Over a decade has passed since the publication of the First Edition; we have yet to understand the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and there is still no cure. A wide range of developments in techniques, materials, imaging and understanding of biological processes justify this rewrite. Above all, the experience of many colleagues worldwide with commitments to a particular anatomical or technical area has led to a more balanced and refined approach to the problems of rheumatoid surgery. It has also highlighted areas where we need radically new solutions. The two additional authors, apart from their relative youth, bring expertise in their respective fields: Steve Copeland, on the shoulder and Jo Edwards on the mechanisms of tissue damage and the rationale of medical measures. We are conscious of the importance of communication between orthopaedic colleagues worldwide and the need to use a language shared with rheumatologists and histopathologists. We consider it is for the surgeon to know more of this disease than the narrow confines of surgical technique. We are doctors with a special interest in rheumatoid arthritis and we aim to maintain the broader view rather than be confined by the limitations of over specialisation. Although joint replacement is at present a major weapon for the relief of suffering we appreciate that it is an unphysiological procedure and there are other directions for progress.
Combining humor and wisdom, this timely volume examines how presidential campaigns can—and often have—become undone by an unguarded comment, an unintentional misrepresentation, or an unwise initiative. Almost every politician has occasionally misspoken, sometimes with disastrous effect, sometimes with little effect at all. O.O.P.S.: Observing Our Politicians Stumble: The Worst Candidate Gaffes and Recoveries in Presidential Campaigns observes and analyzes this phenomenon to document why some gaffes prove fatal while others are easily survived. Combining humor with a thorough knowledge of American politics, author Stephen Frantzich uses detailed vignettes to showcase a wide range of slipups committed by presidential candidates from 1968 through 2008. He looks at what really happened in each case, as well as whether the video and reportage accurately reflected what was said or done. By delving into the reasons the media and the public react to gaffes as they do, this thoroughly entertaining analysis provides fresh insights into the workings of presidential campaigns and the roles of candidates, their handlers, the media, and the voting public, underscoring, among other things, how the media revolution has changed the landscape of presidential campaigns.
Stephen K. Medvic’s Campaigns and Elections addresses two distinct but related aspects of American electoral democracy—both the processes that constitute campaigns and elections and the players who are involved. In addition to this balanced coverage on process and actors, it also gives equal billing to both campaigns and elections, and to contests for both legislative and executive positions at the national and state and local level. The book starts by providing students with the conceptual distinctions between what happens in an election and the campaigning that proceeds it. Significant attention is devoted to setting up the context for these campaigns and elections by covering the rules of the game in the American electoral system as well as aspects of election administration and the funding of elections. Then the book systematically covers the actors at every level—candidates and their organizations, parties, interest groups, the media, and voters—and the macro level aspects of campaigns such as campaign strategy and determinants of election outcomes. The book concludes with a big picture assessment of campaign ethics and implications of the "permanent campaign".
A wide-ranging overview of the use of machine learning and AI techniques in financial risk management, including practical advice for implementation Risk Modeling: Practical Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning introduces readers to the use of innovative AI technologies for forecasting and evaluating financial risks. Providing up-to-date coverage of the practical application of current modelling techniques in risk management, this real-world guide also explores new opportunities and challenges associated with implementing machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) into the risk management process. Authors Terisa Roberts and Stephen Tonna provide readers with a clear understanding about the strengths and weaknesses of machine learning and AI while explaining how they can be applied to both everyday risk management problems and to evaluate the financial impact of extreme events such as global pandemics and changes in climate. Throughout the text, the authors clarify misconceptions about the use of machine learning and AI techniques using clear explanations while offering step-by-step advice for implementing the technologies into an organization's risk management model governance framework. This authoritative volume: Highlights the use of machine learning and AI in identifying procedures for avoiding or minimizing financial risk Discusses practical tools for assessing bias and interpretability of resultant models developed with machine learning algorithms and techniques Covers the basic principles and nuances of feature engineering and common machine learning algorithms Illustrates how risk modeling is incorporating machine learning and AI techniques to rapidly consume complex data and address current gaps in the end-to-end modelling lifecycle Explains how proprietary software and open-source languages can be combined to deliver the best of both worlds: for risk models and risk practitioners Risk Modeling: Practical Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning is an invaluable guide for CEOs, CROs, CFOs, risk managers, business managers, and other professionals working in risk management.
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