As remote sensing data and methods have become increasingly complex and varied - and increasingly reliable - so have their uses in forest management. New algorithms have been developed in virtually every aspect of image analysis, from classification to enhancements to estimating parameters. Remote Sensing for Sustainable Forest Management reviews t
Building on the groundbreaking 2012 exhibition “Byzantium and Islam: Age of Transition,” which explored the transformations and continuities in the Byzantine Empire from the seventh to the ninth century, the present volume extends the exhibition catalogue’s innovative investigation of cultural interaction between Christian and Jewish communities and the world of Islam. Eleven essays by internationally distinguished scholars address such topics as the transmission of Christian imagery to the Mediterranean, icons preserved in The Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine at Sinai, interaction between Jewish communities and the Muslim world, the purposeful mutilation of figurative floor mosaics in places of worship, the evolution of classical and Byzantine motifs in a new cosmology for Muslim rulers, and interconnections in the realm of music. Each essay provides compelling evidence that the era of transition from Byzantine to Islamic rule in the eastern Mediterranean and North Africa resulted in unprecedented cultural cross-fertilization and significantly affected the development of the Mediterranean world for centuries to come.
The diversion of water from Colorado’s Western Slope to meet the needs of the rest of the state has been a contentious issue throughout Colorado’s history. The source of Colorado’s water is in the snow that accumulates west of the Continental Divide, but the ever-growing population on the Front Range continues to require more municipal water. In As Precious as Blood, Steven C. Schulte examines the water wars between these two regions and how the western part of the state fits into Colorado’s overall water story, expanding the account of water politics he began in Wayne Aspinall and the Shaping of the American West. Slow to build its necessary water infrastructure and suffering from a small population, little political power, and distance from sources of capital, the Western Slope of Colorado has struggled to maintain its water supply in the face of challenges from the Eastern Slope as well as from surrounding states. Schulte explains in detail the reasons, rationalizations, and resources involved in the multimillion-dollar dams and reclamation projects that divert much-needed water to the Front Range and elsewhere. He draws from archives, newspapers, and oral histories to show the interrelationships among twentieth-century Colorado water law, legislators from across the state, and powerful members of congress from the Western Slope, who have influenced water policy throughout the American West. As Precious as Blood provides context for one of the most contentious legal, political, and economic periods in the state’s history. Schulte puts a human face on Colorado’s water wars by exploring their social and political dimensions alongside the technical and scientific perspectives.
This book discusses the history of thermal heat generators and focuses on the potential for these processes using micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) technology for this application. The main focus is on the capture of waste thermal energy for example from industrial processes, transport systems or the human body to generate useable electrical power. A wide range of technologies is discussed, including external combustion heat cycles at MEMS ( Brayton, Stirling and Rankine), Thermoacoustic, Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs), Multiferroics, Thermionics, Pyroelectric, Seebeck, Alkali Metal Thermal, Hydride Heat Engine, Johnson Thermo Electrochemical Converters, and the Johnson Electric Heat Pipe.
A NEWER EDITION OF THIS TITLE IS AVAILABLE. SEE ISBN: 978-0-7386-0625-5 Get the AP college credits you''ve worked so hard for... Our savvy test experts show you the way to master the test and score higher. This new and fully expanded edition includes a comprehensive review course of all the topics covered on the exam: the Colonial Period, the American Revolution, the U.S. Constitution, Westward expansion, the Civil War, Reconstruction, Industrialism, World War I, the Great Depression, World War II, the Vietnam Era, Watergate, Carter, and the New Conservatism. Features 6 full-length practice exams with all answers thoroughly explained. Follow up your study with REA''s test-taking strategies, powerhouse drills and study schedule that get you ready for test day. DETAILS - Comprehensive, up-to-date subject review of every US history topic used in the AP exam - Study schedule tailored to your needs - Packed with proven key exam tips, insights and advice - 6 full-length practice exams. All exam answers are fully detailed with easy-to-follow, easy-to-grasp explanations. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT RESEARCH & EDUCATION ASSOCIATION ABOUT THE BOOK ABOUT THE TEST ABOUT THE REVIEW SECTION SCORING THE EXAM CONTACTING THE AP PROGRAM AP U.S. HISTORY STUDY SCHEDULE AP UNITED STATES HISTORY COURSE REVIEW 1 The Colonial Period (1500-1763) 2 The American Revolution (1763-1787) 3 The United States Constitution (1787-1789) 4 The New Nation (1789-1824) 5 Jacksonian Democracy and Westward Expansion (1824-1850) 6 Sectional Conflict and the Causes of the Civil War (1850-1860) 7 The Civil War and Reconstruction (1860-1877) 8 Industrialism, War, and the Progressive Era (1877-1912) 9 Wilson and World War I (1912-1920) 10 The Roaring Twenties and Economic Collapse (1920-1929) 11 The Great Depression and the New Deal (1929-1941) 12 World War II and the Post-War Era (1941-1960) 13 The New Frontier, Vietnam, and Social Upheaval (1960-1972) 14 Watergate, Carter, and the New Conservatism (1972-2001) AP UNITED STATES HISTORY PRACTICE TESTS Test 1 Answer Sheet Answer Key Detailed Explanations of Answers Test 2 Answer Sheet Answer Key Detailed Explanations of Answers Test 3 Answer Sheet Answer Key Detailed Explanations of Answers Test 4 Answer Sheet Answer Key Detailed Explanations of Answers Test 5 Answer Sheet Answer Key Detailed Explanations of Answers Test 6 Answer Sheet Answer Key Detailed Explanations of Answers AP US HISTORY EXCERPT ABOUT THE BOOK This book gives you all the tools you''ll need to master the Advanced Placement Examination in United States History. REA''s concise review is the perfect companion to your textbook readings and classroom discussion. And our six full-length practice tests, all based on the current format of the AP exam, mirror the actual test-taking experience. We don''t stop there, however. Following each exam you''ll find an answer key complete with detailed explanations that tell you not just what''s correct but why. By studying our review section, completing all six practice exams, and carefully checking the answer explanations, you''ll be able to completely inventory your strengths and weaknesses. Follow our study schedule (see page x) and when test day rolls around, you''ll have everything you need to be completely at ease with the material. Teachers, too, will find this book an excellent resource for the Advanced Placement course in U.S. History. In fact, many AP instructors use it as a supplementary text because it so comprehensively supports and addresses specific curriculum objectives for the course and exam. ABOUT THE TEST The Advanced Placement Program is designed to allow high school students to pursue college-level studies while attending high school. The three-hour five-minute AP U.S. History exam is usually given to high school students who have completed a year''s study in a college-level U.S. History course. The test results are then used to determine the awarding of course credit and/or advanced course placement in college. According to the College Board, students taking this exam are called upon to demonstrate "systematic factual knowledge" and bring to bear critical, persuasive analysis of the full sweep of U.S. history. This is why we make every effort to establish and build upon context for you, rather than encouraging rote memorization of disconnected facts. The AP U.S. History Exam is divided into two sections: 1) Multiple-Choice: This section is composed of 80 multiple-choice questions designed to gauge your ability to understand and analyze U.S. history from the Colonial period to the present. The majority of the questions, however, are based on 19th- and 20th-century history. This section tests factual knowledge, scope of preparation, and knowledge-based analytical skills. You''ll have 55 minutes to complete this section, which accounts for 50 percent of your final grade. 2) Free-Response: This section is composed of three essay questions designed to measure your ability to write coherent, intelligent, well-organized essays on historical topics. The essays require you to demonstrate mastery of historical interpretation and the ability to express views and knowledge in writing. The essays may relate documents to different areas, analyze common themes of different time periods, or compare individual and group experiences which reflect socioeconomic, racial, gender, and ethnic differences. Part A consists of a mandatory 15-minute reading period, followed by 45 minutes during which you must answer a document-based question (DBQ), which changes from year to year. In Part B the student chooses to answer on two of the topics that are given. You will have 70 minutes to write these essays. The free-response section counts for 50 percent of your final grade. These topics are broken down into thirds: - Political Institutions (1/3rd) - Social and Economic Change (1/3rd) - Behavior and Public Policy, Diplomacy and International Relations, Intellectual and Cultural Development (1/3rd) The time periods covered are as follows: - Pre-Colonial through 1789 (1/6th of exam) - 1790-1914 (1/2 of exam) - 1915-present (1/3rd of exam) ABOUT THE REVIEW SECTION This book begins with REA''s concise yet thorough 230-page review of U.S. history designed to acquaint you with the exam''s scope of coverage. Our review covers these topics and historical time periods: - The Colonial Period (1500-1763) - The American Revolution (1763-1787) - The United States Constitution (1787-1789) - The New National (1789-1824) - Jacksonian Democracy and Westward Expansion (1824-1850) - Sectional Conflict and The Causes of the Civil War (1850-1860) - The Civil War and Reconstruction (1860-1877) - Industrialism, War, and the Progressive Era (1877-1912) - Wilson and World War I (1912-1920) - The Roaring Twenties and Economic Collapse (1920-1929) - The Great Depression and the New Deal (1929-1941) - World War II and the Post-War Era (1941-1960) - The New Frontier, Vietnam, and Social Upheaval (1960-1972) - Watergate, Carter, and the New Conservatism (1972-2001) SCORING THE EXAM The multiple-choice section of the exam is scored by crediting each correct answer with one point and deducting one-fourth of a point for each incorrect answer. You will neither receive a credit nor suffer a deduction for unanswered questions. The free-response essays are graded by instructors and professors from across the country who come together each June for a week of non-stop AP essay grading. Each essay booklet is read and scored by several graders. Each grader provides a score for the individual essays. The DBQ is scored on a scale from 0 to 15, 0 being the lowest and 15 the highest. Each topic-based essay receives a score from 0 to 9. These scores are concealed so that each grader is unaware of the previous graders'' assessments. When the essays have been graded completely, the scores are averaged-one score for each essay-so that the free-response section generates three scores. The total weight of the free-response section is 50 percent of the total score. Your work in the multiple-choice section counts for the other 50 percent. Each year, grades fluctuate slightly because the grading scale is adjusted to take into account the performance of the total AP U.S. History test-taker population. When used with the corresponding chart, the scoring method we present here will strongly approximate the score you would receive if you were sitting for the actual AP U.S. History exam. SCORING THE MULTIPLE-CHOICE SECTION For the multiple-choice section, use this formula to calculate your raw score: Number right - (number wrong x 1/4) = raw score (round to the nearest whole number) SCORING THE FREE-RESPONSE SECTION For the free-response section, use this formula to calculate your raw score: DBQ + Essay #1 + Essay #2 + = raw score (round to the nearest whole number) You may want to give your essays three different grades, such as a 13, 10, and an 8, and then calculate your score three ways: as if you di
Drawing on novels by Nabokov, Wright, Powers, DeLillo, Didion, and others, 'No Accident, Comrade' examines the shaping influence of the Cold War's obsession with chance on post-World War II fictional form.
America's struggle against Nazism is one of the few aspects of World War II that has escaped controversy. Historians agree that it was a widely popular war, different from the subsequent conflicts in Korea and Vietnam because of the absence of partisan sniping, ebbing morale, or calls for a negotiated peace. In this provocative book, Steven Casey challenges conventional wisdom about America's participation in World War II. Drawing on the numerous opinion polls and surveys conducted by the U.S. government, he traces the development of elite and mass attitudes toward Germany, from the early days of the war up to its conclusion. Casey persuasively argues that the president and the public rarely saw eye to eye on the nature of the enemy, the threat it posed, or the best methods for countering it. He describes the extensive propaganda campaign that Roosevelt designed to build support for the war effort, and shows that Roosevelt had to take public opinion into account when formulating a host of policies, from the Allied bombing campaign to the Morgenthau plan to pastoralize the Third Reich. By examining the previously unrecognized relationship between public opinion and policy making during World War II, Casey's groundbreaking book sheds new light on a crucial era in American history.
“By drawing on 400 years of social and economic history . . . [the book] presents a thoughtful and thorough guide through the life stages.” (Library Journal) Adulthood today is undergoing profound transformations. Men and women wait until their thirties to marry, have children, and establish full-time careers, occupying a prolonged period in which they are no longer adolescents but still lack the traditional emblems of adult identity. People at midlife struggle to sustain relationships with friends and partners, to achieve fulfilling careers, to raise their children successfully, and to age gracefully. The Prime of Life puts today’s challenges into new perspective by exploring how past generations navigated the passage to maturity. Whereas adulthood once meant culturally-prescribed roles and relationships, the social and economic convulsions of the last sixty years have transformed it fundamentally, tearing up these shared scripts and leaving adults to fashion meaning and coherence in an increasingly individualistic culture. Emphasizing adulthood’s joys and fulfillments as well as its frustrations and regrets, Mintz shows how cultural and historical circumstances have consistently reshaped what it means to be a grown up in contemporary society. “A triumph of historical writing.” ―The Spectator “[Mintz’s] message―that there are many ways to wear the mantle of responsible adulthood and that the 1950s model is a mere blip on history’s radar―is deeply necessary and long overdue.” ―New York Times Book Review “Describing the cultural, economic, and social changes from the Colonial era to today’s world . . . Mintz argues that neither religious nor secular middle-class values are adequate responses to the new generation’s problems.” —Choice “A thoughtful and strangely encouraging tour of an often difficult life stage.” ―Kirkus Reviews
Using post-Civil War Richmond, Virginia, as a case study, Hoffman explores the role of race and class in the city building process from 1870 to 1920. Richmond's railroad connections enabled the city to participate in the commercial expansion that accompanied the rise of the New South. A highly compact city of mixed residential, industrial and commercial space at the end of the Civil War, Richmond remained a classic example of what historians call a "walking city" through the end of the century. As city streets were improved and public transportation became available, the city's white merchants and emerging white middle class sought homes removed from the congested downtown. The city's African American and white workers generally could not afford to take part in this residential migration. As a result, the mixture of race and class that had existed in the city since its inception began to disappear. The city of Richmond exemplified characteristics of both Northern and Southern cities during the period from 1870 to 1920. Retreating Confederate soldiers had started fires that destroyed the city in 1865, but by 1870, the former capital of the Confederacy was on the road to recovery from war and reconstruction, reestablishing itself as an important manufacturing and trade center. The city's size, diversity and economic position at the time not only allows for comparisons to both Northern and Southern cities but also permits an analysis of the role of groups other than the elite in city building process. By taking a look at Richmond, we are able to see a more complete picture of how American cities have come to be the way they are.
Treating broad themes as well as specific topics, this guide to the Great Black Migration will introduce high school students to a touchstone critical to shaping the history of African Americans in the United States. The movement of Southern blacks to the urban North and West over the course of the 20th century had a profound impact on black life, affecting everything from politics and labor to literature and the popular arts. This encyclopedia provides readers and researchers with a comprehensive reference work on this central topic of African American history, exploring the breadth of the black migration experience from its origins in the agricultural economy of the post–Civil War South to the return migration of the late 20th century. Entries cover such topics as the destinations that attracted black migrants, the impact of the Great Migration on black religion, the relationship between migration and black politics, and the patterns of discrimination and racial violence migrants encountered. Unlike more general reference works on African American history, each entry in the encyclopedia situates its subject within the context of black migration and articulates connections between the subject of the entry and the overall history of the migration.
A Particular Line of Reasoning: The Origin of Systemic White Supremacy By: Dr. Steven Nur Ahmed Today, the United States, and the world, are at the proverbial crossroad. Aryanism is nationally pervasive in US institutions and at all levels of society. The issues confronting us all can no longer be hidden. We must address the United States’ foundation on Aryanism and discuss it openly if we are to make significant changes to our society today. Within A Particular Line of Reasoning, Dr. Steven Nur Ahmed addresses the history of Aryanism and white supremacy mythology from its Hinduism origin and identifies the many mythologies, philosophies, theologies, pseudoscientific theories, and political ideologies that have been used to hide its primary purpose. Dr. Ahmed uncovers the intellectual energies invested by a vast majority of the population and our institutions to create the myths of racial supremacy into a rational worldview for the sole purpose of labor exploitation and caste/class segregation. This fascinating insight into the growth of the white supremacy myth seeks to eradicate white supremacy through education and inspire real change for our future.
In Black Victory, Darlene Clark Hine examines a pivotal breakthrough in the struggle for black liberation through the voting process. She details the steps and players in the 1944 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Smith v. Allwright, a precursor to the 1965 Voting Rights Act. She discusses the role that NAACP attorneys such as Thurgood Marshall played in helping black Texans regain the right denied them by white Texans in the Democratic Party: the right to vote and to have that vote count. Hine illuminates the mobilization of black Texans. She effectively demonstrates how each part of the African American community - from professionals to laborers - was essential to this struggle and the victory against disfranchisement." --Book Jacket.
In this second edition, America’s Urban History now includes contemporary analysis of race, immigration, and cities under the Trump administration and has been fully updated with new scholarship on early urbanization, mass incarceration and cities, the Great Society, the diversification of the suburbs, and environmental justice. The United States is one of the most heavily urbanized places in the world, and its urban history is essential to understanding the fundamental narrative of American history. This book is an accessible overview of the history of American cities, including Indigenous settlements, colonial America, the American West, the postwar metropolis, and the present-day landscape of suburban sprawl and an urbanized population. It examines the ways in which urbanization is connected to divisions of society along the lines of race, class, and gender, but it also studies how cities have been sources of opportunity, hope, and success for individuals and the nation. Images, maps, tables, and a guide to further reading provide engaging accompaniment to illustrate key concepts and themes. Spanning centuries of America’s urban past, this book’s depth and insight make it an ideal text for students and scholars in urban studies and American history.
Master Techniques in General Surgery: Colon and Rectal Surgery: Abdominal Operations is a volume in a series that presents common and advanced procedures in the major subspecialities of general surgery. The series is overseen by Josef F. Fischer, MD, editor of the classic two-volume reference Mastery of Surgery. Master Techniques in General Surgery: Colon and Rectal Surgery: Abdominal Operations is written by acknowledged master surgeons, emphasizes surgical procedures, and is lavishly illustrated with original full-color drawings. The contributors fully explain their preferred techniques in step-by-step, thoroughly illustrated detail, assess indications and contraindications, offer guidelines on preoperative planning, and discuss outcomes, complications, and follow-up. Coverage includes left and right colon resections performed open and laparoscopically, colectomies, proctocolectomies, restorative and reconstructive techniques for proctocolectomy and pelvis reconstruction, stoma construction and how to repair complications of stoma construction, and treatment of rectal prolapse. A companion website will offer fully searchable content of the book, an image bank, and procedural videos.
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