While extensively explored as a solution to poverty at the base of the pyramid, this is the first in-depth examination of entrepreneurship and the poor within advanced economies. The authors explore the underlying nature of poverty and draw implications for new venture creation. Entrepreneurship is presented as a source of empowerment that represents an alternative pathway out of poverty.
This book presents wet chemical sol-gel and hydrothermal methods for 1D oxide nanostructure preparation. These methods represent an attractive route to multifunctional nanomaterials synthesis, as they are versatile, inexpensive and, thus, appropriate for obtaining a wide range of oxide materials with tailored morphology and properties. Three specific oxides (SiO2, TiO2, ZnO) are discussed in detail in order to illustrate the principle of the sol-gel and hydrothermal preparation of 1D oxide nanostructures. Other oxides synthesized via this method are also briefly presented. Throughout the book, the correlation between the tubular structure and the physico-chemical properties of these materials is highlighted. 1D oxide nanostructures exhibit interesting optical and electrical properties, due to their confined morphology. In addition, a well-defined geometry can be associated with chemically active species. For example, the pure SiO2 nanotubes presented a slight photocatalytic activity, while the Pt-doped SiO2 tubular materials act as microreactors in catalytic reactions. In the case of titania and titanate nanotubes, large specific surface area and pore volume, ion-exchange ability, enhanced light absorption, and fast electron-transport capability have attracted significant research interest. The chemical and physical modifications (microwave assisted hydrothermal methods) discussed here improve the formation kinetics of the nanotubes. The ZnO nanorods/tubes were prepared as random particles or as large areas of small, oriented 1D ZnO nanostructures on a variety of substrates. In the latter case a sol-gel layer is deposited on the substrate prior to the hydrothermal preparation. Using appropriate dopants, coatings of ZnO nanorods with controlled electrical behavior can be obtained.
Do you see marriage in your future but worry about becoming another divorce statistic? If so, this book is a must-read. Whether you are marrying for the first time or have been divorced and want to get back in the dating game, Dr. Susana O'Hara offers simple advice about the steps you can take to marry right, stay married, and decrease your chances of divorce. How to Marry Right and Avoid Divorce includes real-life examples of how several of Dr. O'Hara's clients did just that. Dr. O'Hara also illustrates the poor choices many before you have made so you can learn from them. Dr. O'Hara's encouraging tips for finding the right person to marry have led countless people down the path to marital happiness. She offers suggestions for how to think realistically about marriage, how to best present yourself, and how to engage in meaningful conversation, among other useful topics. Now she can help you to learn How to Marry Right and Avoid Divorce.
Introductory Biomaterials enables undergraduate students in Biomedical, Chemical, Materials and other relevant Engineering disciplines to become familiar with the key concepts of Biomaterials principles: biocompatibility, structure-property-applications relationships, mechanical response of natural tissues, and cellular pathways for tissue-material ingrowth. Written in a clear, concise manner that weds theory with applications, this book helps students to understand the often intricate relationships between materials the implant devices that are made from them, and how the human body reacts to them. The book includes such concepts as requirements for metals, alloys, and ceramic materials to be used in load bearing implants (corrosion concepts, stress shielding, mechanical properties, composition), what properties of polymers impact their use in medicine (leaching and swelling, creep and stress relaxation); the tissue response to biomaterials, concepts related to drug delivery applications (polymer degradation, encapsulation), and tissue engineering (scaffold porosity, diffusion of nutrients, mechanical properties). - Begins with structure-properties, followed immediately by their impact on actual biomaterials classes and devices, thus directly relating theory to applications (e.g. polymers to polymeric stents; metals to fracture fixation devices) - Explains concepts in a clear, progressive manner, with numerous examples and figures to enhance student learning - Covers all key biomaterials classes: metallic, ceramic, polymeric, composite and biological - Includes a timely chapter on medical device regulation
In this volume the fundamental theory of open quantum systems is revised in the light of modern developments in the field. A unified approach to the quantum evolution of open systems is presented by merging concepts and methods traditionally employed by different communities, such as quantum optics, condensed matter, chemical physics and mathematical physics. The mathematical structure and the general properties of the dynamical maps underlying open system dynamics are explained in detail. The microscopic derivation of dynamical equations, including both Markovian and non-Markovian evolutions, is also discussed. Because of the step-by-step explanations, this work is a useful reference to novices in this field. However, experienced researches can also benefit from the presentation of recent results.
Can entrepreneurship serve as a pathway out of poverty? Are the poor able to create ventures that can improve their economic circumstances and enhance their lives? Poverty, Disadvantage and the Promise of Enterprise: A Capabilities Perspective argue that “it depends”. To understand the poverty and entrepreneurship interface, we must first understand poverty. Using a lens of disadvantage theory and the capabilities framework, the book explores the implications of poverty’s complex, multi-dimensional nature when one is trying to start and grow a business. Four key liabilities directly impact the opportunities these individuals are able to recognize, the types of ventures they create, how the businesses perform, and the impacts on the well-being of the entrepreneur. Because of these liabilities, these ventures tend to fall into what the authors call the commodity trap, where they struggle with low sales volumes and marginal profits. However, the trap is avoidable, and, with the right kinds of support, the performance of these ventures can be meaningfully improved. Key design elements of a successful intervention approach, together with an alternative perspective on the roles of community-based entrepreneurial ecosystems and public policy, are introduced. Emphasis is also placed on the critical roles of faith, hustle, and the fears of both failure and success.
This book explains the implementation of just in time (JIT) production in an industrial context, while also highlighting the application of various, vital lean production tools. Shifting the trade-off between productivity and quality, the book discusses the preparation stages needed before implementing a JIT system. After an introduction to lean manufacturing and JIT, it introduces readers to the fundamentals and practice of Kaizen, paying special attention to lean manufacturing tools. The book demonstrates how to use the 5S approach (with the stages of Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and Shitsuke), Standardized Work, Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) and the Kanban system. In brief, the book provides an understanding of the processes associated with the application of these tools and highlights the benefits attained by companies that have implemented JIT systems. Throughout the book, a real-world case study is used to deepen readers’ understanding of how lean manufacturing tools can be implemented. The book is ideally suited for executive courses in industrial engineering and management, but can also be used for upper undergraduate and graduate courses at universities.
This volume focuses on the collection of waste and waste streams as an integral aspect of sustainable waste management. The authors take economic models and behavioral studies into account to go beyond just descriptions of waste collections technologies and collection route design. Models and tools for sustainable waste collection are described in detail, and the authors provide a comprehensive, integrated methodology to design waste collection systems that reduce environmental impacts, are economically viable, and achieve buy-in and participation from target populations. Part I of the book provides fundamentals and context on waste hierarchy, including waste prevention, reduction and reuse, waste collection itself, and steps such as preparation for recycling, recycling, treatment, and landfilling. Background in environmental, social, and economic concerns surrounding waste collection is also provided here. Part II addresses tools for design, operation, and maintenance of waste collection systems. Part III focuses on how the tools presented in Part II can be used to support sustainability assessments and decisions that consider the entire life cycle of waste and the role of waste collection programs in waste prevention, reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment, and disposal. Part IV addresses the challenges of developing sustainable waste management systems and addresses the role of waste collection in sustainable waste management in the future.
Drawn from the 24th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories (Buenes Aires, Sep. 2000) these 45 papers, while centered on the concepts and techniques of condensed-matter physics, also address broad issues of common concern for theorists who apply advanced many-particle methods in other areas of physics. Five primary topics are covered by the contributions: quantum liquids, boson condensates, strongly-correlated electron systems, superconductivity and superfluidity, and phase transitions. Some of examples of specific questions addressed include shot noise of mesoscopic quantum systems, heat transport in superlattices, transitions from non-colinear to conlinear structures in a magnetic multilayer model, order-disorder transitions in a vortex lattice, perturbation theory in the one-phase region of an electron-ion system, and nonlinear dynamics in metal clusters. c. Book News Inc.
This book provides an overview of both experimental and commercial real-time database systems (RTDBs) and a systematic approach to understanding, designing, and implementing them. To this end, the book is composed of four chapters: Chapter 1 “An Overview of Real-Time Database Systems” delves into the realm of RTDBs and discusses the specific requirements, transaction models, and scheduling algorithms that set RTDBs apart from conventional DBMs. Chapter 2 on “Experimental Real-Time Databases” presents various experimental RTDBs developed in academia with their architectures, features, and implementations, while chapter 3 on “Commercial Real-Time Databases” does so for systems developed and offered by commercial vendors as products or services. Eventually, chapter 4 on “Applications of Real-Time Database Systems” showcases various applications of RTDBs across different domains. This book will help researchers, graduate students and advanced professionals to get an overview of the area and to understand the main challenges and systems available.
Articular cartilage is a highly specialized avascular connective tissue. This multidisciplinary article reviews the molecular and morphological aspects of GLUT expression and function in chondrocytes and their mesenchymal and embryonic stem cell precursors.
This brief explores polysaccharides, the most abundant family of naturally occurring polymers, and explains how they have gained considerable attention in recent decades as a source of innovative bio-based materials. The authors present a range of material including an extensive array of polysaccharide hybrid nanomaterials with distinct applications. The most recent knowledge regarding polysaccharide-based hybrid nanomaterials with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), carbon nanotubes and graphene is presented as well as the main polysaccharides, namely cellulose, chitin and chitosan, starch and their most relevant derivatives. The book features a description of important production methodologies, properties, and applications of these types of hybrids.
Many books and reviews about scanning probe microscopies (SPM) cover the basics of their performance, novel developments, and state-of-the-art applications. Taking a different approach, Hybridizing Surface Probe Microscopies: Towards a Full Description of the Meso- and Nanoworlds encompasses the technical efforts in combining SPM with spectroscopic and optical complementary techniques that, altogether, provide a complete description of nanoscale and mesoscale systems and processes from corrosion to enzymatic reactions. The book is organized into eight chapters, following a general scheme that revolves around the two main capabilities of SPM: imaging and measuring interactions. Each chapter introduces key theoretical concepts and basic equations of the particular stand-alone technique with which the scanning probe microscopies are combined. Chapters end with the SPM-technique combination and some real-world examples in which the combination has been devised or used. Most chapters include a historical review of the techniques and numerous illustrations to support key ideas and provide the reader with intuitive understanding. To understand the limitations of any technique also means to understand how this technique works. This book has devoted a considerable amount of space in explaining the basics of each technique as they are being introduced. At the same time, it avoids explaining the particularities of each SPM-based technique and opts for a rather generalized approach. In short, the book’s focus is not on what SPM can do, but rather on what SPM cannot do and, most specifically, on presenting the experimental approaches that circumvent these limitations.
Development of models with explicit mechanisms for data generation from cluster structures is of major interest in order to provide a theoretical framework for cluster structures found in data. Especially appealing in this regard are the so-called typological structures in which observed entities relate in various degrees to one or several prototypes. Such structures are relevant in many areas such as medicine or marketing, where any entity (patient/consumer) may adhere, with different degrees, to one or several prototypes (clinical scenario/consumer behavior), modelling a typological classification. In fuzzy clustering, the fuzzy c-means (FCM) method has become one of the most popular techniques. As a fuzzy analogue of c-means crisp clustering, FCM models a typological classification, much the same way as c-means. However, FCM does not adhere to the statistical paradigm at which the data are considered generated by a cluster structure, while crisp c-means does. The present work proposes a framework for typological classification based on a fuzzy clustering model of data generation.
Since the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in 1988, spintronics has been presented as a new technology paradigm, awarded by the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007. Initially used in read heads of hard disk drives, and while disputing a piece of the market to the flash memories, GMR devices have broadened their range of usage by growing towards magnetic field sensing applications in a huge range of scenarios. Potential applications at the time of the discovery have become real in the last two decades. Definitively, GMR was born to stand. In this sense, selected successful approaches of GMR based sensors in different applications: space, automotive, microelectronics, biotechnology ... are collected in the present book. While keeping a practical orientation, the fundamentals as well as the current trends and challenges of this technology are also analyzed. In this sense, state of the art contributions from academy and industry can be found through the contents. This book can be used by starting researchers, postgraduate students and multidisciplinary scientists in order to have a reference text in this topical fascinating field.
Foreword This volume includes papers presented at TAKE 2021 Conference The Multidisciplinary Conference on Intangibles, held online between the 7 th and the 9th July 2021 and hosted by Universidade Portucalense, from Porto, Portugal. Detailed information about the Conference is to be found in the Conference Website: https://take-conference2021.com/. A Book of Abstracts was also published. TAKE 2021 included 80 presentations, by almost 100 participants, including 8 keynote speakers, from 20 countries. Done during the Covid-19 crisis, TAKE 2021 was a show of intelligence, work, and solidarity, We thank infinitely all those involved, which contributed to the success of the event. We hope to continue the TAKE saga, next year with TAKE 2022 whose website is already online: https://take-conference2022.com/. Best wishes and kindest regards. Eduardo Tomé, on behalf of the Organizing Committee
This e-book opens with the letter from the President of Southwestern Finance Association. Lalatendu provides the historical aspect of the organization. This is followed by the AAII Best Paper by Kubota and Takehara. They investigate the best conditional asset pricing model to explain the abnormal returns for the firms listed in Tokyo Stock Exchange. Whitworth and Zhang show how the recent capital gains affect ex-dividend stock pricing while Hull, Walker and Kwak assess the impact of insider ownership decreases on stock returns for firms undergoing seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). Finally, Wil.
This e-book consists of Selected Papers from the Annual Meeting of the Southern Finance Association in 2008. The SFA and its sponsors outstanding paper awards in each of the following categories: corporate finance, investments, international finance, empirical finance, and financial institutions. More than 170 papers were presented at the 2008 Annual Meeting of the Southern Finance Association. Of these, thirty finalists were selected for consideration for this publication.
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