswissen. Zielgruppe: Kaufmännische Schulen, Wirtschaftsstudenten, Fachübersetzer; erwachsene Lerner und Berufstätige, die sich englische Wirtschaftsterminologie aneignen möchten. Lernziel: Wiederholung von Grundbegriffen aus dem Wirtschaftsbereich und gleichzeitig systematischer Aufbau einer englischen Fachterminologie. Aufbau und Inhalt: Über 10.000 Wörter und Wortverbindungen in Beispielsätzen erläutert und jeweils ins Deutsche übersetzt. 16 Kapitel mit 80 wirtschaftbezogenen Themen wie Firma, Dienstleistungen, Finanzen, Werbung, Import / Export, Korrespondenz, Computer. - Der Wortschatz wird im Zusammenhang gelernt: Wortfelder und verwandte Begriffe sind unter leicht nachschlagbaren Schlüsselwörtern aufgeführt. - Hohe Aktualität durch Berücksichtigung u. a. von Web-Terminologie und E-Mail-Korrespondenz. - Wiederkehrende Rubrik FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) mit Informationen zu sprachlichen und wirtschaftsbezogenen Fragen. - Hinweise auf Amerikanisches Englisch. - Anhang mit Musterbriefen und Faxen sowie einer Liste von wirtschaftlichen Abkürzungen. - Alphabetisches Register der englischen Wörter. Auch lieferbar für die Sprachen: Englisch (978-3-19-009493-6) Französisch (978-3-19-019493-3) Italienisch (978-3-19-039493-7) Portugiesisch (978-3-19-006380-2) und Spanisch (978-3-19-029493-0).
Pt. I. Observer perspectives: epistemological background. 1. Fractal time: extended observer perspectives / S. Vrobel. 2. Mirror neurons: evidence for the great simulator and Vrobelism / O.E. Rössler. 3. The concept of now in Dogen's philosophy / M.E. Luetchford. 4. Systems and observers from a holistic viewpoint / F.-G. Winkler. 5. A systems-theoretical generalization of non-local correlations / N. von Stillfried. 6. Brain time and physical time / U. Fidelman -- pt. II. Identifying temporal observer perspectives. 7. Simultaneity in emotional moments / G.L. Clore. 8. On time experience in depression / H.M. Emrich, C. Bonnemann and D.E. Dietrich. 9. Contextualization: memory formation and retrieval in a nested environment / M. Piefke and H.J. Markowitsch. Complexity and emergent temporal structure / P.M. Allen. 11. Ordinate logics of living systems / J. LR. Chandler. 12. Skill learning, brain engagement, context and the arts / M.F. Gardiner. 13. Utilizing fractal time / T. Marks-Tarlow -- pt. III. Disentangling temporal simultaneous contrasts. 14. Relativity of scales: application to an endo-perspective of temporal structures / L. Nottale and P. Timar. 15. Unpacking simultaneity for differing observer perspectives and qualities of environment / B. Seaman. 16. Circumcising the void: (de)contextualising in complex Lacanian psychoanalysis / D. De Grave. 17. A review of Flicker-Noise spectroscopy: information in chaotic signals / S.F. Timashev and Y.S. Polyakov. 18. Hidden perspectives in emergent structures produced by neural networks / R. Pavloski. 19. Modeling common-sense decisions / M. Zak -- pt. IV. Synchronization. 20. Synchrony in Dyadic psychotherapy sessions / F. Ramseyer and W. Tschacher. 21. Temporal perspective from auditory perception / G. Baier and T. Hermann. 22. Perception of simultaneous auditive contents / C. Tschinkel. 23. Computer simulations as hidden time-ecologies / G. Koehler. 24. Anti-flaring: how to prevent the market from overheating / A.P. Schmidt and O.E. Rössler. 25. Leveraging the future - existence of a new endo-reality in economics / A.P. Schmidt and O.E. Rössler. 26. Endonomics: looking behind the economic curtain / A.P. Schmidt and O.E. Rössler. 27. Possible quantum absorber effects in cortical synchronization / U. Kämpf. 28. Time and timing in our body and life / O. van Nieuwenhuijze
This book is concerned with the notion of strong anticipation. Clearly defined necessary and sufficient conditions are laid out.The focus lies on strong anticipation as delay and distance compensation (as in temporal recalibration and synchronization of coupled systems). Of particular interest are delays which correspond to a boundary shift between a systemic whole and its context. Such boundary shifts result from assignment conditions which determine what belongs to the systemic whole and what belongs to its context. Delay and distance compensation is described, along with long-range correlations, against the background of a theory of time capable of describing anticipative systems. My Theory of Fractal Time describes anticipatory systems in terms of two temporal dimensions: succession and simultaneity, which are defined and measured in Δtdepth, Δtlength and Δtdensity. These extensions form an extended present and allow a quantified comparison of obserpants' (observer-participants') temporal interfaces. Compensated delays are revealed as phenomenal blind spots, which result in a new kind of relativity: What may be compensated for obserpant A is delayed for obserpant B.Compensated delays are ubiquitous and can be found in both cognitive and physical processes. Examples are temporal recalibration to restore degraded visuomotor adaptation, coupling environment and brain, biosemiotics and homeostatic processes, dynamical diseases, embedded and situated robots, control loops with inserted or removed delays, cellular automata, analog and digital notions of trust, transitional objects and potential spaces, our perception of time and judgement of duration. It is proposed that compensated delays emerge as natural laws.
Pt. I. Observer perspectives: epistemological background. 1. Fractal time: extended observer perspectives / S. Vrobel. 2. Mirror neurons: evidence for the great simulator and Vrobelism / O.E. Rössler. 3. The concept of now in Dogen's philosophy / M.E. Luetchford. 4. Systems and observers from a holistic viewpoint / F.-G. Winkler. 5. A systems-theoretical generalization of non-local correlations / N. von Stillfried. 6. Brain time and physical time / U. Fidelman -- pt. II. Identifying temporal observer perspectives. 7. Simultaneity in emotional moments / G.L. Clore. 8. On time experience in depression / H.M. Emrich, C. Bonnemann and D.E. Dietrich. 9. Contextualization: memory formation and retrieval in a nested environment / M. Piefke and H.J. Markowitsch. Complexity and emergent temporal structure / P.M. Allen. 11. Ordinate logics of living systems / J. LR. Chandler. 12. Skill learning, brain engagement, context and the arts / M.F. Gardiner. 13. Utilizing fractal time / T. Marks-Tarlow -- pt. III. Disentangling temporal simultaneous contrasts. 14. Relativity of scales: application to an endo-perspective of temporal structures / L. Nottale and P. Timar. 15. Unpacking simultaneity for differing observer perspectives and qualities of environment / B. Seaman. 16. Circumcising the void: (de)contextualising in complex Lacanian psychoanalysis / D. De Grave. 17. A review of Flicker-Noise spectroscopy: information in chaotic signals / S.F. Timashev and Y.S. Polyakov. 18. Hidden perspectives in emergent structures produced by neural networks / R. Pavloski. 19. Modeling common-sense decisions / M. Zak -- pt. IV. Synchronization. 20. Synchrony in Dyadic psychotherapy sessions / F. Ramseyer and W. Tschacher. 21. Temporal perspective from auditory perception / G. Baier and T. Hermann. 22. Perception of simultaneous auditive contents / C. Tschinkel. 23. Computer simulations as hidden time-ecologies / G. Koehler. 24. Anti-flaring: how to prevent the market from overheating / A.P. Schmidt and O.E. Rössler. 25. Leveraging the future - existence of a new endo-reality in economics / A.P. Schmidt and O.E. Rössler. 26. Endonomics: looking behind the economic curtain / A.P. Schmidt and O.E. Rössler. 27. Possible quantum absorber effects in cortical synchronization / U. Kämpf. 28. Time and timing in our body and life / O. van Nieuwenhuijze
This book provides an interdisciplinary introduction to the notion of fractal time, starting from scratch with a philosophical and perceptual puzzle. How subjective duration varies, depending on the way we embed current content into contexts, is explained.The complexity of our temporal perspective depends on the number of nestings performed, i.e. on the number of contexts taken into account. This temporal contextualization is described against the background of the notion of fractal time. Our temporal interface, the Now, is portrayed as a fractal structure which arises from the distribution of content and contexts in two dimensions: the length and the depth of time. The leitmotif of the book is the notion of simultaneity, which determines the temporal structure of our interfaces. Recent research results are described which present and discuss a number of distorted temporal perspectives. It is suggested that dynamical diseases arise from unsuccessful nesting attempts, i.e. from failed contextualization. Successful nesting, by contrast, manifests itself in a “win-win handshake” between the observer-participant and his chosen context. The answer as to why a watched kettle never boils has repercussions in many a discipline. It would be of immense interest to anyone who works in the fields of cognitive and complexity sciences, psychology and the neurosciences, social medicine, philosophy and the arts.
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