Given a prime , a group is called residually if the intersection of its -power index normal subgroups is trivial. A group is called virtually residually if it has a finite index subgroup which is residually . It is well-known that finitely generated linear groups over fields of characteristic zero are virtually residually for all but finitely many . In particular, fundamental groups of hyperbolic -manifolds are virtually residually . It is also well-known that fundamental groups of -manifolds are residually finite. In this paper the authors prove a common generalization of these results: every -manifold group is virtually residually for all but finitely many . This gives evidence for the conjecture (Thurston) that fundamental groups of -manifolds are linear groups.
The Anatomy of Dolphins: Insights into Body Structure and Function is a precise, detailed, fully illustrated, descriptive, and functionally oriented text on the anatomy and morphology of dolphins. It focuses on a number of delphinid species, with keynotes on important dolphin-like genera, such as the harbor porpoise. It also serves as a useful complement for expanding trends and emphases in molecular biology and genetics. The authors share their life-long expertise on marine mammals in various disciplines. Written as a team rather than being prepared as a collection of separate contributions, the result is a uniform and comprehensive style, giving each of the different topics appropriate space. Many color figures, which use the authors' access to wide collections of unique dolphin and whale material, round out this exceptional offering to the field. - Includes high-quality illustrations, drawings, halftone artwork, photographic documentations, microphotos, and tables detailing dolphin anatomy, function, and morphology - Facilitates education and training of students of all basic research and applied sciences dedicated to marine biology and the medical care of marine mammals - Brings together the current knowledge and information on this topic, including those in obscure past or non-English publications, or scattered in short chapters in volumes - Covers a number of delphinid species and serves as a useful complement for expanding trends in molecular biology and genetics
TypeScript is one of the most important tools for JavaScript developers. Still, even experienced developers wonder why the TypeScript compiler is throwing squiggly red lines at them. Enter TypeScript Cookbook. With this practical guide, author Stefan Baumgartner provides senior engineers with solutions for everyday TypeScript problems. If you're conversant with TypeScript as well as JavaScript basics, this book provides actionable recipes to help you tackle a wide array of issues. From setting up complex project structures to developing advanced helper types, each self-contained recipe guides you through the problem and discusses why and how a solution works. The ideal companion for your ongoing TypeScript journey, this cookbook helps you: Dive into the inner workings of the TypeScript type system Integrate TypeScript into a variety of projects Craft advanced type definitions that allow for flexible scenarios Create useful helper types that function across projects Ensure readability along with type safety Create robust APIs for helper types and their coworkers Strongly type function signatures that rely on string types Work around limitations of the standard library Integrate TypeScript into advanced React projects
Now in its second edition, this textbook provides an applied and unified introduction to parametric, nonparametric and semiparametric regression that closes the gap between theory and application. The most important models and methods in regression are presented on a solid formal basis, and their appropriate application is shown through numerous examples and case studies. The most important definitions and statements are concisely summarized in boxes, and the underlying data sets and code are available online on the book’s dedicated website. Availability of (user-friendly) software has been a major criterion for the methods selected and presented. The chapters address the classical linear model and its extensions, generalized linear models, categorical regression models, mixed models, nonparametric regression, structured additive regression, quantile regression and distributional regression models. Two appendices describe the required matrix algebra, as well as elements of probability calculus and statistical inference. In this substantially revised and updated new edition the overview on regression models has been extended, and now includes the relation between regression models and machine learning, additional details on statistical inference in structured additive regression models have been added and a completely reworked chapter augments the presentation of quantile regression with a comprehensive introduction to distributional regression models. Regularization approaches are now more extensively discussed in most chapters of the book. The book primarily targets an audience that includes students, teachers and practitioners in social, economic, and life sciences, as well as students and teachers in statistics programs, and mathematicians and computer scientists with interests in statistical modeling and data analysis. It is written at an intermediate mathematical level and assumes only knowledge of basic probability, calculus, matrix algebra and statistics.
As in its first edition, the new edition of Quantitative Corpus Linguistics with R demonstrates how to process corpus-linguistic data with the open-source programming language and environment R. Geared in general towards linguists working with observational data, and particularly corpus linguists, it introduces R programming with emphasis on: data processing and manipulation in general; text processing with and without regular expressions of large bodies of textual and/or literary data, and; basic aspects of statistical analysis and visualization. This book is extremely hands-on and leads the reader through dozens of small applications as well as larger case studies. Along with an array of exercise boxes and separate answer keys, the text features a didactic sequential approach in case studies by way of subsections that zoom in to every programming problem. The companion website to the book contains all relevant R code (amounting to approximately 7,000 lines of heavily commented code), most of the data sets as well as pointers to others, and a dedicated Google newsgroup. This new edition is ideal for both researchers in corpus linguistics and instructors who want to promote hands-on approaches to data in corpus linguistics courses.
Ethnic conflicts have shaped the 20th century in significant ways. While the legacy of the last century is primarily one of many unresolved conflicts, the author contends that Western Europe has a record for settling ethnic conflicts which provides valuable lessons for conflict management elsewhere.
Taking as a starting point the widely accepted view that states confronted with terrorism must find a proper equilibrium between their respective obligations of preserving fundamental rights and fighting terrorism effectively, this book seeks to demonstrate how the design and enforcement of a human rights instrument may influence the result of that exercise. An attempt is made to answer the question how a legal order's approach to the limitation of rights may shape decision-making trade-offs between the demands of liberty and the need to guarantee individual and collective security. In doing so, special attention is given to the difference between the adjudicative methods of balancing and categorisation. The book challenges the conventional wisdom that individual rights, in times of crisis, are better served by the application of categorical rather than flexible models of limitation. In addition, the work considers the impact of a variety of other factors, including the discrepancies in enforcing an international convention as opposed to a national constitution and the use of emergency provisions permitting derogations from human rights obligations in time of war or a public emergency. The research questions are addressed through a comparative study of the terrorism-related restrictions on five fundamental rights protected under the European Convention on Human Rights and the United States Constitution: the right to freedom of expression, the right to freedom of association, the right to personal liberty, the right to privacy, and the right to a fair trial. The book offers both a theoretical account of the paradoxical relationship between terrorism and human rights and a comprehensive comparative survey of the major decisions of the highest courts on both sides of the Atlantic.
In this first compendium in the growing literature of behavioral teratology, readers will discover an easy-to-access, concise presentation that covers a huge range of subjects. The book synthesizes important findings that help explain why prenatal events may result in abnormal behavior and learning disabilities later in life. It goes further to examine the role of prenatal perturbations in conditions as varied as dyslexia, schizophrenia, fetal alcohol syndrome, and autism.
Ein Kochbuch für mehr Lebensqualität: VIVAMAYR for life! Der Schlüssel zu langfristiger Gesundheit ist nicht das Fasten, sondern das richtige Essen, wusste schon F.X. Mayr. Anders als Diäten mit Ablaufdatum bringt das ganzheitliche VIVAMAYR-Prinzip unser Leben nachhaltig in Balance. Und dies mit leicht verdaulichen und vorwiegend vegetarischen Rezepten. Gemäß dem Motto "Gemüse ist unsere DNA" beschreiben die langjährigen VIVAMAYRKöche Emanuela Fischer und Stefan Mühlbacher die wirkungsvolle Kraft der pflanzlichen Küche. Auf die Inhaltsstoffe kommt es an! Die Rezepte aktivieren im Alltag, sind über viele Jahre erprobt, halten den Darm gesund und können einfach mit Fisch oder Fleisch ergänzt und bei Unverträglichkeiten bekömmlich abgewandelt werden.
This textbook provides an introduction to the fundamentals of operational and strategic controlling. It conveys the central tasks and functions that controlling has in the company and shows the challenges that this cross-sectional position entails. In addition, it addresses trends and developments in controlling that will have a significant impact on the work of controllers in the coming years. In addition to the German situation, the Swiss perspective is also taken into account. Short learning units, clearly arranged didactic modules and the accompanying learning control ensure a sustainable transfer of knowledge. The book is thus aimed at all those who deal with questions of controlling in the context of their training and further education (also as a minor subject) as well as in their professional practice. The contents - Basics of controlling- The information function of controlling- The control function of controlling- The control function of controlling- Digitalization and Controlling- Trends in controlling
The authors consider the time-dependent Schrödinger equation on a Riemannian manifold with a potential that localizes a certain subspace of states close to a fixed submanifold . When the authors scale the potential in the directions normal to by a parameter , the solutions concentrate in an -neighborhood of . This situation occurs for example in quantum wave guides and for the motion of nuclei in electronic potential surfaces in quantum molecular dynamics. The authors derive an effective Schrödinger equation on the submanifold and show that its solutions, suitably lifted to , approximate the solutions of the original equation on up to errors of order at time . Furthermore, the authors prove that the eigenvalues of the corresponding effective Hamiltonian below a certain energy coincide up to errors of order with those of the full Hamiltonian under reasonable conditions.
The book analyzes the multifarious exchange of algorithmic technologies and concepts between the military and the media industry from the early 1990s until now. Unlike most related scholarly work which focuses on digital games, it drafts a model of programmable media which is grounded in a close-reading of the key technologies, most notably the paradigm of object-oriented programming, and reconsiders technical disciplines from a humanities perspective. This model is then applied to analyze the effects of algorithmic logic on the military-civilian continuum, including economic practices, patterns of media usage and military decision-making.
Atlas of the Anatomy of Dolphins and Whales is a detailed, fully illustrated atlas on the anatomy and morphology of toothed and whalebone whales. The book provides basic knowledge on anatomical structures, in particular, soft tissues, and functions as a standalone reference work for dissecting rooms and labs, and for those sampling stranded and by-caught dolphins in the field. As a companion and supplement to Anatomy of Dolphins: Insights into Body Structure and Function, this atlas will be of great interest to the scientific community, including veterinarians and biologists, as a book of reference. With a modern approach to dolphin anatomy and morphology, this atlas provides the extensive knowledge necessary to practitioners and theoretical scientists such as evolutionary biologists. The conceptual clarity, precision, and comprehensive and updated display of the topographical anatomy of the body of cetaceans in the atlas support and illustrate the authors' related work, serving as a comprehensive reference for those who are more specifically interested in the details of the anatomy and morphology of porpoises, dolphins and whales. - Offers a single reference source and useful teaching tool for visualizing the integrated body and its components - Functions as a helpful method for demonstrating the animal's anatomy prior to dissection, and for teaching topographic and comparative anatomy - Provides a unique and authoritative resource that explicitly relates the gross and microscopic anatomy of cetacean organs and tissues - The prenatal development of dolphins is largely achieved
The fifth volume in the series Documenta Q is concerned with the reconstruction of the Q text behind Luke 22:28, 30 par. Matt 19:28. The International Q Project's presentation of the critical text of Q 22:28, 30, together with the exhaustive history of research on which it is based, will enhance considerably research in the Sayings Gospel Q, the historical Jesus, and New Testament christology. Further, nowhere else in the Synoptic tradition is the claim of the Jesus movement regarding Israel stated more clearly than in Q 22:28, 30. The database and evaluations are an expanded and revised version of those presented and discussed at the meeting of the International Q Project in Chigaco 1994. Just prior to the bibliography at the conclusion of the volume the resultant critical text of Q 22:28, 30 is printed. This Greek text is followed by English, German and French translations. (Lucan chapter and verse numeration is used as a convenience and a mere convention.)
The field of 3-manifold topology has made great strides forward since 1982 when Thurston articulated his influential list of questions. Primary among these is Perelman's proof of the Geometrization Conjecture, but other highlights include the Tameness Theorem of Agol and Calegari-Gabai, the Surface Subgroup Theorem of Kahn-Markovic, the work of Wise and others on special cube complexes, and, finally, Agol's proof of the Virtual Haken Conjecture. This book summarizes all these developments and provides an exhaustive account of the current state of the art of 3-manifold topology, especially focusing on the consequences for fundamental groups of 3-manifolds. As the first book on 3-manifold topology that incorporates the exciting progress of the last two decades, it will be an invaluable resource for researchers in the field who need a reference for these developments. It also gives a fast-paced introduction to this material. Although some familiarity with the fundamental group is recommended, little other previous knowledge is assumed, and the book is accessible to graduate students. The book closes with an extensive list of open questions which will also be of interest to graduate students and established researchers.
Given a prime , a group is called residually if the intersection of its -power index normal subgroups is trivial. A group is called virtually residually if it has a finite index subgroup which is residually . It is well-known that finitely generated linear groups over fields of characteristic zero are virtually residually for all but finitely many . In particular, fundamental groups of hyperbolic -manifolds are virtually residually . It is also well-known that fundamental groups of -manifolds are residually finite. In this paper the authors prove a common generalization of these results: every -manifold group is virtually residually for all but finitely many . This gives evidence for the conjecture (Thurston) that fundamental groups of -manifolds are linear groups.
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