The goal of modern dentistry is to restore the patient function, comfort, esthetics speech & health, which can be done by removing caries from a tooth and restoring it, or by replacing missing teeth. What makes implant dentistry unique is the ability to achieve this goal, regardless of atrophy, disease, or any injury of the stomatognathic system. As a result of latest researches, diagnostic tools, treatment planning, implant designs, materials and techniques, predictable success is now a reality for the rehabilitation of many challenging clinical situations. Dental implants are the treatment of choice for the replacement of missing teeth nowadays. However, placement of the implant in alveolar bone remains a challenge for most of the clinicians due to the resorption of the residual alveolar ridge, resulting in insufficient bone volume in one or more dimensions. The purpose of this book is to discuss and elaborate the review various complications and failures in implantology before and after the placement of a dental implant.
Medical and dental devices that allin contact with, sterile body tissues or fluids are considered critical items. These items should be sterile when used, because any microbial contamination could result in disease transmission. Such items include surgical instruments, biopsy forceps, and implanted medical devices. If these items are heat resistant, the recommended sterilization process is steam sterilization, because it has the largest margin of safety due to its reliability, consistency, and lethality. However, reprocessing heat and moisture sensitive items require use of a low-temperature sterilization technology (e.g., ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, per acetic acid). This book is a small determination to summarize a clinical guileless approach toward sterilization and disinfection in the field of dental operatory along with history, sterilization techniques, instrument processing & sterilization monitoring, mechanisms of disease transmission, personal protective barriers, and waste management.
Dr Pushkar Kumar Tiwari is consultant Orthodontics and dentofacial Orthopedics . He has done his graduation from Tribhuvan University. He has completed his Master of dental surgery in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics from Chandra Dental college and Hospital, Lucknow . He has an outstanding clinical experience in near about all orthodontics as well as orthopedics treatment. He has a numerous publication to his credit and is an dedicated active resercher. Dr Dipti Singh is an oral physician and maxillofacial radiologist in Lucknow Uttar PradeshShe has appointed as reviewer in many national and international journals. Presently she is working as associate professor and head of department of oral medicine and radiology in Chandra inter College and hospital safedabad Barabanki India Dr Sudhanshu Agarwal is consultant Periodontist and Implantologist in Lucknow Uttar Pradesh. He has an outstanding clinical experience in near about all the periodontal surgical procedures especially in mucogingival surgery under surgical operating microscope as well as in implants. He is dedicated innovative scientific researcher. Presently he is working in department of periodontology Chandra Dental College and hospital as an associate professor. Dr. Kunwar Satish is M.D.S and is Associate. Professor in Dept. Of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Mithila Minority Dental College & Hospital Darbhanga, Bihar .He has outstanding clinical experience. Dedicated resourceful and innovative scientific researcher. Dr. Priyanka Kumari is TUTOR in RIMS Ranchi. She has graduated from Rama Dental College Kanpur and post graduated from Vananchal institute of Dental sciences Garwah, Jharkdand. She has outstanding clinical experience. Dedicated resourceful and innovative scientific researcher.
The use of dental implants has revolutionized the treatment of partially and fully edentulous patients today. Implants have become a treatment approach for managing a broad range of clinical dilemmas due to their high level of predictability and success. However, certain risk factors might predispose individuals to lower success rates and to a greater hazard for implant failure with an increasing number of implants being placed, peri-implantitis is becoming a prevalent and notable disease, affecting 2.7% to 47.1% of implants.
This book presents the state-specific dimensions of the governance of higher education in Bihar, India, based on a real-case perspective. It discusses the policies of the center and state governments, and their implications on the state's higher education system. It addresses the issues and challenges faced by the higher education sector from the point of view of multiple stakeholders at center, state, university and college levels, while examining influential power centers. The volume focuses on select universities in the state and looks at how they manage policies, schemes and regulations. It deals with key themes such as the role of state and regulatory bodies such as the University Grants Commission; the balance of power; resource scarcity; the inadequacy of top-down governance models; governance failure; and the autonomy of universities. It explores the conflict between the politics and economics of governance and efficiency; the promotion and recruitment of senior office-bearers and teachers; the privatization of colleges; and financing, admission and examination systems. Through an in-depth study using empirical unit-level data from the All-India Survey of Higher Education, examples and theoretical frameworks, the book analyzes the reasons for the underperformance of the governance system of higher education in Bihar. It also offers suggestions and policy recommendations to help improve its planning and management via participative and responsible governance and informed institutional leadership. This book will be of interest to students, teachers and researchers of education, higher education, economics, governance and public administration, and development studies. It will also be useful to educationists and experts, education administrators, policymakers, bureaucrats and the governing bodies of higher education institutions.
There can be no dispute that the judges of the high courts and the Supreme Court of India wield tremendous powers. However, power comes with a price which bestows huge responsibility. Building on this narrative, the book advocates that judges must be made accountable not only in respect of their personal conduct and integrity, but also in respect of the judicial verdicts they deliver. This book, thus, critically discusses Articles 141, 142, and 144, which make the Supreme Court the most powerful institution in the country, and Articles 32 and 136, which also confer wide powers on it. Using these powers, the apex court sometimes, unmindful of the budgetary and other vital implications, tends to pass orders which lack the scope for implementation. The book suggests measures to improve the functioning of Indian judicial system and save the institutions of justice from turning autocratic and narcissistic.
This book offers an innovative approach to studying ‘judicial activism’ in the Indian context in tracing its history and relevance since 1773. While discussing the varying roles of the judiciary, it delineates the boundaries of different organs of the State — judiciary, executive and legislature — and highlights the points where these boundaries have been breached, especially through judicial interventions in parliamentary affairs and their role in governance and policy. Including a fascinating range of sources such as legal cases, books, newspapers, periodicals, lectures, historical texts and records, the author presents the complex sides of the arguments persuasively, and contributes to new ways of understanding the functioning of the judiciary in India. This paperback edition, with a new Afterword, updates the debates around the raging questions facing the Indian judiciary. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of law, political science and history, as well as legal practitioners and the general reader.
The goal in periodontal therapy is the creation of an environment that is conducive to maintaining the patient’s dentition in good health, comfort and function. Today, with the introduction of advanced bone grafting techniques and sophisticated bone replacement graft materials, it is possible to increase the volume, width and height of bone in deficient areas enough to regenerate supporting periodontal tissues around questionable teeth and place implants in ideal positions and angulation resulting in more acceptable and predictable restoration. This book aims to discuss and elaborate the various bone grafts used in periodontal regenerative procedures and the bone graft substitutes that have come to existence more recently with improved properties.
Optoelectronics is a rapidly expanding field of research and development. In years to come, it is destined to play a primary role in the growing information industry. The basic philosophy behind the science and technology of optoelectronics is to create and develop photonic devices in which optical photons (light waves) instead of electronic carriers, are manipulated for the conventional task performed by microelectronics. Thanks to the availability of large bandwidth at optical frequencies, the development of cost-effective low-loss low-dispersion silica fibers for optical transmission, and the possibility of ultra-fast two-dimensional processing, the field of present-day microelectronics is moving steadily towards this new technology of optoelectronics and photonics.This volume presents reviews of different areas of optoelectronics written by international experts in the field, covering most of the topics of recent importance. It includes detailed discussions on semiconductor lasers and optical amplifiers; optical fiber transmission; photodetectors; optoelectronic and photonic integrated circuits; light-wave telecommunications; optical signal and image processing; optical computing; nonlinear and integrated optics; space-time Fourier optics; optical metrology and sensing and optical interconnects. All chapters are written in the style of a textbook containing tutorial sections which should be of great use to graduate students. The volume should serve as an excellent book for graduate level course on optoelectronics, modern optical engineering, and optical communications.
This book deals with the design of CMOS compatible analog circuits using current mode techniques. The chapters are organized in order of growing circuit complexity. The area of analog signal processing is introduced to readers as an evergreen subject of academics and research interest. The contents cover various interfacing circuits, different types of amplifiers, single-time constant networks and higher order networks for system design applications. Features: • Presents the design of CMOS analog circuits using the current-mode building blocks in a comprehensive manner • Covers several amplifiers, different types of current mode filters including electronically tune-able ones with ease of integration features • Discusses in detail the waveform generation circuits and their applications in communication systems • Presents advanced topics related to field programmable analog arrays • Proposes new current-mode activation function circuit for neural networks This book covers electronic tuning aspects of circuits with the help of solved examples and unsolved exercises. The contents include many non-linear applications using current-mode techniques. In form of signal generators, many oscillators for various communication and instrumentation systems are presented. Few current-mode configurable analog cells and their tuning aspects are covered. Some SPICE based results are given in support of presented circuits. Each chapter discusses the IC compatibility issue, which provides useful direction for carrying out laboratory exercises on the subject. The book is expected to serve as an ideal reference text for research, senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of electrical, electronics, instrumentation and communications engineering. .
A comprehensive summary of theoretical and practical developments in LTE Heterogeneous Networks The last decade has witnessed the proliferation of mobile broadband data and the trend is likely to increase in the coming years. Current cellular networks are ill equipped to deal with this surge in demand. To satisfy user demand and maximize profits, a new paradigm to operate networks is needed. Heterogeneous networks, that deploy an overlay of small cells with limited coverage and transmit power, over a macro coverage area is the solution by providing capacity and coverage where it is needed. This book presents a comprehensive overview of small cell based heterogeneous networks within the framework of 3GPP LTE-Advanced which is the major enabler of current and future heterogeneous networks. The book first establishes the basics of LTE standards 8 -10. Wherever relevant, the underlying theory of wireless communications is explained and the signaling and protocol aspects of LTE Releases 8-10 are presented. Next the book presents a systematic study of the inter cell interference (eICIC and FeICIC) mechanisms that have been standardized in LTE releases 10 and 11 to mitigate the interference arising in heterogeneous networks. From simple blank subframe design and implementation, the book discusses more advanced transceiver signal processing and carrier aggregation (CA) based mechanisms to improve performance. Besides data, control channel enhancements such as enhanced PDCCH (ePDCCH) are also discussed. Subsequently the book discusses the possibility of base stations being allowed to coordinate to manage interference. This technique, called CoMP, has the potential of vastly improving network performance. However several practical challenges first have to be overcome before this potential can be realized. The book presents the different CoMP categories introduced in LTE release 11, the required signal processing and the changes that were introduced in Release-11 for supporting CoMP. The book then presents the state of the art developments in heterogeneous networks that are currently taking place in 3GPP with the initiation of Release 12. A whole array of new technologies have been introduced such as dynamic switching of small cells, new carrier types with reduced control signaling, dynamic reconfiguration of TDD-LTE, joint configuration of TDD and FDD via carrier aggregation and lastly advanced MIMO signal processing with three dimensional beamforming. All these technologies will work in unison leading to efficient operations of small cells. The authors thus comprehensively summarize the advances in heterogeneous networks over the last couple of years as reflected in various LTE releases and then look ahead at what to expect in the future. Fully illustrated throughout and with an accompanying website including Matlab code for simulating heterogeneous networks, LTE channel models, and References to 3GPP specifications, contributions, and updates on recent standardization activities. The authors, being involved in LTE standardization, are well placed to give an excellent view on this topic, including valuable background and design rationale. A comprehensive summary of wireless communications theory and practical developments in LTE heterogeneous networks. Authors are experts in this field and are active members in standardization proceedings, enabling up-to-date coverage of current developments Multiple case studies explain network design optimization of various heterogeneous network deployments. Accompanying website includes Matlab code for simulating heterogeneous networks, LTE channel models, and References to 3GPP specifications, contributions, and updates on recent standardization activities Essential reading for Engineers and practitioners in wireless industry.
This book presents a comprehensive assessment of anti-cartel enforcement and investigative procedures in India. It makes a case for enhanced sanctions for cartel conduct in India. Cartels are considered the most pernicious violation of competition law, referred to as "cancer to the free market economy". While competition laws in most jurisdictions prescribe strict sanctions against cartels, Indian Competition Law provides only civil penalties, with an upper ceiling for proven cartel conduct. This volume assesses the effectiveness of anti-cartel enforcement of the Competition Commission of India (CCI). It explores investigative procedures of the CCI through multiple qualitative and quantitative indicators and the extent to which enforcement of anti-cartel laws in India has led to cartel deterrence. Further, it also examines the priorities and processes of the CCI in terms of anti-cartel enforcement, their sanctioning mechanism and their dependency of computation of penalty on varied factors. Featuring detailed case law studies and engaging data, this book will be an essential read for students and researchers of law and legal studies, competition law, corporate law, intellectual property law, and business law.
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