This book addresses the socioeconomic and environmental implications of urban sprawl on the coastline of Douala-Cameroon by making use of qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The findings of the work portray that sprawl in Cameroon is orchestrated by inadequate policy implementation, archaic master plan, inadequate information dissemination to the public, inequality in the distribution of resources among the different regions of the State and above all, the gaps elucidated by the traditional form of management. The work upholds that livelihood strategies and environmental protection are intricately linked, and therefore, there is a need for ICM as the management approach blends the two adequately. Based on the experience drawn from Xiamen ICM, the study concludes that Douala needs an autonomous coastal interagency to address the gaps punctuated by sectoral management, and thus, enhance the sustainable management of its coastal milieu.
Scientific Study from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: NA, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, language: English, abstract: This study is an enquiry into the socio-epidemiological characteristics of sections of the Douala municipal metropolis in Cameroon in the face of recurrent and increasingly large cholera outbreaks in Cameroon. The purpose is to provide vital insights into the extent and nature of vulnerability of the populations to cholera outbreaks, as well as provide a leeway for the effective identification of maximum risk areas and vulnerable populations so as to tailor limited response resources efficiently and effectively. The study establishes the following:1). Contrary to the popular belief that in a cholera endemic setting, the greatest burden is in the younger age groups (0-2 and 3-9), in the case of Douala, based on data of the last three epidemiological periods (2010, 2011 and 2012), the young adult / adult age groups (21-30 and 31–40 years) have been identified as the most vulnerable. 2). Concerning gender, males have been found to be far more vulnerable than females; 3). Social characteristics not commonly considered in public health strategies, including: attitudes towards hygiene and sanitation, limited knowledge of diseases and cholera transmission mechanisms, as well as magico-religious beliefs on the origins of cholera, are possibly the dominant causes of high vulnerability to cholera and/or serve as major hindrances to effective mitigation; 4). Cholera risk factors such as slum settlements, lack of proper social amenities and services for example potable water, drainage, waste collection, hygiene and sanitation facilities, are generally spread through out the Littoral Region and Douala in particular, though characterized by glaring unevenness constitute important risk facts but not direct causes of high vulnerability. Though there appears to be a direct relationship between the existence of risk factors and vulnerability, human attitudes and beliefs are the bridge linking these two concepts. Finally, an Integrated Cholera Management (ICM) framework has been proposed. This framework is intended to show the interconnected components in an ideal cholera management system in Cameroon.
Scientific Study from the year 2012 in the subject Medicine - Epidemiology, Universiti Brunei Darussalam (Department of Geography and Development, and Environmental Studies), language: English, abstract: Cholera in the Littoral Region of Cameroon, precisely in the city of Douala has become not just a public health crisis but a humanitarian disaster as well. Recently, contrary to the announcement made by the Ministry of Public Health that no case of cholera had been recorded, 23,000 people have contracted cholera and 843 died of the disease in the region between 2010 and 2012 . This study, therefore, establishes the following: 1). Contrary to popular belief that in a cholera endemic setting the greatest burden is in the younger age groups, in the case of Douala, during the 2010, 2011 and 2012 epidemiological periods, the young adult and adult age groups are the most vulnerable; and males are far more vulnerable than females; 2). Cholera risk factors such as slum settlements, lack of proper social amenities and services, for example, potable water; drainage; waste collection; hygiene and sanitation facilities, are generally spread throughout the Littoral Region and Douala in particular, though characterized by glaring unevenness; 3). Social characteristics not generally considered in public health strategies, including: attitudes towards hygiene and sanitation; limited knowledge of diseases/cholera transmission mechanisms, as well as magico-religious beliefs on the origins of cholera, are, however reasons for the high vulnerability to cholera and/or major hindrances to effective mitigation; 4). Finally, it concludes that though there appears to be a direct relationship between the existence of cholera risk factors and community vulnerability, social attitudes and beliefs are the bridge linking these two concepts. KEYWORDS: Cholera epidemics, Socio-environment, Community vulnerability, effective response, Douala, Cameroon
This book addresses the socioeconomic and environmental implications of urban sprawl on the coastline of Douala-Cameroon by making use of qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The findings of the work portray that sprawl in Cameroon is orchestrated by inadequate policy implementation, archaic master plan, inadequate information dissemination to the public, inequality in the distribution of resources among the different regions of the State and above all, the gaps elucidated by the traditional form of management. The work upholds that livelihood strategies and environmental protection are intricately linked, and therefore, there is a need for ICM as the management approach blends the two adequately. Based on the experience drawn from Xiamen ICM, the study concludes that Douala needs an autonomous coastal interagency to address the gaps punctuated by sectoral management, and thus, enhance the sustainable management of ist coastal milieu.
Scientific Study from the year 2012 in the subject Medicine - Epidemiology, Universiti Brunei Darussalam (Department of Geography and Development, and Environmental Studies), language: English, abstract: Cholera in the Littoral Region of Cameroon, precisely in the city of Douala has become not just a public health crisis but a humanitarian disaster as well. Recently, contrary to the announcement made by the Ministry of Public Health that no case of cholera had been recorded, 23,000 people have contracted cholera and 843 died of the disease in the region between 2010 and 2012 . This study, therefore, establishes the following: 1). Contrary to popular belief that in a cholera endemic setting the greatest burden is in the younger age groups, in the case of Douala, during the 2010, 2011 and 2012 epidemiological periods, the young adult and adult age groups are the most vulnerable; and males are far more vulnerable than females; 2). Cholera risk factors such as slum settlements, lack of proper social amenities and services, for example, potable water; drainage; waste collection; hygiene and sanitation facilities, are generally spread throughout the Littoral Region and Douala in particular, though characterized by glaring unevenness; 3). Social characteristics not generally considered in public health strategies, including: attitudes towards hygiene and sanitation; limited knowledge of diseases/cholera transmission mechanisms, as well as magico-religious beliefs on the origins of cholera, are, however reasons for the high vulnerability to cholera and/or major hindrances to effective mitigation; 4). Finally, it concludes that though there appears to be a direct relationship between the existence of cholera risk factors and community vulnerability, social attitudes and beliefs are the bridge linking these two concepts. KEYWORDS: Cholera epidemics, Socio-environment, Community vulnerability, effective response, Douala, Cameroon
Scientific Study from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: NA, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, language: English, abstract: This study is an enquiry into the socio-epidemiological characteristics of sections of the Douala municipal metropolis in Cameroon in the face of recurrent and increasingly large cholera outbreaks in Cameroon. The purpose is to provide vital insights into the extent and nature of vulnerability of the populations to cholera outbreaks, as well as provide a leeway for the effective identification of maximum risk areas and vulnerable populations so as to tailor limited response resources efficiently and effectively. The study establishes the following:1). Contrary to the popular belief that in a cholera endemic setting, the greatest burden is in the younger age groups (0-2 and 3-9), in the case of Douala, based on data of the last three epidemiological periods (2010, 2011 and 2012), the young adult / adult age groups (21-30 and 31–40 years) have been identified as the most vulnerable. 2). Concerning gender, males have been found to be far more vulnerable than females; 3). Social characteristics not commonly considered in public health strategies, including: attitudes towards hygiene and sanitation, limited knowledge of diseases and cholera transmission mechanisms, as well as magico-religious beliefs on the origins of cholera, are possibly the dominant causes of high vulnerability to cholera and/or serve as major hindrances to effective mitigation; 4). Cholera risk factors such as slum settlements, lack of proper social amenities and services for example potable water, drainage, waste collection, hygiene and sanitation facilities, are generally spread through out the Littoral Region and Douala in particular, though characterized by glaring unevenness constitute important risk facts but not direct causes of high vulnerability. Though there appears to be a direct relationship between the existence of risk factors and vulnerability, human attitudes and beliefs are the bridge linking these two concepts. Finally, an Integrated Cholera Management (ICM) framework has been proposed. This framework is intended to show the interconnected components in an ideal cholera management system in Cameroon.
Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2009 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Demographics, Urban Management, Planning, , language: English, abstract: A village development plan is a document that outlines development procedures prepared by a village that can be used to mobilise potentials; capacities and allocation of resources. The goal is to move a village from their present situation to a desired one in an orderly and acceptable manner within a given time frame. It is a systematic approach that aims at sustainable management of natural resources and livelihood development at the village level. It is aimed at creating an environment for investors of the village in the long run. The development planning process of Ebeagwa, Tayor and Edjuingang villages lasted for ten days. The assignment was facilitated by facilitators from ENPADI-NGO. It was guided by a manual for the elaboration of VDPs prepared by the capacity building component of Rumpi. This VDP creates a venue for both technical services and financial bodies to be involved and to play different roles in community development. It is developed in the context whereby the village community is the committed owner and driver of the development process. Ebeagwa, Tayor and Edjuingang villages are found within the Tinto Municipality, located within the Upper Bayang sub-division in the Manyu Division of the South West Region the area has an estimated population of 4,700 inhabitants. Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of these villages. Revenue is generated mainly from the sales of cocoa and palm oil, which constitutes the main source of income to the farmers. Other crops cultivated include; coco yams, yams, corn, egusi, cassava, vegetables etc. The VDP of Ebeagwa, Tayor and Edjuingang villages comprises of seven chapters. Chapter one introduces the community, chapter two, three and four gives information on the background, livelihood activities, and participatory land use map and land tenure system respectively. Chapter and six give needs for assessment, community vision and also outline priority projects, while chapter seven gives the general conclusion and recommendation of the VDP. Based on data collection and analysis, problems are addressed in the sectors of health, agriculture, environment and infrastructure. [...]
Project Report from the year 2009 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Demographics, Urban Management, Planning, , language: English, abstract: A village development plan is a document that outlines clearly development procedures prepared by a village that can be used to mobilize potentials, capacities and allocation of resources. The goal is to move a village from its present situation to a desired one in an orderly and acceptable manner within a given time frame. It is a systematic approach that aims at sustainable management of natural resources and livelihood development at the village level. It is aimed at creating an environment for investors of the village in the long run. The purpose of the exercise was to guide the two villages prepare a development plan in a cluster fashion. A manual (including the different participatory and learning tools and methods) prepared by the PSMNR-SWP through its lead partner responsible for result 4 - DED was used throughout the planning process. The specific objective of the assignment was to assist the villagers find solutions for CBNRM strategies that shall contribute to improving livelihood as well as smaller infrastructure projects (demand driven), also find solutions for communal forest management activities and finally include within the VDP, a “Package” of priority interventions recommended for implementation through the PSMNR-SWP. The development planning process of Ekonjo and Upper Boando villages lasted a total of ten days. In each village, five days were spent so as to assess the base situation and document the strengths, potentials and problems for development. In the last two days, joint meetings were organized to finally select and prioritized the projects for the two villages, and also come out with a strategic and annual implementation plan and a monitoring and evaluation plan. Ekonjo and Upper Boando villages are found in Buea municipality, located within the Buea Sub-division in Fako Division of the South West Region. Upper Boando and Ekonjo villages are quite small villages in terms of population sizes. Ekonjo village has a total of 104 persons with 54 of them permanently residing in the village and 50 outside. Upper Boando on the other hand has 77 persons, 26 of them residing in the village and 51 outside. The main economic activity of the two villages is farming and the most important crops cultivated are plantain and banana. For Ekonjo, average revenue generated from plantains per household per year is 158,000 FCFA and for Upper Boando is 328,000 FCA.
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