Until President Jimmy Carter launched an effort to diversify the lower federal courts, the U.S. courts of appeals had been composed almost entirely of white males. But by 2008, over a quarter of sitting judges were women and 15 percent were African American or Hispanic. Underlying the argument made by administration officials for a diverse federal judiciary has been the expectation that the presence of women and minorities will ensure that the policy of the courts will reflect the experiences of a diverse population. Yet until now, scholarly studies have offered only limited support for the expectation that judges’ race, ethnicity, or gender impacts their decision making on the bench. In Diversity Matters, Susan B. Haire and Laura P. Moyer employ innovative new methods of analysis to offer a fresh examination of the effects of diversity on the many facets of decision making in the federal appellate courts. Drawing on oral histories and data on appellate decisions through 2008, the authors’ analyses demonstrate that diversity on the bench affects not only individual judges’ choices but also the overall character and quality of judicial deliberation and decisions. Looking forward, the authors anticipate the ways in which these process effects will become more pronounced as a result of the highly diverse Obama appointment cohort.
Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage is the only up-to-date printed reference guide to the United Kingdom's titled families: the hereditary peers, life peers and peeresses, and baronets, and their descendants who form the fascinating tapestry of the peerage. This is the first ebook edition of Debrett's Peerage &Baronetage, and it also contains information relating to:The Royal FamilyCoats of ArmsPrincipal British Commonwealth OrdersCourtesy titlesForms of addressExtinct, dormant, abeyant and disclaimed titles.Special features for this anniversary edition include:The Roll of Honour, 1920: a list of the 3,150 people whose names appeared in the volume who were killed in action or died as a result of injuries sustained during the First World War.A number of specially commissioned articles, including an account of John Debrett's life and the early history of Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage, a history of the royal dukedoms, and an in-depth feature exploring the implications of modern legislation and mores on the ancient traditions of succession.
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