Carbon is the centerpiece in most chemicals and fuels. In light of climate change non-fossil paths to supply it are necessary. Carbon monoxide is a key molecule for carbon utilization. Forming it into hydrocarbons is an established process. Gliding arc plasma sources can produce it by ‚warm‘ plasma, which has high reactivity and space-time yield at low energy input. The first part of this work deals with the construction and characterization of two gliding arc plasma sources and driver circuits. In the second part, they are used to split CO₂ into carbon monoxide and oxygen in a coaxial reactor utilizing a ceramic quench. Two new plasma processes are presented in the third part as less energy intensive alternatives: The calcination of a carbonates and simultaneous splitting of CO₂ by plasma as well as the gasification of organic solid waste coupled to reforming to syngas. In the fourth part, the processes are evaluated economically for a simplified example syngas-to-methanol plant.
Carbon is the centerpiece in most chemicals and fuels. In light of climate change non-fossil paths to supply it are necessary. Carbon monoxide is a key molecule for carbon utilization. Forming it into hydrocarbons is an established process. Gliding arc plasma sources can produce it by ‚warm‘ plasma, which has high reactivity and space-time yield at low energy input. The first part of this work deals with the construction and characterization of two gliding arc plasma sources and driver circuits. In the second part, they are used to split CO₂ into carbon monoxide and oxygen in a coaxial reactor utilizing a ceramic quench. Two new plasma processes are presented in the third part as less energy intensive alternatives: The calcination of a carbonates and simultaneous splitting of CO₂ by plasma as well as the gasification of organic solid waste coupled to reforming to syngas. In the fourth part, the processes are evaluated economically for a simplified example syngas-to-methanol plant.
With the invasion of the allied troops began for Italy not only the fight against Germany, but also a time of the horror. This book is intended to give a brief overview of the events from September 1943 to the German capitulation in May 1945. The incredible massacre of Italian soldiers on the Greek island of Cephalonia can also be found in this book, as well as the massacres of Marzabotto, Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Roma - Fosse Ardeatine and many other little-known villages. Hundreds of villages and towns, thousands of civilians, men, women but also children can be found here in this book and give us only slightly the horror of this time. Learning from history means preventing something from happening again.
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