Lifetime spectroscopy is one of the most sensitive diagnostic tools for the identification and analysis of impurities in semiconductors. Since it is based on the recombination process, it provides insight into precisely those defects that are relevant to semiconductor devices such as solar cells. This book introduces a transparent modeling procedure that allows a detailed theoretical evaluation of the spectroscopic potential of the different lifetime spectroscopic techniques. The various theoretical predictions are verified experimentally with the context of a comprehensive study on different metal impurities. The quality and consistency of the spectroscopic results, as explained here, confirms the excellent performance of lifetime spectroscopy.
A practical human rights approach strengthens environmental protection without requiring radical departures from established protection regimes and legal principles.
Providing vital knowledge on the design and synthesis of specific metal-organic framework (MOF) classes as well as their properties, this ready reference summarizes the state of the art in chemistry. Divided into four parts, the first begins with a basic introduction to typical cluster units or coordination geometries and provides examples of recent and advanced MOF structures and applications typical for the respective class. Part II covers recent progress in linker chemistries, while special MOF classes and morphology design are described in Part III. The fourth part deals with advanced characterization techniques, such as NMR, in situ studies, and modelling. A final unique feature is the inclusion of data sheets of commercially available MOFs in the appendix, enabling experts and newcomers to the field to select the appropriate MOF for a desired application. A must-have reference for chemists, materials scientists, and engineers in academia and industry working in the field of catalysis, gas and water purification, energy storage, separation, and sensors.
Das vorliegende Buch ist ein umfassendes grundlegendes Kompendium über Dehnungsmessstreifen (DMS) und ihre Anwendung in der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik sowie in allen Bereichen des Ingenieurwesens. Es deckt sowohl die theoretischen als auch die praktischen Aspekte der Spannungsanalyse mithilfe von Dehnungsmessstreifen ab. Ein historischer Rückblick auf die Erfindung und Entwicklung von DMS fasst das "Wer, Wann und Wie" zusammen. Die umfassende Bibliographie führt zu zusätzlichen Hintergrundinformationen. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt der Spannungsanalyse zur Bestimmung der mechanischen Eigenschaften, der Tragfähigkeit und der Gebrauchstauglichkeit von Bauteilen sowie zur Planung von Monitoring und Inspektionen. Die richtige Planung und Auswertung von Messungen und die Algorithmen zur Ermittlung von Spannungen werden aufgezeigt und die Interpretation von Ergebnissen erläutert. Dabei schöpft der Autor für die praxisorientierten Beschreibungen der Messprinzipien, der Messanordnungen und der Versuchsreihen aus seinem reichen Erfahrungsschatz. Das Buch enthält eine Anzahl realer Anwendungsbeispiele mit detaillierten Anleitungen, die als Vorbilder für die Lösung ähnlicher Aufgaben betrachtet werden können. Kommentare helfen, typische Fehler und Fehlversuche zu vermeiden. Das Buch ist ein unverzichtbares Nachschlagewerk für Fachleute, die Bauteile analysieren und Messungen planen müssen, die zu zuverlässigen Ergebnissen führen. Das Buch ist lehrreich für Praktiker, die zuverlässige Messkreise installieren und die Ergebnisse beurteilen müssen. Das Buch empfiehlt sich auch für Anfänger, um sich mit den Problemen vertraut zu machen und die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Dehnungsmesstechnik kennen zu lernen.
Reflecting emerging methods and the evolution of the field, Introduction to Texture Analysis: Macrotexture, Microtexture, and Orientation Mapping keeps mathematics to a minimum in covering both traditional macrotexture analysis and more advanced electron-microscopy-based microtexture analysis. The authors integrate the two techniques and address the subsequent need for a more detailed explanation of philosophy, practice, and analysis associated with texture analysis. The book illustrates approaches to orientation measurement and interpretation and elucidates the fundamental principles on which measurements are based. Thoroughly updated, this Third Edition of a best-seller is a rare introductory-level guide to texture analysis. Discusses terminology associated with orientations, texture, and their representation, as well as the diffraction of radiation, a phenomenon that is the basis for almost all texture analysis Covers data acquisition, as well as representation and evaluation related to the well-established methods of macrotexture analysis Updated to include experimental details of the latest transmission or scanning electron microscope-based techniques for microstructure analysis, including electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) Describes how microtexture data are evaluated and represented and emphasizes the advances in orientation microscopy and mapping, and advanced issues concerning crystallographic aspects of interfaces and connectivity Offers new and innovative grain boundary descriptions and examples This book is an ideal tool to help readers in the materials sciences develop a working understanding of the practice and applications of texture.
In this richly illustrated book, Nobel Laureate Gerard ''t Hooft and Theoretical Physicist Stefan Vandoren describe the enormous diversity of natural phenomena that take place at different time scales. In the tradition of the bestseller Powers of Ten, the authors zoom in and out in time, each step with a factor of ten. Starting from one second, time scales are enlarged until processes are reached that take much longer than the age of the universe. After the largest possible eternities, the reader is treated to the shortest and fastest phenomena known. Then the authors increase with powers of ten, until again the second is reached at the end of the book. At each time scale, interesting natural phenomena occur, spread over all scientific disciplines: orbital and rotation periods of planets and stars, decay times of elementary particles and atoms, biological rhythms and evolution processes, but also the different geological time scales. Readership: Science enthusiasts and students.
Practical and easy to use, this superbly illustrated text will provide the trainee with diagnostic and surgical guidance, tips and tricks, and a good solid background to the use of minimally invasive urological surgery techniques. The editors, all experts in urological laparoscopy, have chosen an elite team, mainly from the USA and Germany,
Structure and Concentration of Point Defects in Selected Spinels and Simple Oxides presents diagrams and numerical data of important properties of spinels and oxides based on experimental results published in the literature. The values of many parameters presented can be used for optimization of preparation of new systems, to predict the practical properties of these systems. Applications include electronic devices, new metallic alloys with improved corrosion resistance, new ceramic materials, and novel catalysts, particularly for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. Organized into four comprehensive parts, the authors present the problem of the structure and concentration of ionic and electronic defects in magnetite and hausmannite, pure and doped with M3+ cations, and in spinels exhibiting magnetic properties and high electric conductance. Additional Features include: Includes 236 figures presenting equilibrium diagrams of point defects and other useful details related to stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric spinels and oxides. Details novel methods of calculation of equilibria involving point defects. Collects scattered data published in nearly 500 original articles since the 1950s on spinels and oxides in one useful volume. Building upon the data presented, this book is an indispensable reference for material scientists and engineers developing new metal or oxide-based systems can easily calculate other useful parameters and compare the properties of different materials to select the best candidates for an intended use.
Engine failures result from a complex set of conditions, effects, and situations. To understand why engines fail and remedy those failures, one must understand how engine components are designed and manufactured, how they function, and how they interact with other engine components. To this end, this book examines how engine components are designed and how they function, along with their physical and technical properties. Translated from a popular German reference work, this English edition sheds light on determining engine failure and remedies. The authors present a selection of engine failures, investigate and evaluate why they failed, and provide guidance on how to prevent such failures. A large range of possible engine failures is presented in a comprehensive, readily understandable manner, free of manufacturer bias. The scope of engines covered includes general-purpose engines found in heavy commercial vehicles, railway locomotives and vehicles, electrical generators, prime movers, and marine engines. Such engines are technical precursors to automotive engines. This book is for all who deal with engine failures: those who work in repair shops, shipyards, engineering consultancies, insurance companies and technical oversight organizations, as well as R&D departments at engine and component manufacturers. Researchers, academics, and students will learn how even the theoretically impossible can-and will-happen.
Women have developed a new self-confidence owing particularly to their involvement in social production and in the different social movements. This has again enhanced public awareness off the struggle for their liberation. The two authors, Monika Gärtner-Engel and Stefan Engel, intend their polemical treatise as a contribution to this societal discussion. At the same time they take an uncompromising stand for the liberation of women in a society freed from exploitation and oppression.
This definitive biography of one of the world’s greatest comedians unflinchingly yet affectionately uncovers the man behind the cigar. Here is the amazing career of the man the world recognized as Groucho: the improbable disasters of the vaudeville years; the Marx Brothers, an act so funny W.C. Fields refused to follow it; the unprecedented Broadway success of The Cocoanuts and Animal Crackers; the cinematic triumphs of Duck Soup and A Night at the Opera; and the marvelous come-back career as king of the game show hosts with You Bet Your Life. Here, too, is the man himself: a lonely middle child who aspired to be a doctor; a man who sabotaged three marriages; a father alternately indulgent and cruel. Intelligent and thorough, hilarious and sad, Groucho is a spectacular biography of the century’s most influential comedian.
Drawing on the author's practical work from the last 20 years, Techniques in High Pressure Neutron Scattering is one of the first books to gather recent methods that allow neutron scattering well beyond 10 GPa. The author shows how neutron scattering has to be adapted to the pressure range and type of measurement.Suitable for both newcomers and exp
An up-to-date introduction to the field, treating in depth the electronic structures of atoms, molecules, solids and surfaces, together with brief descriptions of inverse photoemission, spin-polarized photoemission and photoelectron diffraction. Experimental aspects are considered throughout and the results carefully interpreted by theory. A wealth of measured data is presented in tabullar for easy use by experimentalists.
High-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS AAS) is the most revolutionary innovation since the introduction of AAS in 1955. Here, the authors provide the first complete and comprehensive discussion of HR-CS AAS and its application to the analysis of a variety of difficult matrices. Published just in time with the first commercial instrument available for this new technique, the book is a must for all those who want to know more about HR-CS AAS, and in particular for all future users. The advantages of the new technique over conventional line-source AAS are clearly demonstrated using practical examples and numerous figures, many in full color. HR-CS AAS is overcoming essentially all the remaining limitations of established AAS, particularly the notorious problem of accurate background measurement and correction. Using a continuum radiation source and a CCD array detector makes the spectral environment visible to several tenths of a nanometer on both sides of the analytical line, tremendously facilitating method development and elimination of interferences. Conceived as a supplement to the standard reference work on AAS by B. Welz and M. Sperling, this book does not repeat such fundamentals as the principles of atomizers or atomization mechanisms. Instead, it is strictly focused on new and additional information required to profit from HR-CS AAS. It presents characteristic concentration for flame atomization and characteristic mass data for electrothermal atomization for all elements, as well as listing numerous secondary lines of lower sensitivity for the determination of higher analyte concentrations. The highly resolved molecular absorption spectra of nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acids, observed in an air-acetylene flame, which are depicted together with the atomic lines of all elements, make it possible to predict potential spectral interferences.
A history of New York subway passengers as they navigated the system's constraints while striving for individuality, or at least a smooth ride. When the subway first opened with much fanfare on October 27, 1904, New York became a city of underground passengers almost overnight. In this book, Stefan Höhne examines how the experiences of subway passengers in New York City were intertwined with cultural changes in urban mass society throughout the twentieth century. Höhne argues that underground transportation--which early passengers found both exhilarating and distressing--changed perceptions, interactions, and the organization of everyday life.
An impulse for writing this book has originated from the effort to sum marize and publicise the acquired results of a research team at the De partment of Automation of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and In formatics, Slovak Technical University in Bratislava. The research team has been involved for a long time with control problems for machine production mechanisms and, in recent (approximately 15) years, its effort was aimed mostly at the control of electrical servosystems of robots. Within this scope, the members of the authors' staff solved the State Re search Task Ultrasonic sensing of the position of a robot hand, which was coordinated by the Institute of Technical Cybernetics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava. The problem was solved in a complex way, i.e. from a conceptual de sign of the measurement, through the measurement and evaluation sys tem, up to connection to the control system of a robot. Compensation of the atmospheric influence on the precision of measurement, as well as on the electroacoustical transducers, were important parts of the solution. The solution was aimed at using the ultrasonic pulse method which en ables the measurement of absolute 3D position coordinates, contrary to the relative position measurements by the incremental pick-ups which are standard robotic equipment.
A unique biography and instruction book featuring the influential blues and roots talents of Rev. Gary Davis, in standard music notation and tablature with discography and photographs. Learn the secrets to the great blues player's techniques, and the distinctive harmonies that characterise the sound of this magical bygone era. Includes Two Step Candyman and Death Don't Have No Mercy.
Over the past few decades, the book series Linguistische Arbeiten [Linguistic Studies], comprising over 500 volumes, has made a significant contribution to the development of linguistic theory both in Germany and internationally. The series will continue to deliver new impulses for research and maintain the central insight of linguistics that progress can only be made in acquiring new knowledge about human languages both synchronically and diachronically by closely combining empirical and theoretical analyses. To this end, we invite submission of high-quality linguistic studies from all the central areas of general linguistics and the linguistics of individual languages which address topical questions, discuss new data and advance the development of linguistic theory.
This book thoroughly examines the technical parameters of photovoltaic systems, and appraises their net energy balance from production, operation and maintenance, to recycling. Similar performance and yield analysis is applied to optical, thermal, and electrical parameters and interfaces. Professor Krauter demonstrates how accurate yield calculations, optimal system performance, and new prototypes aid in cost reduction. Examples, tables and figures are included.
This book introduces physical effects and fundamentals of piezoelectric sensors and actuators. It gives a comprehensive overview of piezoelectric materials such as quartz crystals and polycrystalline ceramic materials. Different modeling approaches and methods to precisely predict the behavior of piezoelectric devices are described. Furthermore, a simulation-based approach is detailed which enables the reliable characterization of sensor and actuator materials. One focus of the book lies on piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers. An optical approach is presented that allows the quantitative determination of the resulting sound fields. The book also deals with various applications of piezoelectric sensors and actuators. In particular, the studied application areas are · process measurement technology, · ultrasonic imaging, · piezoelectric positioning systems and · piezoelectric motors. The book addresses students, academic as well as industrial reseachers and development engineers who are concerned with piezoelectric sensors and actuators.
As a movie actress Lucille Ball was, in her own words, “queen of the B-pluses.” But on the small screen she was a superstar–arguably the funniest and most enduring in the history of TV. In this exemplary biography, Stefan Kanfer explores the roots of Lucy’s genius and places it in the context of her conflicted and sometimes bitter personal life. Ball of Fire gives us Lucy in all her contradictions. Here is the beauty who became a master of knock-down slapstick; the control freak whose comic alter ego thrived on chaos, the worshipful TV housewife whose real marriage ended in public disaster. Here, too, is an intimate view of the dawn of television and of the America that embraced it. Charming, informative, touching. and laugh-out-loud funny, this is the book Lucy’s fans have been waiting for.
Riedel Technical Dictionary: Tools German/English and English/German More than 2,950 keywords with many comments and abbreviations Ever since we have begun to adapt our environment to our needs, it has become obvious that proper tools are indispensable for any kind of skilled workmanship. No matter whether we started building houses, airplanes, ships, chairs, tables or bicycles, etc: in the modern world, worldwide construction, renovation, restoration, maintenance work, etc is often carried out by specialized foreign corporations. Precise international communication has become absolutely essential for all organisational processes. This technical dictionary is like a toolbox, providing you with all the relevant vocabulary for the tools required. This technical dictionary 'Tools' offers you a comprehensive collection of technical terms translated from German to English and vice versa. You can find many important terms used in theory and practice, thereby quickly improving your daily correspondence in German. I am providing you with a reference work that allows you to considerably improve the level of your German technical communication in your job, schooling, training or studies. In our increasingly globalized world, this technical dictionary is a cornerstone for confident specialized communication.
Introduction ; Part I The Use of Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy in the Nordic and Baltic Countries; 1. Main developments in EU environmental policy legislation and implications for environ mental policy instruments in the Nordic and Baltic countries; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Economic instruments linked to energy and air emissions; 1.3 Economic instruments used in water policy - water quantity as well as water quality issues; 1.4 Economic instruments addressing waste issues and the different types of waste.
I recall seeing a snake that had been run over by a car in front of my grandmother's house. The tires had sliced the snake in half, so that a toad that had just been swallowed could hop out. ""Escaping the belly of a beast sure makes an old toad laugh."".
Technical dictionary for professional drivers, fleet managers and dangerous goods safety advisers (working in road transport) German-English/English-German
Technical dictionary for professional drivers, fleet managers and dangerous goods safety advisers (working in road transport) German-English/English-German
Riedel Technical Dictionary: Road Transport & more German/English and English/German More than 10,250 keywords with many comments and abbreviations Our increasingly globalised world economy calls for national and worldwide door-to-door delivery. Road transport, a highly flexible carrier which adapts easily to specific transportation requirements, is the key to implementing and interconnecting extensive traffic systems (e.g. in passenger transport, tourist transport and combined transport, for pre- and on-carriage in air transport, in maritime and inland waterway transport and for groupage and system transport). Because of these high demands in terms of traffic and the environment, we now have a wide variety of road transport vehicles specifically designed to meet individual demands. This technical dictionary 'Road Transport & more' offers you a comprehensive collection of technical terms translated from German to English and vice versa. It not only contains the technical vocabulary applicable to road transport but also lists terms from the related areas of customs and foreign trade, container traffic, dangerous goods, commercial management, and insurance. In this technical dictionary, you can find many important terms used in theory and practice, helping you to improve your daily correspondence in German fast. In our increasingly globalised world, this technical dictionary can be used as a key tool to help readers communicate confidently and professionally.
Over a very short period, only a few hundred years, our understanding of the cosmos, our planet Earth, the evolution of life on it, and the beginnings of our very own human endeavor have radically changed. These revolutions in science and technology have dramatically altered our societies in many ways. For quite some time it seemed as if our planets resources were unlimited. Today we know that this is not the case. Human civilizations are shaping our planets future in ways that have profound consequences for all other life on Earth as well as for us. We need to reflect broadly on what defines our human condition if we wish our societies to be successful in navigating a future that cannot be just ours but must include the broad diversity of life on Earth without which humankind will not survive. This book tells the story of how we discovered the universe, how we learned about our planet and the life evolving on it, how humanity emerged from pre-history, and what some of the future of our civilizations could hold.
Sustainable development will not happen without substantial contributions from and leading roles of companies and business organizations. This requires the provision of adequate information on corporate social and ecological impacts and performance. For the last decade, progress has been made in developing and adapting accounting mechanisms to these needs but significant work is still needed to tackle the problems associated with conventional accounting. Until recently, research on environmental management accounting (EMA) has concentrated on developed countries and on cost–benefit analysis of implementing individual EMA tools. Using a comparative case study design, this book seeks to redress the balance and improve the understanding of EMA in management decision-making in emerging countries, focussing specifically on South-East Asian companies. Drawing on 12 case studies, taken from a variety of industries, Environmental Management Accounting: Case Studies of South-East Asian Companies explores the relationship between decision situations and the motivation for, and barriers to, the application of clusters of EMA tools as well as the implementation process itself. This book will be useful to scholars interested in the environmental and sustainability management accounting research field and those considering specific approaches to EMA within emerging economies.
Essential Texts in International Law draws together the most important documents needed for the study of international law in a uniquely handy, user-friendly format. Unlike most other texts of this nature, the documents are organised according to subject matter for ease of reference: United Nations and International Peace and Security; State Transactions; State Immunity; State Responsibility; Diplomatic Relations; Economic Relations; Land, Sea, Air and Space; Human Rights; the Environment; and International Criminal Law. Each document has been allocated a unique number, which facilitates navigation for use in the classroom, and is complemented by a detailed subject index. Key features: • Concise but authoritative selection of the essential texts makes this focussed and user-friendly • Intuitive organisation of documents by subject • Unique reference number for each document facilitates navigation • Small, handy reference format for carrying to class
Earlier works on plant essential elements have revealed a series of complicated, counter-intuitive relationships among various chemical elements in different plant species, due to both unlike usage of certain elements in plants and to different carriers effecting resorption and transport. In an attempt to provide a more coherent theory behind plant mineral nutrition, this groundbreaking book adopts a very different approach from the existing literature, presenting an explanation of the essentiality of chemical elements in biological systems and the application of stoichiometric network analysis (SNA) to the biological system of elements. Starting with data from biochemical environmental analysis, and a discussion of the phenomena involved in metal ion partition and autocatalytic behaviour, conditions and criteria controlling the partition of metals into biomass are investigated. Several rules are derived and investigated in terms of their interaction both in comparisons among contemporary organisms and in terms of evolution. This allows the construction, for example of a map which directly traces the biological feature of essentiality to parameters of coordination chemistry. The book will have worldwide appeal for researchers interested in fields such as soil/plant interactions, bioinorganic chemistry, plant nutrition, phytomining, bioremediation, biogeochemistry, nutrient cycling, soil chemistry, and cellular physiology.
This book analyzes the main problems in the real-time control of parallel hybrid electric powertrains in non-road applications that work in continuous high dynamic operation. It also provides practical insights into maximizing the energy efficiency and drivability of such powertrains. It introduces an energy-management control structure, which considers all the physical powertrain constraints and uses novel methodologies to predict the future load requirements to optimize the controller output in terms of the entire work cycle of a non-road vehicle. The load prediction includes a methodology for short-term loads as well as cycle detection methodology for an entire load cycle. In this way, the energy efficiency can be maximized, and fuel consumption and exhaust emissions simultaneously reduced. Readers gain deep insights into the topics that need to be considered in designing an energy and battery management system for non-road vehicles. It also becomes clear that only a combination of management systems can significantly increase the performance of a controller.
Clearly divided into three parts, this practical book begins by dealing with all fundamental aspects of calorimetry. The second part looks at the equipment used and new developments. The third and final section provides measurement guidelines in order to obtain the best results. The result is optimized knowledge for users of this technique, supplemented with practical tips and tricks.
The Anatomy of Dolphins: Insights into Body Structure and Function is a precise, detailed, fully illustrated, descriptive, and functionally oriented text on the anatomy and morphology of dolphins. It focuses on a number of delphinid species, with keynotes on important dolphin-like genera, such as the harbor porpoise. It also serves as a useful complement for expanding trends and emphases in molecular biology and genetics. The authors share their life-long expertise on marine mammals in various disciplines. Written as a team rather than being prepared as a collection of separate contributions, the result is a uniform and comprehensive style, giving each of the different topics appropriate space. Many color figures, which use the authors' access to wide collections of unique dolphin and whale material, round out this exceptional offering to the field. - Includes high-quality illustrations, drawings, halftone artwork, photographic documentations, microphotos, and tables detailing dolphin anatomy, function, and morphology - Facilitates education and training of students of all basic research and applied sciences dedicated to marine biology and the medical care of marine mammals - Brings together the current knowledge and information on this topic, including those in obscure past or non-English publications, or scattered in short chapters in volumes - Covers a number of delphinid species and serves as a useful complement for expanding trends in molecular biology and genetics
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