Textbooks play a key role in enhancing the quality of learning, especially in the context of low-income Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries characterized by large class-size, poorly motivated and inadequately trained teachers, and short effective school years. There are also high rates of illiteracy among parents and few reading materials at home for the student to bank on. Despite extensive investments by governments, the World Bank and other development partners, the majority of students in primary and secondary schools in SSA still lack the benefit of access to textbooks and the key reason for this shortage is affordability: textbooks are generally much more costly in SSA than in other developing regions. The need to increase access to key learning resources is of particular urgency because most African countries experience low learning outcomes which in part contributes to a high drop-out rate. Only two-thirds of those who enter school reach the final grade and only about half of these master basic numeracy and literacy skills. And although quality improvement depends on many factors inside and outside the school, there is wide agreement that availability of textbooks is both an indispensable and a cost-effective way of improving the quality of the learning process. A recent World Bank study examined the actual costs of textbooks, the scope for cost reduction, the portion of a national budget countries allocate to teaching and learning materials (TLMs) and hurdles in the way of making textbooks available to student. Some interesting findings from the study - - The availability of affordable textbooks to all students could be dramatically improved by devoting an estimated 3 to 4 percent of the primary education budget and 6 to 7 percent of the secondary education budget - The production process †“ methods, copyright, length of print runs, effective procurement practices †“ rather than the production costs should be the target of cost saving strategies - The increased integration of ICTs into education in SSA can provide important opportunities for promoting availability of electronic TLMs but electronic TLMs are not a substitute for printed TLMs including textbooks
Science, Technology and Innovation in Uganda is part of the World Bank Studies series. These papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank s ongoing research and to stimulate public discussion. This study presents a unique methodology to view science, technology and innovation (STI) in developing countries. The study provides a set of cases studies drawn from a diverse range of experiences across the Ugandan private sector and offers concrete policy recommendations on how to support broader development of STI in Uganda. The study finds that of all the STI challenges facing firms, universities, and public research organizations in Uganda, the barriers to collaboration and communication are the most urgent in terms of STI priorities to address in the coming years.
Alors même que les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne poursuivent leurs efforts pour améliorer les acquis scolaires de leurs enfants en réformant leur système éducatif, l’accessibilité financière et la disponibilité des manuels continuent de poser de véritables défis. Mais, malgré l’importance du soutien technique et du financement apportés par les partenaires, dont la Banque mondiale, l’accessibilité financière et la disponibilité des manuels restent un objectif difficile à atteindre dans la majorité des pays, tant pour les enseignants que pour les élèves. La plupart des pays africains sont confrontés à de faibles acquis scolaires et de forts taux d’abandon. Deux tiers seulement des enfants scolarisés achèvent leurs études et environ la moitié d’entre eux possèdent des compétences de base en calcul et en lecture. Les manuels scolaires sont généralement considérés comme un moyen indispensable et économique d’améliorer la qualité de l’apprentissage. Fournir des manuels scolaires à tous les enfants d’Afrique subsaharienne : stratégies de lutte contre leur cherté et leur faible disponibilité propose des mesures susceptibles de réduire les coûts des manuels et d’augmenter leur disponibilité. Le présent ouvrage examine en détail les coûts et les obstacles financiers entravant la disponibilité des manuels dans les écoles d’une grande partie de la région, ainsi que les mesures adoptées avec succès dans d’autres pays. Il fournit également une évaluation rigoureuse des avantages et inconvénients des matériels pédagogiques numériques et appelle à la prudence quant à l’idée qu’ils peuvent immédiatement remplacer les manuels imprimés. Conçu pour susciter un débat entre responsables de l’action publique, partenaires de développement et autres parties prenantes d’Afrique, Fournir des manuels scolaires à tous les enfants d’Afrique subsaharienne : stratégies de lutte contre leur cherté et leur faible disponibilité fournit des informations et une analyse à la fois pratiques et pertinentes.
Science, Technology and Innovation in Uganda is part of the World Bank Studies series. These papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank s ongoing research and to stimulate public discussion. This study presents a unique methodology to view science, technology and innovation (STI) in developing countries. The study provides a set of cases studies drawn from a diverse range of experiences across the Ugandan private sector and offers concrete policy recommendations on how to support broader development of STI in Uganda. The study finds that of all the STI challenges facing firms, universities, and public research organizations in Uganda, the barriers to collaboration and communication are the most urgent in terms of STI priorities to address in the coming years.
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