Since the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in 1988, spintronics has been presented as a new technology paradigm, awarded by the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007. Initially used in read heads of hard disk drives, and while disputing a piece of the market to the flash memories, GMR devices have broadened their range of usage by growing towards magnetic field sensing applications in a huge range of scenarios. Potential applications at the time of the discovery have become real in the last two decades. Definitively, GMR was born to stand. In this sense, selected successful approaches of GMR based sensors in different applications: space, automotive, microelectronics, biotechnology ... are collected in the present book. While keeping a practical orientation, the fundamentals as well as the current trends and challenges of this technology are also analyzed. In this sense, state of the art contributions from academy and industry can be found through the contents. This book can be used by starting researchers, postgraduate students and multidisciplinary scientists in order to have a reference text in this topical fascinating field.
This book offers a fascinating exploration of the evolution of the Portuguese economy over the course of eight centuries, from the foundation of the kingdom in 1143, when political boundaries began to take shape in the midst of the Christian Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula, and the formation of an empire, to the integration of the nation into the European Communities and the Economic and Monetary Union. Through six chapters, the authors provide a vibrant history of Portugal's past with a focus ranging from the medieval economy and the age of globalization, to war and recovery, the Atlantic economy, the rise of liberalism and patterns of convergence. The book provides a unique long-term perspective of change in a southern European country and its empire, which responds to the fundamental broader questions about when, how and why economies expand, stagnate or contract.
This timely book fills an important gap in the literature on the influence of the Internet and new media in Portuguese speaking African countries. Based on extensive field work throughout the region the author examines the influence of the Internet in the transition to democracy in Africa, and asks whether there are new possibilities for popular activism to emerge from evolving communication environments and media systems. The book analyses the different forms of democracy, the concept of development, and addresses the debate about the relationship between democracy and development and explores the influence of the media in the democratization process, the promises that digital media bring to this process and to development and the implications of the African digital divide. In certain countries in this region democracy and independent news media are in their infancy but are starting to take hold, giving an excellent opportunity to observe the dynamics of civil society and the influence of increased freedom, new voting powers and new media in particular. The book offers important insights into the roles and functions that the media in general, and the Internet in particular, can perform in the creation of a more democratic society, as well as in empowering and educating citizens in democratic values.
In 2020, the project ‘Stepping Up to Global Challenges (SGC): Empowering Students across the World’ was launched, during the difficult period when the COVID-19 pandemic was spreading across the globe and causing the lockdown of several activities. Education was also severely affected, but, even if the response widely varied at the time, remote learning, telecollaboration and project-based approaches were adopted by many teachers, “encourag[ing] learners to take an active role in their own learning process and to learn how to collaborate successfully with others in order to solve real world challenges” (Mont & Masats, 2018, p. 93). At the Polytechnic of Viseu (Portugal), Ege University (Turkey) and UTH University (Poland), four teachers of English decided to embrace the idea of diluting frontiers and exploring the potential of Information and Communication Technologies through telecollaboration, in which the students developed tasks around the topic of entrepreneurship. Stepping Up to Global Challenges (SGC2): Learning English while Fighting the Outbreak of Covid-19 is a funded project that started in March 2021 and ends in March 2022. Funding for the project was obtained via Apoios Especiais do PV, Tipologia: Projetos que se destinem a implementar metodologias de aprendizagem ativa. For further information, cf. http://politecnicodeviseu.info/apoios-especiais/steppingup-to-global-challenges-2/ The SGC2 team is not responsible for the posters, videos, abstracts and papers compiled in this eBook. The author contributors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
An essential introduction to the paleobiology of animal body size, locomotion, and feeding. Paleobiology is the branch of evolutionary biology involved in the reconstruction of the life histories of extinct organisms. It answers the questions, How do we use fossils to reconstruct the size of prehistoric animals, and How did they move and feed? Drawing on a rich inventory of South American Miocene fossils, Vertebrate Paleobiology: A Form and Function Approach examines different aspects of functional morphology and how they are tested by paleontologists, anatomists, and zoologists. Beginning with a review of various methodologies to interpret fossils, the authors turn to the main concepts important to functional morphology and give examples of each. They conclude by showing how functional morphology enables a dynamic, broadscale reconstruction of the life of prehistoric animals during the South American Miocene. Originally published in Spanish, Vertebrate Paleobiology: A Form and Function Approach provides a broad sweep of recent developments, including theoretical and practical techniques, applied to the study of extinct vertebrates.
In this paper, we develop a multi-objective model for the design and planning of closed-loop supply chains under demand uncertainty that maximizes the expected net present value (ENPV) and minimizes risk. Four different risk measures are implemented and compared: variance, variability index, downside risk and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) so as to conclude on these measures adequacy. The model is applied to a European supply chain and the optimal solutions are drawn in a Pareto curve obtained through the ε-constraint method.
This volume focuses on the collection of waste and waste streams as an integral aspect of sustainable waste management. The authors take economic models and behavioral studies into account to go beyond just descriptions of waste collections technologies and collection route design. Models and tools for sustainable waste collection are described in detail, and the authors provide a comprehensive, integrated methodology to design waste collection systems that reduce environmental impacts, are economically viable, and achieve buy-in and participation from target populations. Part I of the book provides fundamentals and context on waste hierarchy, including waste prevention, reduction and reuse, waste collection itself, and steps such as preparation for recycling, recycling, treatment, and landfilling. Background in environmental, social, and economic concerns surrounding waste collection is also provided here. Part II addresses tools for design, operation, and maintenance of waste collection systems. Part III focuses on how the tools presented in Part II can be used to support sustainability assessments and decisions that consider the entire life cycle of waste and the role of waste collection programs in waste prevention, reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment, and disposal. Part IV addresses the challenges of developing sustainable waste management systems and addresses the role of waste collection in sustainable waste management in the future.
This introduction provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of the central topics in Latin American philosophy. It explores not only the unique insights offered by Latin American thinkers into pre-established fields of Western philosophy, but also the many 'isms' developed as a direct result of Latin American thought.
The genus Candida comprises more than 200 species, but few of them have been associated with human infections. C. albicans is the most important cause of disease. Other species such as C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis are also being increasingly recognized as significant human pathogens. In recent years, the number of clinical infections caused by Candida species worldwide has risen considerably, and the incidence of resistance to traditional antifungal therapies is also increasing. There is an exigent need for novel antifungal remedies, and plants remain a vital source of these new substances, especially in low-resource countries. Natural compounds are potential antimycotic agents either in their nascent form or as template structures for more effective derivatives. The data and studies described in this chapter document the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and essential oils against Candida species and show that medicinal plants can be a rich source of potential antifungal compounds.
This brief explores polysaccharides, the most abundant family of naturally occurring polymers, and explains how they have gained considerable attention in recent decades as a source of innovative bio-based materials. The authors present a range of material including an extensive array of polysaccharide hybrid nanomaterials with distinct applications. The most recent knowledge regarding polysaccharide-based hybrid nanomaterials with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), carbon nanotubes and graphene is presented as well as the main polysaccharides, namely cellulose, chitin and chitosan, starch and their most relevant derivatives. The book features a description of important production methodologies, properties, and applications of these types of hybrids.
Engaging debates within cultural studies, media and communication studies, and critical theory, this book addresses whether Gramscian thought continues to be relevant for social and cultural analysis, in particular when examining times of crisis and social change. The book is motivated by two intertwined but distinct purposes: first, to show the privileged and fruitful link between a "Gramscian Theory of Communication" and a "Communicative Theory of Gramsci;" second, to explore the ways in which such a Gramscian perspective can help us interpret and explain different forms of political activism in the twenty-first century, such as "Occupy" in the US, "Indignados" in Spain, or "Movimento Cinque Stelle" in Italy.
Foreword This volume includes papers presented at TAKE 2022 Conference The Multidisciplinary Conference on Intangibles, held in hybrid format between the 6 th and the 8 th July 2022 and hosted by Universidade Portucalense, from Porto, Portugal. Detailed information about the Conference is to be found in the Conference Website: https://take-conference2022.com/. A Book of Abstracts was also published. TAKE 2022 included 70 presentations in parallel sessions plus 5 keynotes, 3 special sessions, one doctoral workshop and 2 posters, by almost 102 participants, from 22 countries. Done after the Covid-19 crisis, TAKE 2022 was a “lets have our life back” moment, in scientific and human terms. Science advances through creativity and conferences are essential for that creativity to happen. We thank infinitely all those involved, which contributed to the success of the event. We hope to continue the TAKE saga, next year with TAKE 2023, that will be announced very soon. Best wishes and kindest regards. Eduardo Tomé, on behalf of the Organizing Committee
Since the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in 1988, spintronics has been presented as a new technology paradigm, awarded by the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007. Initially used in read heads of hard disk drives, and while disputing a piece of the market to the flash memories, GMR devices have broadened their range of usage by growing towards magnetic field sensing applications in a huge range of scenarios. Potential applications at the time of the discovery have become real in the last two decades. Definitively, GMR was born to stand. In this sense, selected successful approaches of GMR based sensors in different applications: space, automotive, microelectronics, biotechnology ... are collected in the present book. While keeping a practical orientation, the fundamentals as well as the current trends and challenges of this technology are also analyzed. In this sense, state of the art contributions from academy and industry can be found through the contents. This book can be used by starting researchers, postgraduate students and multidisciplinary scientists in order to have a reference text in this topical fascinating field.
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