Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions's Books

Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change

Workshop Summary

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions

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Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change

Workshop Summary

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions

Climate change poses risks to human health and well-being through shifting weather patterns, increases in frequency and intensity of heat waves and other extreme weather events, rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and other environmental effects. Those risks occur against a backdrop of changing socioeconomic conditions, medical technology, population demographics, environmental conditions, and other factors that are important in determining health. Models of health risks that reflect how health determinants and climate changes vary in time and space are needed so that we can inform adaptation efforts and reduce or prevent adverse health effects. Robust health risk models could also help to inform national and international discussions about climate policies and the economic consequences of action and inaction. Interest in resolving some of the challenges facing health effects modelers and health scientists led the National Research Council's Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions to hold a workshop on November 3-4, 2014, in Washington, DC, to explore new approaches to modeling the human health risks of climate change. Throughout the workshop, the discussions highlighted examples of current application of models, research gaps, lessons learned, and potential next steps to improve modeling of health risks associated with climate change. Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309371015

ISBN 13

9780309371018

Toxicity-Pathway-Based Risk Assessment

Preparing for Paradigm Change: A Symposium Summary

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Standing Committee on Risk Analysis Issues and Reviews

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Toxicity-Pathway-Based Risk Assessment

Preparing for Paradigm Change: A Symposium Summary

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Standing Committee on Risk Analysis Issues and Reviews

In 2007, the National Research Council envisioned a new paradigm in which biologically important perturbations in key toxicity pathways would be evaluated with new methods in molecular biology, bioinformatics, computational toxicology, and a comprehensive array of in vitro tests based primarily on human biology. Although some considered the vision too optimistic with respect to the promise of the new science, no one can deny that a revolution in toxicity testing is under way. New approaches are being developed, and data are being generated. As a result, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) expects a large influx of data that will need to be evaluated. EPA also is faced with tens of thousands of chemicals on which toxicity information is incomplete and emerging chemicals and substances that will need risk assessment and possible regulation. Therefore, the agency asked the National Research Council to convene a symposium to stimulate discussion on the application of the new approaches and data in risk assessment. The symposium was held on May 11-13, 2009, in Washington, DC, and included presentations and discussion sessions on pathway-based approaches for hazard identification, applications of new approaches to mode-of-action analyses, the challenges to and opportunities for risk assessment in the changing paradigm, and future directions.

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134

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309154227

ISBN 13

9780309154222

Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Prioritizing Health, Equity, and Communities

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Board on Science Education,Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats,Committee on Guidance for K-12 Education on Responding to COVID-19

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Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Prioritizing Health, Equity, and Communities

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to the nation's K-12 education system. The rush to slow the spread of the virus led to closures of schools across the country, with little time to ensure continuity of instruction or to create a framework for deciding when and how to reopen schools. States, districts, and schools are now grappling with the complex and high-stakes questions of whether to reopen school buildings and how to operate them safely if they do reopen. These decisions need to be informed by the most up-to-date evidence about the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19; about the impacts of school closures on students and families; and about the complexities of operating school buildings as the pandemic persists. Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prioritizing Health, Equity, and Communities provides guidance on the reopening and operation of elementary and secondary schools for the 2020-2021 school year. The recommendations of this report are designed to help districts and schools successfully navigate the complex decisions around reopening school buildings, keeping them open, and operating them safely.

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115

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309680107

ISBN 13

9780309680103

Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change

Workshop Summary

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions

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Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change

Workshop Summary

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309371015

ISBN 13

9780309371018

S&T Strategies of Six Countries

Implications for the United States

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Standing Committee on Technology Insightâ¬"Gauge, Evaluate, and Review,Committee on Global Science and Technology Strategies and Their Effect on U.S. National Security

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S&T Strategies of Six Countries

Implications for the United States

An increase in global access to goods and knowledge is transforming world-class science and technology (S&T) by bringing it within the capability of an unprecedented number of global parties who must compete for resources, markets, and talent. In particular, globalization has facilitated the success of formal S&T plans in many developing countries, where traditional limitations can now be overcome through the accumulation and global trade of a wide variety of goods, skills, and knowledge. As a result, centers for technological research and development (R&D) are now globally dispersed, setting the stage for greater uncertainty in the political, economic, and security arenas. These changes will have a potentially enormous impact for the U.S. national security policy, which for the past half century was premised on U.S. economic and technological dominance. As the U.S. monopoly on talent and innovation wanes, arms export regulations and restrictions on visas for foreign S&T workers are becoming less useful as security strategies. The acute level of S&T competition among leading countries in the world today suggests that countries that fail to exploit new technologies or that lose the capability for proprietary use of their own new technologies will find their existing industries uncompetitive or obsolete. The increased access to information has transformed the 1950s' paradigm of "control and isolation" of information for innovation control into the current one of "engagement and partnerships" between innovators for innovation creation. Current and future strategies for S&T development need to be considered in light of these new realities. This book analyzes the S&T strategies of Japan, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Singapore (JBRICS), six countries that have either undergone or are undergoing remarkable growth in their S&T capabilities for the purpose of identifying unique national features and how they are utilized in the evolving global S&T environment.

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127

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309162688

ISBN 13

9780309162685

Enhancing BioWatch Capabilities Through Technology and Collaboration

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Standing Committee on Health Threats and Workforce Resilience

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Enhancing BioWatch Capabilities Through Technology and Collaboration

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Standing Committee on Health Threats and Workforce Resilience

The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) BioWatch program aims to provide an early indication of an aerosolized biological weapon attack. The first generation of BioWatch air samplers were deployed in 2003. The current version of this technology, referred to as Generation 2 (Gen-2), uses daily manual collection and testing of air filters from each monitor, a process that can take 12 to 36 hours to detect the presence of biological pathogens. Until April 2014, DHS pursued a next-generation autonomous detection technology that aimed to shorten the time from sample collection to detection to less than 6 hours, reduce the cost of analysis, and increase the number of detectable biological pathogens. Because of concerns about the cost and effectiveness of the proposed Generation 3 system (Gen-3), DHS cancelled its acquisition plans for the next-generation surveillance system. In response to the cancellation announcement, Congress asked the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to conduct a review of the program and the proposed system enhancements that would have been incorporated in BioWatch Gen-3. However, Mike Walter, BioWatch Program manager, Office of Health Affairs, DHS, said that DHS did not agree with all of GAO's characterizations of the BioWatch program efforts described in this review. In response to this, DHS requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a workshop to further explore the findings of the 2015 GAO report and discuss the impact these findings may have with regard to the future development of the technical capabilities of the BioWatch program. Workshop participants also discussed existing and possible collaborations between BioWatch, public health laboratories, and other stakeholders that could contribute to the enhancement of biosurveillance capabilities at the federal, state, and local levels. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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Page Count

111

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030945168X

ISBN 13

9780309451680

Book's by Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions

Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change

Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change

Toxicity-Pathway-Based Risk Assessment

Toxicity-Pathway-Based Risk Assessment

Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change

Modeling the Health Risks of Climate Change

S&T Strategies of Six Countries

S&T Strategies of Six Countries

Enhancing BioWatch Capabilities Through Technology and Collaboration

Enhancing BioWatch Capabilities Through Technology and Collaboration

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