This book provides a concise yet comprehensive guide to Wikipedia for researchers and students of linguistics, discourse and communication studies, redressing the gap in research on Wikipedia in these fields and encouraging scholars to explore Wikipedia further as a platform and a medium. Drawing on Herring's situational and medium factors, as well as related developments in (critical) discourse studies, the author studies the online encyclopaedia both theoretically and empirically, examining its origins, production and consumption before turning to a discussion of its societal significance and function(s). This book will be of interest to Wikipedia scholars from a range of disciplines, as well as those with a broader interest in linguistics, discourse studies and the digital humanities.
This book addresses an under-researched area within populism studies: the discourse of supporters of populist parties. Taking the 2019 European elections as their case study, the authors analyse how supporters in eleven different countries construct identities and voting motivations on social media. The individual chapters comprise a range of methods to investigate data from different social media platforms, defining populism as a political strategy and/or practice, realised in discourse, that is based on a dichotomy between “the people”, who are unified by their will, and an out-group whose actions are not in the interest of the people, with a leader safeguarding the interests of the people against the out-group. The book identifies what motivates people to vote for populist parties, what role national identities and values play in those motivations, and how the social media postings of populist parties are recontextualised in supporters’ comments to serve as a voting motivation.
This book provides a concise yet comprehensive guide to Wikipedia for researchers and students of linguistics, discourse and communication studies, redressing the gap in research on Wikipedia in these fields and encouraging scholars to explore Wikipedia further as a platform and a medium. Drawing on Herring's situational and medium factors, as well as related developments in (critical) discourse studies, the author studies the online encyclopaedia both theoretically and empirically, examining its origins, production and consumption before turning to a discussion of its societal significance and function(s). This book will be of interest to Wikipedia scholars from a range of disciplines, as well as those with a broader interest in linguistics, discourse studies and the digital humanities.
Kenntnisse has been devised to meet the needs of modern courses in advanced German for students at undergraduate level. It is a highly flexible resource and can be used as core teaching material or as a supplementary text.
The Ritual of Aštu, a text found at the Hittite Capital of Hattuša, shows strong influence from southern Anatolia and describes a Hurrian-Hittite ritual against witchcraft and sorcery. The following study provides detailed philological treatment of the 13th-century fragments found at Hattuša, from which the ritual is known, including transcription, translation, and commentary of all manuscripts, as well as special emphasis on the Hurrian passages of the ritual. Reconstruction of the more fragmentary sections is undertaken through comparison to other rituals. The study concludes with an analysis of Anatolian, Luwian, and Kizzuwatnaian influences evident in the ritual, and affords, in sum, valuable additions to the study of the nature of Hittite archives, and the development of ritual texts. “I firmly believe that works like this are essential to creating the dialogue that is necessary for the progress of our understanding of Hurrian. Görke’s treatment of the various texts and her discussions of many aspects of the ritual will prove very useful to scholars working on Hurro-Hittite religion.” Dennis R.M. Campbell, San Francisco State University
Creole languages are characteristically associated with a negative image. How has this prestige been formed? And is it as static as the diglossic situation in many anglo-creolophone societies seems to suggest? This volume examines socio-historical and epistemological factors in the prestige formation of Caribbean English-Lexicon Creoles and subjects their classification as a (socio)linguistic type to scrutiny and critical debate. In its analysis of rich empirical data this study also demonstrates that the uses, functions and negotiations of Creole within particular social and linguistic practices have shifted considerably. Rather than limiting its scope to one "national" speech community, the discussion focusses on changes of the social meaning of Creole in various discursive fields, such as inter generational changes of Creole use in the London Diaspora, diachronic changes of Creole representation in written texts, and diachronic changes of Creole representation in translation. The study employs a discourse analytical approach drawing on linguistic models as well as Foucauldian theory.
Both the letters, edited and censored by Runckel, and the plays, commissioned and edited by her husband, reveal a number of intriguing "detours" from the path of conventionality: biographical aberrations in her letters (her chagrined loyalty to her husband, her passionate "friendship" with Runckel) and poetological deviations from her husband's poetics expressed in her dramas."--BOOK JACKET.
With the help of tried and tested, carefully elaborated learning units, the authors convey fundamental mathematical techniques in this essential, which are important far beyond primary school. In the present volume I, path problems and word puzzles are modeled and solved using undirected and directed graphs. Simple math games are systematically analyzed and the optimal strategies are determined. Students learn to gradually reduce difficult problems to simpler ones and to provide evidence in different contexts. The tasks encourage mathematical thinking, imagination and creativity. The detailed sample solutions are designed for non-mathematicians. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Mathematische Geschichten I – Graphen, Spiele und Beweise by Susanne Schindler-Tschirner and Werner Schindler, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2019. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
Covering linguistic research on empty categories over more than three decades, this monograph presents the result of an in-depth syntactic and focus-theoretical investigation of ellipsis in generative grammar. The phenomenon of ellipsis most generally refers to the omission of linguistic material, structure and sound. The central aim of this book is to explain on the basis of linguistic theorizing of how it is possible that we understand more than we actually hear. The answer developed throughout this book is that ellipsis is an interface phenomenon which can only be explained on the basis of the complex interaction between syntax, semantics and information structure. Scholars of grammar and cognitive scientists will profit from reading this book.
Using field-tested, carefully crafted units of study, the authors in this essential teach fundamental mathematical techniques that are relevant well beyond the elementary school years. In this Volume II, the Gaussian summation formula and a recursion formula are derived and applied. Tasks on divisibility, prime factors and divisors follow. For calculating with remainders, the modulo calculation is introduced and applied. Students learn to perform proofs in a variety of contexts. As in Volume I, "Graphs, Games, and Proofs," the tasks encourage mathematical thinking skills, imagination, and creativity. The detailed sample solutions are designed for non-mathematicians. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Mathematische Geschichten II – Rekursion, Teilbarkeit und Beweise by Susanne Schindler-Tschirner and Werner Schindler, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2019. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
This book analyzes postwar literary works on large area bombings of German cities both in the context of trauma theory and questions of guilt and shame about Germany's Nazi past, embedding the recent debate surrounding the air war of World War II and its influence on German culture in a broader historical, societal, and psychological context.
I spent four years with my family in Pakistan. A haunting intense time with new experiences. Many things remained foreign to me, first of all the Islamic culture. As a diplomat, I was allowed a lot and a lot forbidden. The pictures that were created there are the result of my direct experience.
Mouth actions in sign languages have been controversially discussed but the sociolinguistic factors determining their form and functions remain uncertain. This first empirical analysis of mouth actions in Irish Sign Language focuses on correlations with gender, age, and word class. It contributes to the linguistic description of ISL, research into non-manuals in sign languages, and is relevant for the cross-modal study of word classes.
Das neue Wiener Pratermuseum – die Publikation zur Ausstellung Mitten im Zentrum des Wiener „Wurstelpraters“, am Standort einer ehemaligen Spielhalle, entsteht 2024 das neue Pratermuseum, einer der ersten öffentlichen Holzbauten Wiens. Der Wiener Prater als traditionsreicher Ort des Freizeitvergnügens ist ein besonderer Sammlungsschwerpunkt des Wien Museums. Neben Originalobjekten – darunter Ringelspielfiguren, Teile einer Grottenbahn, frühe Spielautomaten und Kasperlfiguren – umfasst die Prater-Sammlung Pläne, Modelle, Fotos, Eintrittskarten, Programmhefte, Plakate sowie Kunstwerke. Das Buch stellt die Highlights der mehr als 300 Objekte des neuen Pratermuseums vor. Es geht um die großen Themen des modernen Lebens – das Verhältnis von Natur und Stadt, Mensch und Tier, moderner Technik und menschlichem Körper. Der Katalog zur Ausstellung des neuen Pratermuseums des Wien Museums Erscheint gemeinsam mit dem Aufsatzband Der Wiener Prater. Labor der Moderne anlässlich der Eröffnung des neuen Wiener Pratermuseums im März 2024 Mit zahlreichen großformatigen Abbildungen
The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon.
Pete Easy-Peasy alias No-Problemo-for-Okey-Dokey the Third is an infamous pirate captain always on the hunt for a new adventure. When he wins a treasure map after playing a game of dice, he decides to look for a new pirate crew and embark on his next big adventure – a treasure hunt. Together with a motley bunch of quirky pirates – including a wild young woman – he and his ship, the Buzzing Betty, set off on a great voyage to track down the treasure ... This pirate adventure features coloured illustrations and is suitable for reading aloud or quietly alone.
Jüdische Kulturgeschichte ist alles andere als ein festgelegtes Forschungsgebiet, sondern setzt sich aus vielen und immer neuen Fragestellungen zusammen: Da geht es um Philosophie, Religion, Geschichte, Literatur, Gesellschaft und Politik – und bei all dem um Würde und Ethik, um Zuschreibungen und Ausgrenzungen, um Machtstrukturen und um Verfolgung. Jüdische Geschichte, Lebensrealitäten und Identitätsbildungen spielen in der europäischen und globalen Geschichte eine wichtige Rolle. Mitunter fanden diese Themen in der Geisteswissenschaft nur wenig Beachtung, doch ist hier inzwischen einiges im Umbruch. Statt bekannten Wegen tun sich neue Horizonte auf! Durchblicke. Horizonte jüdischer Kulturgeschichte enthält die Beiträge des Symposiums zum zehnjährigen Bestehen des Zentrums für Jüdische Kulturgeschichte der Universität Salzburg. Diese setzen Akzente in etlichen Bereichen der Jüdischen Studien: in der kulturwissenschaftlichen Sicht auf Judentum, Christentum und Islam in der Spätantike, der jüdischen Geschichte und Literatur des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, der Sprachlosigkeit und des künstlerischen und literarischen Zeugnisses angesichts des Holocaust und nicht zuletzt der jiddischen Literatur und Kultur.
Learn a language for less – get this bestselling Enhanced eBook for HALF PRICE - only £6.99. For a limited time only. Learn even faster and smarter with the flexibility, speed and convenience of this enhanced eBook. Everything you need is just where you need it: navigate the book with ease, practise your listening and speaking skills, test your progress and access valuable language notes all with one touch from the page you’re on. TALK German 2 has already helped thousands of people to improve their German. Whether you’re returning to the language and don’t want to start from scratch or you’ve completed an introductory course, Talk German 2 is the ideal way to take your German to the next level – fast. With its clear and effective approach, you’ll soon be able to engage in increasingly sophisticated conversations and express opinions on a wide range of subjects from food to property, as well as get to know people and cope confidently in everyday situations. Learn faster and smarter using the successful, proven Talk method Develop your language skills with a wealth of activities to help you learn. Express yourself more confidently by taking part in real German conversations. Want to improve your grammar? Get quickly up to speed with our bestselling Talk German Grammar eBook. Easy to follow and specially written to work with this course, it’ll help you easily demystify and unlock the key structures of German grammar and boost your understanding, speaking and listening skills. Search now for ‘Talk German Grammar’. Learner reviews of the book/CD version of Talk German 2: ‘A great asset to learning German. CDs and book are excellent.’ ‘Definitely recommend this book to everyone studying German on their own or anyone who wants to recap and study further.’ ‘BBC Active Talk German series is absolutely fantastic for those who plan on self-learning German’ ‘We are using this as the course book for an evening class, which should be a good indicator for anyone. The book is laid out clearly and is easy to follow.’ Also available: Talk Italian Enhanced eBook, Talk Italian 2 Enhanced eBook, Talk French Enhanced eBook, Talk French 2 Enhanced eBook, Talk Spanish Enhanced eBook, Talk Spanish 2 Enhanced eBook, Talk German Enhanced eBook; Talk Spanish Grammar eBook, Talk French Grammar eBook, Talk Italian Grammar eBook and Talk German Grammar eBook
Taking its cues from both classical and post-classical narratologies, this study explores both forms and functions of the representation of dementia in Anglophone fictions. Initially, dementia is conceptualised as a narrative-epistemological paradox: The more those affected know what it is like to have dementia, the less they can tell about it. Narrative fiction is the only discourse that provides an imaginative glimpse at the subjective experience of dementia in language. The narratological modelling of four ‘narrative modes’ elaborates how the paradox becomes productive in fiction: Depending on the narrative perspective taken, but also on the type of narration, the technique for representing consciousness and the epistemic strategy of narrating dementia, the respective narrative modes come with different prerequisites and possibilities for narrating dementia. The analysis of four contemporary Anglophone dementia fictions based on the developed model reveals their potential functions: Fiction allows readers to learn about the challenges of dementia, grants them perspective-taking, it trains cognitive flexibility, and explores the meaning of memory, knowledge, narrative and imagination, and thus also offers trajectories of a cultural coping with dementia.
The book provides insights, description and analysis over the knowledge production process within business, organization, and management research. Importantly, it does so from a language and translation perspective. It critically engages with the role of English in this process and provides theoretical argument for the need to include multilingualism in research. Translation is investigated as a concept for future inquiry. The book is expressive and formative of language-based research that is gaining momentum in business, management, and organization research. It offers conceptual innovation through a thorough treatment of multilingualism and translation, having the potentiality to guide future empirical and theoretical research, and to dispel hidden hegemonic knowledge production practices. The readers will gain insights into the current status quo of language-based inquiry, discussions of multilingualism for research design and be informed about the philosophical underpinnings of language-based research. Specifically, the benefits include the review and summary of key publications in this field, discussion and analysis of hidden assumptions of knowledge production, a critical take on knowledge production, an outline and discussion of implications of multilingual research for research design and methods, discussion of philosophical underpinnings and a vision for future research. The book is an invaluable source for all research students whose projects contain elements of multilingual research, whether empirical or theoretical. Likewise, the growing body of researchers who take a language-sensitive approach to their research may find it as a source that ‘pulls together’ the current knowledge status quo while offering discussions of future trajectories. The book is extremely useful for the teaching of research methods in undergraduate, postgraduate and also Master’s or doctoral programmes as many students are not native English speakers and are directly confronted with the subject matter of the book.
This volume outlines a new approach to the study of linguistic hybridity and its translation in cross-cultural writing. By building on concepts from narratology, cognitive poetics, stylistics, and film studies, it explores how linguistic hybridity contributes to the reader’s construction of the textual agents’ world-view and how it can be exploited in order to encourage the reader to empathise with one world-view rather than another and, consequently, how translation shifts in linguistic hybridity can affect the world-view that the reader constructs. Linguistic hybridity is a hallmark of cross-cultural texts such as postcolonial, migrant and travel writing as source and target language come into contact not only during the process of writing these texts, but also often in the (fictional or non-fictional) story-world. Hence, translation is frequently not only the medium, but also the object of representation. By focussing on the relation between medium and object of representation, the book complements existing research that so far has neglected this aspect. The book thus not only contributes to current scholarly debates – within and beyond the discipline of translation studies – concerned with cross-cultural writing and linguistic hybridity, but also adds to the growing body of translation studies research concerned with questions of voice and point of view.
Through a close reading of novels by Ulrike Kolb, Irmtraud Morgner, Emine Sevgi Özdamar, Bernhard Schlink, Peter Schneider, and Uwe Timm, this book traces the cultural memory of the 1960s student movement in German fiction, revealing layers of remembering and forgetting that go beyond conventional boundaries of time and space. These novels engage this contestation by constructing a palimpsest of memories that reshape readers’ understanding of the 1960s with respect to the end of the Cold War, the legacy of the Third Reich, and the Holocaust. Topographically, these novels refute assertions that East Germans were isolated from the political upheaval that took place in the late 1960s and 1970s. Through their aesthetic appropriations and subversions, these multicultural contributions challenge conventional understandings of German identity and at the same time lay down claims of belonging within a German society that is more openly diverse than ever before.
Some historians have traced a line from Germany’s atrocities in its colonial wars to those committed by the Nazis during WWII. Susanne Kuss dismantles these claims, rejecting the notion that a distinctive military ethos or policy of genocide guided Germany’s conduct of operations in Africa and China, despite acts of unquestionable brutality.
Leadership, teamwork, creativity and storytelling are hot topics in contemporary training and management. They are also an integral part of applied improvisation, which as a result gives us a valuable stock of exercises and methods to impart these skills. In Applied Improvisation for Coaches and Leaders: A Practical Guide for Creative Collaboration, Schinko-Fischli provides a complete introduction to applying the principles and techniques of improvisational theatre to working life. Schinko-Fischli uses her wealth of experience to illuminate how trainers and managers can add new stimuli to their work through applied improvisation. The book begins with a general introduction to the development of improvisational theatre and to applied improvisation, defining the foundations of improvisation and how we can usefully apply these methods to teamwork. It then focuses on how we can use creativity, with a particular focus on co-creativity, to pave the way for new visions of the future and innovative solutions, and explores how storytelling can be applied to teamwork and presentations. Finally, Schinko-Fischli examines status, examining how we present ourselves and appear to others, and how we can influence and control this. This unique book takes a fresh and nuanced look at many soft skills and presents a complete overview of the areas in which applied improvisation may be used by coaches and managers. It contains practical exercises throughout and clearly explains relevant theory and terminology. Applied Improvisation for Coaches and Leaders: A Practical Guide for Creative Collaboration will be essential reading for coaches in practice and in training, particularly executive coaches, and those who work with leaders in teams and organisations. It will also be a key text for leaders, trainers and managers seeking to enhance and expand their soft skills and make learning gainful and enjoyable.
Craft whimsical, fluffy Pompom forest animals with a realistic finish! Create an artisan craft project with detailed instructions that will make you smile at every stage—perfect whether you're a creative enthusiast or new to pom-pom creations. There are 12 different forest animal projects that include a deer, fox, rabbit, owl, squirrel, and many more! This book offers all the tips, instructions, and images you need to make your own forest of friends. Instructions include how to create a furry texture from yarn scraps and trim materials to sculpt and define each animal's unique shape. Get creative today with Pom-pom Forest Animals and make something special!
Create cute and realistic pom-pom birds with step-by-step instructions. Adorable crafting has never been simpler; with just a few materials, you can make these cute Pom-pom Birds! They're easy to craft with detailed, step-by-step instructions, and the finished birds are too adorable to only make one. Soon, you'll have your own flock! From robins and finches, to a woodpecker and an owl, you'll create adorably fluffy little birds that add a touch of fun to any room. This book offers all the tips, instructions, and images you need to make your own tiny flying friends. Realistic and adorable projects that are great for crafting simply, using up scraps, and creating something quickly Finished projects are artisan quality––great for home decor, gifts, and holiday decor
Since Germany became a colonial power relatively late, postcolonial theorists and histories of colonialism have thus far paid little attention to it. Uncovering Germany’s colonial legacy and imagination, Susanne Zantop reveals the significance of colonial fantasies—a kind of colonialism without colonies—in the formation of German national identity. Through readings of historical, anthropological, literary, and popular texts, Zantop explores imaginary colonial encounters of "Germans" with "natives" in late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century literature, and shows how these colonial fantasies acted as a rehearsal for actual colonial ventures in Africa, South America, and the Pacific. From as early as the sixteenth century, Germans preoccupied themselves with an imaginary drive for colonial conquest and possession that eventually grew into a collective obsession. Zantop illustrates the gendered character of Germany’s colonial imagination through critical readings of popular novels, plays, and travel literature that imagine sexual conquest and surrender in colonial territory—or love and blissful domestic relations between colonizer and colonized. She looks at scientific articles, philosophical essays, and political pamphlets that helped create a racist colonial discourse and demonstrates that from its earliest manifestations, the German colonial imagination contained ideas about a specifically German national identity, different from, if not superior to, most others.
In Coordinating Technology, Susanne Schmidt and Raymund Werle present three case studies that highlight the actors, the process, the politics, and the influence exerted by international organizations in the construction of standards. The case studies concern the standards for facsimile terminals and transmission, videotex (a service that, with the exception of the French Minitel service, largely failed), and electronic mail. Schmidt and Werle follow each story from the realization by certain actors of the need for a standard, through complex negotiation processes involving many economic, political, and social interests, to the final agreement on a standard. In their analysis of these cases, they emphasize the many ways in which the processes are embedded in institutional structures and argue for the value of an institutionalist approach to technology studies.
Why is the seat of the rider so natural und yet so complicated? Why is it so easy to develop an incorrect seat position and influence on the horse but then so difficult to correct these problems? What is actually meant by a riders’s “fine feeling” and how can this be perceived and developed? The art of successful riding is the development of harmony to such a degree that, to the onlooker, horse and rider perform in total unity. The rider's key to this ideal is not a static seat but, one that is capable of adapting to all movements of the horse. The closer the seat follows the movement, the better it can influence that movement and remain in perfect balance with the horse. First published in 1993, Balance in Movement has long since become a classic in equestrian sports literature. This completely revised new edition has been supple¬ment by useful maxims, hints and exercise ideas as well as 200 new photos and drawings. It is in indispensable source of advice for all who would like to have a better understanding and command of the rider's seat, teachers and pupils alike.
Wege der Schriftauslegung - Ways of Interpreting the Scripture Kongress für Theolog*innen aus dem Ostseeraum - Congress for Theologians from the Baltic Sea region, Religions & Gender Band 1
Wege der Schriftauslegung - Ways of Interpreting the Scripture Kongress für Theolog*innen aus dem Ostseeraum - Congress for Theologians from the Baltic Sea region, Religions & Gender Band 1
Diese Buch dokumentiert die Beitrage des Kongregesses für Theolog*innen aus dem Ostseeraum „Wir haben selber gehört und erkannt“ (Joh 4,42). Wege der Schriftauslegung, der vom 14. bis 15. Mai 2018 in der Marienkirche in Lübeck durchgeführt wurde. In den Vorträgen und Impulsen der Referentinnen werden vielfältige hermeneutische Ansätze aus unterschiedlichen Kontexten zur Sprache gebracht. This book documents the contributions of the Congress for Theologians from the Baltic Sea region, „We have heard for ourselves, and we know“ (Joh 4:42). Ways of Interpreting the Scripture held from 14th to 15th May, 2018 at St. Mary´s Church in Lübeck. In the lecturtes and inputs of the speakers, a wide range of hermeneutical approaches from differnet contexts were raised.
How can text competence be fostered in a more efficient and effective manner? This book is among the first to combine the US-American discourse on this question with the German discourse. The topics covered range from text linguistic foundations via text comprehension and comprehensibility to text production, writing skills development and writing in a second or foreign language. Students interested in writing research will be introduced to the pertinent models and theories. Writing instructors, writing centre staff and subject-domain teachers will find guidance on how to improve their assignments and feedback. University administrators and program coordinators can inform themselves about best-practice approaches to writing instruction and support at different levels ranging from individual courses to central support structures.
New Mobilities Regimes analyses how global mobilities are changing the world of today and the role of political and economic power. Bringing together essays by leading scholars and social scientists, including Mimi Sheller and Bülent Diken with the work of well-known artists and art theorists such as Jordan Crandall, Ursula Bieman, Gülsün Karamustafa and Dan Perjovschi this book is a unique document of the cross-disciplinary mobility and power discourse. The specific design, integrating the text and art elements to create a singular dialogue makes for an exciting intellectual and aesthetic experience. Illustrated by a range of studies which examine the regulation and structure of mobility, such as the daily routines of teleworkers, Ukrainian cleaners in Western Europe, the mobility policies of global corporations, and the impact of bicycle policies on public space, New Mobilities Regimes emphasizes the routes and crossroads of migration flows as well as at the interaction of mobility and new spatial concepts. The contributors are concerned with both the positive outcomes and the disappointments of the global mobilizations in modern lives. This book is ground-breaking in that it calls for the reassessment of the figurative arts in providing independent and insightful knowledge-generating research on the nature of mobility and highlights the new appreciation of visual representations in sociology, cultural geography and anthropology.
Today, a multiplicity of feminist approaches has become an integral part of the fields of German literary and cultural studies. This comprehensive reference provides a much needed synthesis of the contribution women have made to German literature and culture. In entries for more than 500 topics, the volume surveys literary periods, epochs, and genres; critical approaches and theories; important authors and works; female stereotypes; laws and historical developments; literary concepts and themes; and organizations and archives relevant to women and women's studies. Each entry offers a concise identification of the term, a discussion of its significance, and a bibliography of works for further reading. Today, a multiplicity of feminist approaches has become an integral part of the fields of German literary and cultural studies. While biographical works on women writers exist, this is the first reference to synthesize the wealth of feminist scholarship in German studies. While existing reference works focus exclusively on women authors, this volume contains numerous topical entries and covers the role of women in German literature and culture from the Middle Ages to the present day. Included are alphabetically arranged entries on more than 500 topics. While some entries are provided for important women writers and other individuals, the bulk of the volume provides information on literary periods, epochs, and genres; critical approaches and theories; female stereotypes; laws and historical developments; literary concepts and themes; and organizations and archives relevant to women and women's studies. Each entry includes a brief identification of the subject, a discussion of feminist thought on the topic, and a brief bibliography. Entries are written by numerous contributors and reflect a range of critical/theoretical approaches.
In Making Manslaughter, Susanne Pohl-Zucker offers parallel studies that trace the legal settlement of homicide in the duchy of Württemberg and the imperial city of Zurich between 1376 and 1700. Killings committed by men during disputes were frequently resolved by extrajudicial agreements during the late Middle Ages. Around 1500, customary strategies of dispute settlement were integrated and modified within contexts of increasing legal centralization and, in Württemberg, negotiated with the growing influence of the ius commune. Legal practice was characterized by indeterminacy and openness: categories and procedures proved flexible, and judicial outcomes were produced by governmental policies aimed at the re-establishment of peace as well as by the strategies and goals of all disputants involved in a homicide case. See inside the book.
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