Why have Americans severely limited the estate and gift tax - ostensibly targeted at only the very wealthy - but greatly expanded the subsidies to low-wage workers through the Earned Income Tax Credit, now the single largest poverty program in the country? Why do people hate the property tax so much, yet seemingly revolt against it only during periods of economic change? Why are some groups of taxpayers more obedient to the tax authorities than others, even when they face the same enforcement regime? These puzzling questions all revolve around perceptions of tax fairness. Is the public simply inconsistent? A sympathetic and unified explanation for these attitudes is based on understanding the everyday psychology of fairness and how it comes to be applied in taxation. This book demonstrates how a serious consideration of 'folk justice' can deepen our understanding of how tax systems actually function and how they can perhaps be reformed.
America's government intervenes in almost every aspect of its citizens' daily lives. From the air we breathe, to our health, wealth, and security, Americans wade through a vast political ocean. Unfortunately, we do so blindly; few Americans understand how or why our government regulates the market mechanisms that surround us. In Markets and Majorities, Steven Sheffrin addresses essential yet overlooked questions about political intervention in economic spheres. Why should we trust the government to clean our air? How do we know what to define as clean? What kind of health insurance business will the government run? What are the dangers of publicly financed doctors? Sheffrin first explains traditional theories of market failure, used to justify intervention. He then combines the crucial question of political viability with the fascinating particulars of policy histories. Sheffrin applies such analysis to the areas of health care, social security, environmental policy, product liability, trade policy, and fiscal and budgetary policy. He argues that beneath each area lies a unique calculus of market failure and political pressures, and convincingly demonstrates that no single policy can be understood out of economic and political context. In short, the fact that markets may fail does not guarantee that politics will succeed. By examining both sides of each policy area, Sheffrin's careful review of our national policy-making reveals a minefield where, in many cases, politics cannot help but fail as badly as markets. However, he shows that all is not lost, citing, among other examples, political intervention in the medical industry as the only hope of stopping hospitals from competitive purchases of useless technology. Markets and Majorities is must reading for anyone who has ever wondered why government just can't seem to get things done, as well as anyone who has asked why it should try in the first place.
Property tax revolts have occurred both in the United States and abroad. This book examines the causes and consequences of such revolts with a special focus on the California experience with Proposition 13. The work examines the consequences of property tax limitations for public finance with a detailed analysis of the tax system put into place in California. New theoretical approaches and new evidence from a comprehensive empirical study are used to highlight the equity and efficiency of property tax systems. Since property taxes are the primary source of revenue for local governments, the book compares and contrasts the experiences of several states with regard to the evolution of local government following property tax limitations. Finally, the book considers alternatives for reform and lessons to avoid future tax conflicts of this kind.
The most successful first edition of a principles of economics text in Prentice Hall history. The authors build a framework for economic reasoning on the Five Principles of Economics then move the student from memorization to understanding by applying these simple, intuitive and memorable principles repeatedly throughout the text in an "active learning" environment (Economic Experiments, Economic Detective, Using the Tools). The goal is for students to not only think like economists, but to act like economists. The economic analysis is rigorous yet accessible to the average student. The organization is modern and balanced, with equal weight given to Classical (long-run comes first), Keynsian, and Monetarist philosophies, with an effort to show how they are linked. Designed for that majority of students who will not go on to other economics courses, the text also functions as a solid foundation for more advanced courses. PHLIP supported.
The most successful first edition of a principles of economics text in Prentice Hall history. The authors build a framework for economic reasoning on the Five Principles of Economics then moves the student from memorization to understanding by applying these simple, intuitive and memorable principles repeatedly throughout the text in an "active learning" environment (Economic Experiments, Economic Detective, Using the Tools). The goal is for student to not only think like economists, but to act like economists. The economics analysis is rigorous yet accessible to the average student. The macroeconomics organization is modern and balanced, with equal weight given to showing how they are linked. WebCT, Blackboard, myPHLIP supported.
Covering both Micro and Macroeconomics in one concise paperback volume, this book shows readers how to think and act like an economist by showing them how to use economic concepts in their everyday lives and careers. Organized around the Five Key Principles of Economics The Principle of Opportunity Cost, The Marginal Principle, The Principle of Diminishing Returns, The Spillover Principle, and The Reality Principle. For economists and those making financial decisions and analyses.
Economics: Principles in Action is a multi-dimensional, comprehensive high school economics program designed to help students of all abilities achieve a fundamental understanding of key economic principles and their application in the real world. Twenty key economic concepts - developed by The National Council on Economic Education and outlined in the Voluntary National Content Standards in Economics - are introduced and reinforced throughout the program. At the heart of Economics: Principles in Action is demonstrating the relevance of economics to students' lives. From case studies and videos to interactive CD-ROMs, the program clarifies key economic principles and help students understand the connections between those principles and everyday life.
Why have Americans severely limited the estate and gift tax - ostensibly targeted at only the very wealthy - but greatly expanded the subsidies to low-wage workers through the Earned Income Tax Credit, now the single largest poverty program in the country? Why do people hate the property tax so much, yet seemingly revolt against it only during periods of economic change? Why are some groups of taxpayers more obedient to the tax authorities than others, even when they face the same enforcement regime? These puzzling questions all revolve around perceptions of tax fairness. Is the public simply inconsistent? A sympathetic and unified explanation for these attitudes is based on understanding the everyday psychology of fairness and how it comes to be applied in taxation. This book demonstrates how a serious consideration of 'folk justice' can deepen our understanding of how tax systems actually function and how they can perhaps be reformed.
America's government intervenes in almost every aspect of its citizens' daily lives. From the air we breathe, to our health, wealth, and security, Americans wade through a vast political ocean. Unfortunately, we do so blindly; few Americans understand how or why our government regulates the market mechanisms that surround us. In Markets and Majorities, Steven Sheffrin addresses essential yet overlooked questions about political intervention in economic spheres. Why should we trust the government to clean our air? How do we know what to define as clean? What kind of health insurance business will the government run? What are the dangers of publicly financed doctors? Sheffrin first explains traditional theories of market failure, used to justify intervention. He then combines the crucial question of political viability with the fascinating particulars of policy histories. Sheffrin applies such analysis to the areas of health care, social security, environmental policy, product liability, trade policy, and fiscal and budgetary policy. He argues that beneath each area lies a unique calculus of market failure and political pressures, and convincingly demonstrates that no single policy can be understood out of economic and political context. In short, the fact that markets may fail does not guarantee that politics will succeed. By examining both sides of each policy area, Sheffrin's careful review of our national policy-making reveals a minefield where, in many cases, politics cannot help but fail as badly as markets. However, he shows that all is not lost, citing, among other examples, political intervention in the medical industry as the only hope of stopping hospitals from competitive purchases of useless technology. Markets and Majorities is must reading for anyone who has ever wondered why government just can't seem to get things done, as well as anyone who has asked why it should try in the first place.
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