Optical anisotropy effects can occur in building envelopes made of tempered glass. The visual effect has been neglected in the evaluation of the building product and increasingly leads to disputes between the parties involved. This thesis extends the state of knowledge on the cause and perception of optical anisotropic effects and presents a concept for measuring and evaluating them in flat monolithic tempered architectural glass. Initially, an overview and description of current photoelastic measurement methods are given, and the accuracy of the used measurement setups is verified for the first time. The experimental basis for the concept is formed by extensive full-field retardation measurements in the laboratory and field studies of the maximum visibility of the anisotropy effects in an outdoor test rig with accompanying polarization measurements of the sky. Various glass types, geometries, and tempering levels are selected based on typically used products, and their influence on the resulting retardation image is investigated. Determining a correlation of the retardation images with the reflection images of selected test specimens in the outdoor test rig complements the experiments. Based on this, digital evaluation methods are presented, further developed, and applied to the measured retardation images. From the critical analysis of these results, limit values for different anisotropy quality classes are derived, and the concept is complemented. With the implementation of the evaluation methods and the limit values in commercial anisotropy scanners, the quality of each glass pane can be determined directly after tempering in the future. By choosing the highest quality class A, it will be possible in the future to significantly reduce anisotropy effects in constructions made of tempered glass panes.
For a more encompassing and stimulating picture of Modernism seen as a movement of the 20th century, a broad spectrum of work across many countries we must explore its diversity. Portuguese Modernism manifested itself both in visual art and in literature, and made a vigorous contribution to this time of profound cultural change. Indeed, the sociocultural transformations that marked the early 20th century in Portugal are still current. This volume provides a critical guide for students and teachers, contributed by an array of scholars with unparalleled knowledge of the period, its artists and its writers. Steffen Dix is Research Fellow at the Institute of Social Science, University of Lisbon; Jeronimo Pizarro is Research Fellow at the Linguistics Centre, University of Lisbon.
For a more encompassing and stimulating picture of Modernism seen as a movement of the 20th century, a broad spectrum of work across many countries we must explore its diversity. Portuguese Modernism manifested itself both in visual art and in literature, and made a vigorous contribution to this time of profound cultural change. Indeed, the sociocultural transformations that marked the early 20th century in Portugal are still current. This volume provides a critical guide for students and teachers, contributed by an array of scholars with unparalleled knowledge of the period, its artists and its writers. Steffen Dix is Research Fellow at the Institute of Social Science, University of Lisbon; Jeronimo Pizarro is Research Fellow at the Linguistics Centre, University of Lisbon.
Optical anisotropy effects can occur in building envelopes made of tempered glass. The visual effect has been neglected in the evaluation of the building product and increasingly leads to disputes between the parties involved. This thesis extends the state of knowledge on the cause and perception of optical anisotropic effects and presents a concept for measuring and evaluating them in flat monolithic tempered architectural glass. Initially, an overview and description of current photoelastic measurement methods are given, and the accuracy of the used measurement setups is verified for the first time. The experimental basis for the concept is formed by extensive full-field retardation measurements in the laboratory and field studies of the maximum visibility of the anisotropy effects in an outdoor test rig with accompanying polarization measurements of the sky. Various glass types, geometries, and tempering levels are selected based on typically used products, and their influence on the resulting retardation image is investigated. Determining a correlation of the retardation images with the reflection images of selected test specimens in the outdoor test rig complements the experiments. Based on this, digital evaluation methods are presented, further developed, and applied to the measured retardation images. From the critical analysis of these results, limit values for different anisotropy quality classes are derived, and the concept is complemented. With the implementation of the evaluation methods and the limit values in commercial anisotropy scanners, the quality of each glass pane can be determined directly after tempering in the future. By choosing the highest quality class A, it will be possible in the future to significantly reduce anisotropy effects in constructions made of tempered glass panes.
Reassessing the Radical Enlightenment comprises fifteen new essays written by a team of international scholars. The collection re-evaluates the characteristics, meaning and impact of the Radical Enlightenment between 1660 and 1825, spanning England, Ireland, the Dutch Republic, France, Germany and the Americas. In addition to dealing with canonical authors and celebrated texts, such as Spinoza and his Tractus theologico-politicus, the authors discuss many less well-known figures and debates from the period. Divided into three parts, this book: Considers the Radical Enlightenment movement as a whole, including its defining features and characteristics and the history of the term itself. Traces the origins and events of the Radical Enlightenment, including in-depth analyses of key figures including Spinoza, Toland, Meslier, and d’Holbach. Examines the outcomes and consequences of the Radical Enlightenment in Europe and the Americas in the eighteenth century. Chapters in this section examine later figures whose ideas can be traced to the Radical Enlightenment, and examine the role of the period in the emergence of egalitarianism. This collection of essays is the first stand-alone collection of studies in English on the Radical Enlightenment. It is a timely and comprehensive overview of current research in the field which also presents new studies and research on the Radical Enlightenment.
Die Reihe Islamkundliche Untersuchungen wurde 1969 im Klaus Schwarz Verlag begründet und hat sich zu einem der wichtigsten Publikationsorgane der Islamwissenschaft in Deutschland entwickelt. Die über 330 Bände widmen sich der Geschichte, Kultur und den Gesellschaften Nordafrikas, des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens sowie Zentral-, Süd- und Südost-Asiens.
Context-aware ranking is an important task with many applications. E.g. in recommender systems items (products, movies, ...) and for search engines webpages should be ranked. In all these applications, the ranking is not global (i.e. always the same) but depends on the context. Simple examples for context are the user for recommender systems and the query for search engines. More complicated context includes time, last actions, etc. The major problem is that typically the variable domains (e.g. customers, products) are categorical and huge, the observations are very sparse and only positive events are observed. In this book, a generic method for context-aware ranking as well as its application are presented. For modelling a new factorization based on pairwise interactions is proposed and compared to other tensor factorization approaches. For learning, the `Bayesian Context-aware Ranking' framework consisting of an optimization criterion and algorithm is developed. The second main part of the book applies this general theory to the three scenarios of item, tag and sequential-set recommendation. Furthermore extensions of time-variant factors and one-class problems are studied. This book generalizes and builds on work that has received the `WWW 2010 Best Paper Award', the `WSDM 2010 Best Student Paper Award' and the `ECML/PKDD 2009 Best Discovery Challenge Award'.
The aim of the present book is to propose a new algebraic approach to the study of norm stability of operator sequences which arise, for example, via discretization of singular integral equations on composed curves. A wide variety of discretization methods, including quadrature rules and spline or wavelet approximations, is covered and studied from a unique point of view. The approach takes advantage of the fruitful interplay between approximation theory, concrete operator theory, and local Banach algebra techniques. The book is addressed to a wide audience, in particular to mathematicians working in operator theory and Banach algebras as well as to applied mathematicians and engineers interested in theoretical foundations of various methods in general use, particularly splines and wavelets. The exposition contains numerous examples and exercises. Students will find a large number of suggestions for their own investigations.
The authors establish a series of optimal regularity results for solutions to general non-linear parabolic systems $ u_t- \mathrm{div} \ a(x,t,u,Du)+H=0,$ under the main assumption of polynomial growth at rate $p$ i.e. $ a(x,t,u,Du) \leq L(1+ Du ^{p-1}), p \geq 2.$ They give a unified treatment of various interconnected aspects of the regularity theory: optimal partial regularity results for the spatial gradient of solutions, the first estimates on the (parabolic) Hausdorff dimension of the related singular set, and the first Calderon-Zygmund estimates for non-homogeneous problems are achieved here.
“Toward a Ludic Architecture†is a pioneering publication, architecturally framing play and games as human practices in and of space. Filling the gap in literature, Steffen P. Walz considers game design theory and practice alongside architectural theory and practice, asking: how are play and games architected? What kind of architecture do they produce and in what way does architecture program play and games? What kind of architecture could be produced by playing and gameplaying?
Exploring the Hudson Valley's 100 Great Places...Just North of New York City offers a plethora of historic and scenic locations for New York and New Jersey residents to visit. The 350-page topical guide is a comprehensive book for those visiting the Hudson Valley region. The book offers up-to-date descriptions, hundreds of websites for additional information, and more than 90 illustrations by Patricia Smith. New York State Senator William J. Larkin Jr. recently stated, The beauty and history of the Hudson Valley is vividly brought to life in Steffen Kraehmer's book Exploring the Hudson Valley's 100 Great Places. He highlights the area's best sites to visit, including one dear to my heart - The National Purple Heart Hall of Honor in New Windsor. This book is destined to become the premier visitor's guide for the Hudson Valley.
In addition to econometric essentials, this book covers important new extensions as well as how to get standard errors right. The authors explain why fancier econometric techniques are typically unnecessary and even dangerous.
Explores the formation of the British state and national identity from 1603-1820 by examining the definitions of sovereignty and allegiance presented in treason trials. The king's person remained central to national identity and the state until republican challenges forced prosecutors in treason trials to innovate and redefine sovereign authority.
Like any profound technological breakthrough, the advent of sound recording ushered in a period of explosive and imaginative experimentation, growth and competition. Between the commercial debut of Edison's "talking machine" in 1889 and the first commercial radio broadcast three decades later, the recording industry was uncharted territory in terms of both technology and content. This history of the earliest years of sound recording--the time between the phonograph's appearance and the licensing of commercial radio--examines a newly created technology and industry in search of itself. It follows the story from the earliest efforts to capture sound, to the fight among wire, cylinder and disk recordings for primacy in the market, to the growth and development of musical genres, record companies and business practices that remain current today. The work chronicles the people, events and developments that turned a novel, expensive idea into a highly marketable commodity. Two appendices provide extensive lists of popular genre and ethnic recordings made between 1889 and 1919. A bibliography and index accompany the text.
An exact date for the invention of photography is evasive. Scientists and amateurs alike were working on a variety of photographic processes for much of the early nineteenth century. Thus most historians refer to the year 1839 as the “first” year of photography, not because the sensational new medium was invented then, but because that is the year it was introduced to the world. After more than 175 years, and for the first time in English, First Exposures: Writings from the Beginning of Photography brings together more than 130 primary sources from that very year—1839—subdivided into ten chapters and accompanied by fifty-three images of significant visual and historical importance. This is an astonishing work of discovery, selection, and—thanks to Steffen Siegel’s introductory texts, notes, and afterword—elucidation. The range of material is impressive: not only all the chemical and technological details of the various processes but also contracts, speeches, correspondence of every kind, arguments, parodies, satires, eulogies, denunciations, journals, and even some poems. Revealing through firsthand accounts the competition, the rivalries, and the parallels among the various practitioners and theorists, this book provides an unprecedented way to understand how the early discourse around photographic techniques and processes transcended national boundaries and interconnected across Europe and the United States.
The international summer school on Calculus of Variations and Geometric Evolution Problems was held at Cetraro, Italy, 1996. The contributions to this volume reflect quite closely the lectures given at Cetraro which have provided an image of a fairly broad field in analysis where in recent years we have seen many important contributions. Among the topics treated in the courses were variational methods for Ginzburg-Landau equations, variational models for microstructure and phase transitions, a variational treatment of the Plateau problem for surfaces of prescribed mean curvature in Riemannian manifolds - both from the classical point of view and in the setting of geometric measure theory.
Having lost his beloved wife, Cale Wilder must find his 14 year old son, Daniel, who has run away to the place where his mother spent part of her childhood. In the process, Cale crashes his Cessna during a thunderstorm and ends up at Miranda Sinclair's cottage. Was it chance or fate that has brought Cale, Daniel and Miranda together in her isolated mountain home?
Booknews: This textbook on American government and politics seeks to encourage direct participation by citizens in the political process. Each chapter includes a discussion question on a controversial issue and an example of how the student can become actively involved in American politics. A sampling of topics includes the Constitution, federalism, civil rights, political parties, elections, Congress, the Presidency, bureaucracy, the Judiciary, domestic and economic policy, and foreign policy. Coverage extends to the results of the November 2000 presidential elections with an analysis of its implications for the future.
In this steamy Southern romance, Jenna Proffit attempts to rebuild her life after the unexpected death of her husband and soon finds herself caught up in scandal and seduction when her brother-in-law comes to town searching for answers. Original.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.