Brokers, Voters, and Clientelism addresses major questions in distributive politics. Why is it acceptable for parties to try to win elections by promising to make certain groups of people better off, but unacceptable - and illegal - to pay people for their votes? Why do parties often lavish benefits on loyal voters, whose support they can count on anyway, rather than on responsive swing voters? Why is vote buying and machine politics common in today's developing democracies but a thing of the past in most of today's advanced democracies? This book develops a theory of broker-mediated distribution to answer these questions, testing the theory with research from four developing democracies, and reviews a rich secondary literature on countries in all world regions. The authors deploy normative theory to evaluate whether clientelism, pork-barrel politics, and other non-programmatic distributive strategies can be justified on the grounds that they promote efficiency, redistribution, or voter participation.
Why do vote-suppression efforts sometimes fail? Why does police repression of demonstrators sometimes turn localized protests into massive, national movements? How do politicians and activists manipulate people's emotions to get them involved? The authors of Why Bother? offer a new theory of why people take part in collective action in politics, and test it in the contexts of voting and protesting. They develop the idea that just as there are costs of participation in politics, there are also costs of abstention - intrinsic and psychological but no less real. That abstention can be psychically costly helps explain real-world patterns that are anomalies for existing theories, such as that sometimes increases in costs of participation are followed by more participation, not less. The book draws on a wealth of survey data, interviews, and experimental results from a range of countries, including the United States, Britain, Brazil, Sweden, and Turkey.
In this vivid ethnography set in contemporary Peru, Susan Stokes provides a compelling analysis of the making and unmaking of class consciousness among the urban poor. Her research strategy is multifaceted; through interviews, participant observation, and survey research she digs deeply into the popular culture of the social activists and shantytown residents she studies. The result is a penetrating look at how social movements evolve, how poor people construct independent political cultures, and how the ideological domination of oppressed classes can shatter. This work is a new and vital chapter in the growing literature on the formation of social movements. It chronicles the transformation of Peru's poor from a culture of deference and clientelism in the late 1960s to a population mobilized for radical political action today. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1996. In this vivid ethnography set in contemporary Peru, Susan Stokes provides a compelling analysis of the making and unmaking of class consciousness among the urban poor. Her research strategy is multifaceted; through interviews, participant observation, and
A “must have” text for all healthcare professionals practicing in the digital age of healthcare. Nursing Informatics for the Advanced Practice Nurse, Second Edition, delivers a practical array of tools and information to show how advanced practice nurses can maximize patient safety, quality of care, and cost savings through the use of technology. Since the first edition of this text, health information technology has only expanded. With increased capability and complexity, the current technology landscape presents new challenges and opportunities for interprofessional teams. Nurses, who are already trained to use the analytic process to assess, analyze, and intervene, are in a unique position to use this same process to lead teams in addressing healthcare delivery challenges with data. The only informatics text written specifically for advanced practice nurses, Nursing Informatics for the Advanced Practice Nurse, Second Edition, takes an expansive, open, and innovative approach to thinking about technology. Every chapter is highly practical, filled with case studies and exercises that demonstrate how the content presented relates to the contemporary healthcare environment. Where applicable, concepts are aligned with the six domains within the Quality and Safety Education in Nursing (QSEN) approach and are tied to national goals and initiatives. Featuring chapters written by physicians, epidemiologists, engineers, dieticians, and health services researchers, the format of this text reflects its core principle that it takes a team to fully realize the benefit of technology for patients and healthcare consumers. What’s New Several chapters present new material to support teams’ optimization of electronic health records Updated national standards and initiatives Increased focus and new information on usability, interoperability and workflow redesign throughout, based on latest evidence Explores challenges and solutions of electronic clinical quality measures (eCQMs), a major initiative in healthcare informatics; Medicare and Medicaid Services use eCQMs to judge quality of care, and how dynamics change rapidly in today’s environment Key Features Presents national standards and healthcare initiatives Provides in-depth case studies for better understanding of informatics in practice Addresses the DNP Essentials, including II: Organization and system leadership for quality improvement and systems thinking, IV: Core Competency for Informatics, and Interprofessional Collaboration for Improving Patient and Population health outcomes Includes end-of-chapter exercises and questions for students Instructor’s Guide and PowerPoint slides for instructors Aligned with QSEN graduate-level competencies
Winner of two first place AJN Book of the Year Awards! This award-winning resource uniquely integrates national goals with nursing practice to achieve safe, efficient quality of care through technology management. The heavily revised third edition emphasizes the importance of federal policy in digitally transforming the U.S. healthcare delivery system, addressing its evolution and current policy initiatives to engage consumers and promote interoperability of the IT infrastructure nationwide. It focuses on ways to optimize the massive U.S. investment in HIT infrastructure and examines usability, innovative methods of workflow redesign, and challenges with electronic clinical quality measures (eCQMs). Additionally, the text stresses documentation challenges that relate to usability issues with EHRs and sub-par adoption and implementation. The third edition also explores data science, secondary data analysis, and advanced analytic methods in greater depth, along with new information on robotics, artificial intelligence, and ethical considerations. Contributors include a broad array of notable health professionals, which reinforces the book's focus on interprofessionalism. Woven throughout are the themes of point-of-care applications, data management, and analytics, with an emphasis on the interprofessional team. Additionally, the text fosters an understanding of compensation regulations and factors. New to the Third Edition: Examines current policy initiatives to engage consumers and promote nationwide interoperability of the IT infrastructure Emphasizes usability, workflow redesign, and challenges with electronic clinical quality measures Covers emerging challenge proposed by CMS to incorporate social determinants of health Focuses on data science, secondary data analysis, citizen science, and advanced analytic methods Revised chapter on robotics with up-to-date content relating to the impact on nursing practice New information on artificial intelligence and ethical considerations New case studies and exercises to reinforce learning and specifics for managing public health during and after a pandemic COVID-19 pandemic-related lessons learned from data availability, data quality, and data use when trying to predict its impact on the health of communities Analytics that focus on health inequity and how to address it Expanded and more advanced coverage of interprofessional practice and education (IPE) Enhanced instructor package Key Features: Presents national standards and healthcare initiatives as a guiding structure throughout Advanced analytics is reflected in several chapters such as cybersecurity, genomics, robotics, and specifically exemplify how artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) support related professional practice Addresses the new re-envisioned AACN essentials Includes chapter objectives, case studies, end-of-chapter exercises, and questions to reinforce understanding Aligned with QSEN graduate-level competencies and the expanded TIGER (Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform) competencies.
The countries of Central Europe in the first round for admission to the European Union have all established constitutional, electoral democracies and market economies. However, much remains to be done to achieve fully consolidated democratic states. This study documents the weaknesses of public oversight and participation in policymaking in Hungary and Poland, two of the most advanced countries in the region. It discusses five alternative routes to accountability including European Union oversight, constitutional institutions such as presidents and courts, devolution to lower-level governments, the use of neo-corporatist bodies, and open-ended participation rights. It urges more emphasis on the fifth option, public participation. Case studies of the environmental movement in Hungary and of student groups in Poland illustrate these general points. The book reviews the United States' experience of open-ended public participation and draws some lessons for the transition countries from the strengths and weaknesses of the American system.
Some theorists claim that democracy cannot work without trust. According to this argument, democracy fails unless citizens trust that their governing institutions are serving their best interests. Similarly, some assert that democracy works best when people trust one another and have confidence that politicians will look after citizen interests. Questioning such claims, Democracy and the Culture of Skepticism, by Matthew Cleary and Susan Stokes, suggests that skepticism, not trust, is the hallmark of political culture in well-functioning democracies. Drawing on extensive research in two developing democracies, Argentina and Mexico, Democracy and the Culture of Skepticism shows that in regions of each country with healthy democracies, people do not trust one another more than those living in regions where democracy functions less well, nor do they display more personal trust in governments or politicians. Instead, the defining features of the healthiest democracies are skepticism of government and a belief that politicians act in their constituents' best interest only when it is personally advantageous for them to do so. In contrast to scholars who lament what they see as a breakdown in civic life, Cleary and Stokes find that people residing in healthy democracies do not participate more in civic organizations than others, but in fact, tend to retreat from civic life in favor of private pursuits. The authors conclude that governments are most efficient and responsive when they know that institutions such as the press or an independent judiciary will hold them accountable for their actions. The question of how much citizens should trust politicians and governments has consumed political theorists since America's founding. In Democracy and the Culture of Skepticism, Matthew Cleary and Susan Stokes test the relationship between trust and the quality of governance, showing that it is not trust, but vigilance and skepticism that provide the foundation for well-functioning democracies. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Series on Trust
Brief summaries of the careers of famous people, with occupation, places and dates of birth and death, and sources of information. Includes living and deceased persons.
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