For the last ten years, face biometric research has been intensively studied by the computer vision community. Face recognition systems have been used in mobile, banking, and surveillance systems. For face recognition systems, face spoofing attack detection is a crucial stage that could cause severe security issues in government sectors. Although effective methods for face presentation attack detection have been proposed so far, the problem is still unsolved due to the difficulty in the design of features and methods that can work for new spoofing attacks. In addition, existing datasets for studying the problem are relatively small which hinders the progress in this relevant domain. In order to attract researchers to this important field and push the boundaries of the state of the art on face anti-spoofing detection, we organized the Face Spoofing Attack Workshop and Competition at CVPR 2019, an event part of the ChaLearn Looking at People Series. As part of this event, we released the largest multi-modal face anti-spoofing dataset so far, the CASIA-SURF benchmark. The workshop reunited many researchers from around the world and the challenge attracted more than 300 teams. Some of the novel methodologies proposed in the context of the challenge achieved state-of-the-art performance. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive review on face anti-spoofing techniques presented in this joint event and point out directions for future research on the face anti-spoofing field.
This book provides an integrated treatment of the structure and function of nucleic acids, proteins, and glycans, including thorough coverage of relevant computational biochemistry. The text begins with an introduction to the biomacromolecules, followed by discussion of methods of isolation and purification, physiochemical and biochemical properties, and structural characteristics. The next section of the book deals with sequence analysis, analysis of conformation using spectroscopy, chemical synthesis, and computational approaches. The following chapters discuss biomolecular interactions, enzyme action, gene transmission, signal transduction, and biomacromolecular informatics. The author concludes with presenting the latest findings in genomics, proteomics, glycomics, and biomacromolecular evolution. This text is an invaluable resource for research professionals wishing to move into genomics, proteomics, and glycomics research. It is also useful for students in biochemistry, molecular biology, bioengineering, biotechnology, and bioinformatics.
With so many diets and programs to choose from, finding the right nutritional path can be challenging. Many modern diets are rooted in misrepresented science, rely heavily on supplements, or are just simply not sustainable in the long term. World’s Strongest IFBB Pro Bodybuilder Stan Efferding and Dr. Damon McCune have partnered to bring you a program that sets the confusion aside and puts you on the path to weight loss, better performance, and overall better health, today. The Vertical Diet provides practical nutrition and lifestyle solutions that are simple, sensible, and sustainable. Stan and Damon provide a specific plan and comprehensive tools that will help you develop a greater understanding of which foods are nutrient-dense and digested easily and efficiently for maximal health benefits. With example menus and easy-to-follow recipes, The Vertical Diet takes all the guesswork out of what to eat and when. You will also learn how to build a daily checklist of healthy behaviors to follow to support your long-term success on the program. The Vertical Diet is complete with: A selective (not restrictive) dietary plan that’s rich in easy-to-digest carbs and proteins Recommendations for lifestyle changes that address everything from ways to boost metabolism to better sleep hygiene Personal testimonials from Vertical Diet clients; data from scientific sources; references to experts in the field, and actionable tools such as calorie calculators, shopping lists, and recipes to help explain these concepts Stan and Damon’s Compliance Is the Science method to help you establish the motivation and mindset for lifelong success What you learn in these pages will allow you to make informed decisions about your diet and will enable you to approach the dieting process from a total-body perspective. Whether you are a performance athlete, a weekend warrior, or simply looking to take a step toward better health, look no further than The Vertical Diet.
This authoritative handbook is the first to provide complete coverage of face recognition, including major established approaches, algorithms, systems, databases, evaluation methods, and applications. After a thorough introductory chapter from the editors, 15 chapters address the sub-areas and major components necessary for designing operational face recognition systems. Each chapter focuses on a specific topic, reviewing background information, reviewing up-to-date techniques, presenting results, and offering challenges and future directions." "This accessible, practical reference is an essential resource for scientists and engineers, practitioners, government officials, and students planning to work in image processing, computer vision, biometrics and security, Internet communications, computer graphics, animation, and the computer game industry."--BOOK JACKET.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 95. Publication of this monograph will coincide, to a precision of a few per mil, with the centenary of Henri Becquerel's discovery of "radiations actives" (C. R. Acad. Sci., Feb. 24, 1896). In 1896 the Earth was only 40 million years old according to Lord Kelvin. Eleven years later, Boltwood had pushed the Earth's age past 2000 million years, based on the first U/Pb chemical dating results. In exciting progression came discovery of isotopes by J. J. Thomson in 1912, invention of the mass spectrometer by Dempster (1918) and Aston (1919), the first measurement of the isotopic composition of Pb (Aston, 1927) and the final approach, using Pb-Pb isotopic dating, to the correct age of the Earth: close-2.9 Ga (Gerling, 1942), closer-3.0 Ga (Holmes, 1949) and closest-4.50 Ga (Patterson, Tilton and Inghram, 1953).
With an A–Z format, this encyclopedia provides easy access to relevant information on all aspects of biometrics. It features approximately 250 overview entries and 800 definitional entries. Each entry includes a definition, key words, list of synonyms, list of related entries, illustration(s), applications, and a bibliography. Most entries include useful literature references providing the reader with a portal to more detailed information.
For almost two centuries, Americans have relied upon political conventions to provide the nation with new leadership. The modern convention, a four-day, carefully choreographed, prime-time television event designed to portray the party and its candidate in the most favorable light, continues many of the traditions and rules developed during the first conventions in the mid-19th century. This study analyzes the birth of the convention process in the 1830s and follows its development over 40 years, chronicling each of the presidential elections between 1832 and 1872, the leading candidates, and an analysis of the key issues, and memorable speeches and events on the convention floor. Other topics include back-room deal making, "dark horse" candidacies, meeting halls, parades, rallies, and other accompanying hoopla. This volume reveals the origins of a quintessentially American spectacle and sheds new light on an understudied aspect of the nation's political past.
Virtue ethics has emerged as a distinct field within moral theory - whether as an alternative account of right action or as a conception of normativity which departs entirely from the obligatoriness of morality - and has proved itself invaluable to many aspects of contemporary applied ethics. Virtue ethics now flourishes in philosophy, sociology and theology and its applications extend to law, politics and bioethics. "The Handbook of Virtue Ethics" brings together leading international scholars to provide an overview of the field. Each chapter summarizes and assesses the most important work on a particular topic and sets this work in the context of historical developments. Taking a global approach by embracing a variety of major cultural traditions along with the Western, the "Handbook" maps the emergence of virtue ethics and provides a framework for future developments.
This book provides an introduction to recent advances in theory, algorithms and application of Boolean map distance for image processing. Applications include modeling what humans find salient or prominent in an image, and then using this for guiding smart image cropping, selective image filtering, image segmentation, image matting, etc. In this book, the authors present methods for both traditional and emerging saliency computation tasks, ranging from classical low-level tasks like pixel-level saliency detection to object-level tasks such as subitizing and salient object detection. For low-level tasks, the authors focus on pixel-level image processing approaches based on efficient distance transform. For object-level tasks, the authors propose data-driven methods using deep convolutional neural networks. The book includes both empirical and theoretical studies, together with implementation details of the proposed methods. Below are the key features for different types of readers. For computer vision and image processing practitioners: Efficient algorithms based on image distance transforms for two pixel-level saliency tasks; Promising deep learning techniques for two novel object-level saliency tasks; Deep neural network model pre-training with synthetic data; Thorough deep model analysis including useful visualization techniques and generalization tests; Fully reproducible with code, models and datasets available. For researchers interested in the intersection between digital topological theories and computer vision problems: Summary of theoretic findings and analysis of Boolean map distance; Theoretic algorithmic analysis; Applications in salient object detection and eye fixation prediction. Students majoring in image processing, machine learning and computer vision: This book provides up-to-date supplementary reading material for course topics like connectivity based image processing, deep learning for image processing; Some easy-to-implement algorithms for course projects with data provided (as links in the book); Hands-on programming exercises in digital topology and deep learning.
The Complete Stephen King Universe is the only definitive reference work that examines all of Stephen King?s novels, short stories, motion pictures, miniseries, and teleplays, and deciphers the threads that exist in all of his work. This ultimate resource includes in-depth story analyses, character breakdowns, little-known facts, and startling revelations on how the plots, themes, characters, and conflicts intertwine" -- publisher website (February 2007).
Also collects Fantastic Four (1961) #51. The best-selling Grand Design format continues with Marvel's First Family! Critically acclaimed cartoonist Tom Scioli re-examines the FF's early days in the "sole-authorship" tradition made famous by Ed Piskor's X-MEN: GRAND DESIGN trilogy! Join the Watcher and witness how it all began for Mister Fantastic, the Invisible Girl, the Human Torch and the Thing! And relive the debuts of the biggest friends and foes in the FF's history - Doctor Doom, the Black Panther, Galactus, the Mole Man, the Inhumans and more - as the fabulous Fantastic Four receive the Grand Design treatment!
This book offers a novel and parsimonious framework to help understand Hong Kong’s lengthy democratic transition by analyzing the electoral dynamics of the city’s competitive authoritarian political system, where pro-Beijing and pro-democracy parties have struggled to keep each other in check. The author demonstrates how a relatively liberal media environment has shaped the electoral incentives of the opposition and the pro-establishment elite differently, which has helped the latter improve its basis of electoral support. The political explanation the book puts forward seeks to shed new light on why many autocracies are interested in regularly holding elections that are considered somewhat competitive. This book will be of great interest not only to specialists in comparative studies of democratization, but also to all those concerned with Hong Kong’s democratic transition.
Opportunity and Curiosity find similar rocks on Mars. One can generally understand this statement if one knows that Opportunity and Curiosity are instances of the class of Mars rovers, and recognizes that, as signalled by the word on, rocks are located on Mars. Two mental operations contribute to understanding: recognize how entities/concepts mentioned in a text interact and recall already known facts (which often themselves consist of relations between entities/concepts). Concept interactions one identifies in the text can be added to the repository of known facts, and aid the processing of future texts. The amassed knowledge can assist many advanced language-processing tasks, including summarization, question answering and machine translation. Semantic relations are the connections we perceive between things which interact. The book explores two, now intertwined, threads in semantic relations: how they are expressed in texts and what role they play in knowledge repositories. A historical perspective takes us back more than 2000 years to their beginnings, and then to developments much closer to our time: various attempts at producing lists of semantic relations, necessary and sufficient to express the interaction between entities/concepts. A look at relations outside context, then in general texts, and then in texts in specialized domains, has gradually brought new insights, and led to essential adjustments in how the relations are seen. At the same time, datasets which encompass these phenomena have become available. They started small, then grew somewhat, then became truly large. The large resources are inevitably noisy because they are constructed automatically. The available corpora—to be analyzed, or used to gather relational evidence—have also grown, and some systems now operate at the Web scale. The learning of semantic relations has proceeded in parallel, in adherence to supervised, unsupervised or distantly supervised paradigms. Detailed analyses of annotated datasets in supervised learning have granted insights useful in developing unsupervised and distantly supervised methods. These in turn have contributed to the understanding of what relations are and how to find them, and that has led to methods scalable to Web-sized textual data. The size and redundancy of information in very large corpora, which at first seemed problematic, have been harnessed to improve the process of relation extraction/learning. The newest technology, deep learning, supplies innovative and surprising solutions to a variety of problems in relation learning. This book aims to paint a big picture and to offer interesting details.
The Quintessence of Quick continues the Saga of Jack Mason, which began with 2002 s The Rough English Equivalent. The saga unfolds from 1946, but its beginning is in the year 4231. Jack, age 2285, is truly bored. Earth s population is less than a million, and there are very few challenges left on humanity's home planet. Elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1957, he s been a motorcyclist, a carrier pilot, a hurricane hunter, owner of a jet charter service, a hugely successful investor, a galactic explorer and a felon. A lifelong risk-taker, he was an accessory to fraud and murder in support of Moses, his boyhood mentor and ex-Luftwaffe pilot. Investing millions left to him through Moses faked-death plot, Jack was rich by the end of the 20th century. He s much more so by the 43rd. Migrating in stages over two centuries from human to a fully-synthetic entity, Jack succeeds in becoming an essentially massless life form, the first to be produced by a superset of teleportation. Testing his new capabilities, he finds that he can move freely in spacetime, and decides to intervene in the crucifixion of Jesus. Succeeding in that, Jack then explores his youth, taking the form of a Northern Goshawk. Jack dubs the bird Flx, after the FLXible bus in which he and his mother Serena flee Los Alamos, where his father was working on the Manhattan Project. Scorning the suburbia of her peers, Serena elects to manage the Bisque Hotel, the property of her father, Lawton J. "Pap" Redding, a cotton broker and real estate investor. Flx lingers to observe Jack's growth to young manhood in Bisque, her Georgia hometown, pronounced BIS-kew by its natives. In 1946, nine-year-old Jack and his friend Ricky meet stranded traveler Moses Kubielski in Ricky's granddad's radiator repair shop. His Buick limousine has blown its radiator, and the boys volunteer to walk to the hotel with him. Seeing Serena convinces Moses, a former member of the Abwehr, the Nazi intelligence organization, that he should stay on in Bisque for awhile. He can afford it, having taken flight in mid-1941 with $3 million earmarked as a down payment to the Irish Republican Army for the assassination of President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. His Bisque sojourn lasts for several years, during which time he becomes Serena's lover, Jack's mentor and Pap Redding's partner in a beer distributorship that prospers under his direction. The appearance of an old Abwehr associate, now with the Soviet KGB, makes an immediate exit from Bisque necessary. Sharing his plan to have himself and the KGB man picked up at sea after a faked crash, he wills the beer distributorship, in which he has since acquired 100% ownership, to Jack. Moses will contact him, he promises, when it's safe to do so. When Jack enters college, Serena returns to New York, where they'd lived before Los Alamos, to pursue her career as a sculptor. Visiting her, he meets her new client, Clare Boothe Luce, noted writer, editor, Congresswoman and Ambassador. Their affair begins the same day in the Luces' Waldorf-Astoria suite. Her penchant for powerful men attracts her to Jack as if she foresees his incredible destiny. Later, Jack introduces her to his sometime partners in crime, Moses and Linda, the woman who's been both his and Moses' lover. The three are now partners in a Miami-based air taxi service. Intrigued, Mrs. Luce calls her friend William Pawley, an Allen Dulles crony, and soon Moses and Linda are flying CIA-directed missions into Castro's Cuba. Jack, now in the Navy, is caught up in the maelstrom of the JFK assassination. Both Moses and his old friend Rick, a Special Forces officer, kill figures in the plot. Jack's primary reason for wanting to relive this crucial part of his early life was to save them from the plotters' retribution. Jack flies the men to refuge on an offshore starship, where they join Jesus ("Call me Naz.") over breakfast pork chops...
Opportunity and Curiosity find similar rocks on Mars. One can generally understand this statement if one knows that Opportunity and Curiosity are instances of the class of Mars rovers, and recognizes that, as signalled by the word on, ROCKS are located on Mars. Two mental operations contribute to understanding: recognize how entities/concepts mentioned in a text interact and recall already known facts (which often themselves consist of relations between entities/concepts). Concept interactions one identifies in the text can be added to the repository of known facts, and aid the processing of future texts. The amassed knowledge can assist many advanced language-processing tasks, including summarization, question answering and machine translation. Semantic relations are the connections we perceive between things which interact. The book explores two, now intertwined, threads in semantic relations: how they are expressed in texts and what role they play in knowledge repositories. A historical perspective takes us back more than 2000 years to their beginnings, and then to developments much closer to our time: various attempts at producing lists of semantic relations, necessary and sufficient to express the interaction between entities/concepts. A look at relations outside context, then in general texts, and then in texts in specialized domains, has gradually brought new insights, and led to essential adjustments in how the relations are seen. At the same time, datasets which encompass these phenomena have become available. They started small, then grew somewhat, then became truly large. The large resources are inevitably noisy because they are constructed automatically. The available corpora—to be analyzed, or used to gather relational evidence—have also grown, and some systems now operate at the Web scale. The learning of semantic relations has proceeded in parallel, in adherence to supervised, unsupervised or distantly supervised paradigms. Detailed analyses of annotated datasets in supervised learning have granted insights useful in developing unsupervised and distantly supervised methods. These in turn have contributed to the understanding of what relations are and how to find them, and that has led to methods scalable to Web-sized textual data. The size and redundancy of information in very large corpora, which at first seemed problematic, have been harnessed to improve the process of relation extraction/learning. The newest technology, deep learning, supplies innovative and surprising solutions to a variety of problems in relation learning. This book aims to paint a big picture and to offer interesting details.
An accessible exploration of England's prehistoric past through the clues set in stone by our ancient ancestors. Stan Abbott explores Britain's neolithic remains, including Castlerigg and Long Meg and her Daughters. In Ring of Stone Circles, Stan Abbott sets out to explore one part of England for the visible clues to our mysterious past from the Neolithic and Bronze Ages: stone circles and standing stones, in Cumbria—the Northern English county that boasts more of these monuments than any other. Here, the country’s tallest mountains are ringed by almost fifty circles and henges, most of them sited in the foothills or on outlying plateaux. But why were these built? We may never have a definitive answer to this question, but by observing and comparing sites, a greater understanding emerges. Were some circles built for ritualistic purposes, or perhaps astronomical? Were they burial sites, or simply meeting places? Join Stan Abbott as he searches for the hidden stories these great monuments guard—and might reveal if we get to know them.
Widely known as England’s most picturesque line, the enduring Settle – Carlisle Railway crosses the north Pennines between Yorkshire and Cumbria, traversing stunning scenery from the Dales through the lonely and lofty fells to the limestone pavements of Westmorland, and on into the lush, green Eden Valley. The line was built by the Midland Railway company in the 1870s, to forge an independent route connecting its English network with Scotland. Uniquely for a railway in the UK, the entire infrastructure is a Conservation Area in its own right – comprising viaducts, stations, bridges, tunnels, trackside structures and railway workers’ cottages. By walking all or parts of the route from Settle to Carlisle, you get the chance to get up close to this iconic railway’s magnificent architecture. And in the company of a knowledgeable guide, you’ll also discover centuries’-worth of local history and traditions: Roman remains, medieval castles, the annual Appleby Horse Fair gathering, and much more besides.
This book revises and expands upon the prior edition of Multi-Modal Face Presentation Attack Detection. The authors begin with fundamental and foundational information on face spoofing attack detection, explaining why the computer vision community has intensively studied it for the last decade. The authors also discuss the reasons that cause face anti-spoofing to be essential for preventing security breaches in face recognition systems. In addition, the book describes the factors that make it difficult to design effective methods of face presentation attack detection challenges. The book presents a thorough review and evaluation of current techniques and identifies those that have achieved the highest level of performance in a series of ChaLearn face anti-spoofing challenges at CVPR and ICCV. The authors also highlight directions for future research in face anti-spoofing that would lead to progress in the field. Additional analysis, new methodologies, and a more comprehensive survey of solutions are included in this new edition.
Collecting Amazing Spider-Man (1963) #16 And Annual #2-3, Strange Tales Annual #2, Avengers (1963) #11, Daredevil (1964) #16-17 And #27, X-Men (1963) #35 And Fantastic Four (1961) #73 And Material From Amazing Spider-Man (1963) #1, #8 And #14; Fantastic Four Annual #1; And Tales To Astonish (1959) #57. Celebrate 80 years of Marvel Comics, decade by decade and see how Spider-Man became an icon of the (Web) Swinging Sixties! The ever-sociable wallcrawler helped build the connected Marvel Universe we know and love with these early team-ups (and tussles) with his fellow heroes beginning with his bid to join the Fantastic Four! Witness the beginnings of Spideys amazing friendships with the Human Torch and Daredevil and his first run-ins with the Hulk, Avengers, X-Men and more! Plus: The legendary Steve Ditko unites his signature characters, Spider-Man and Doctor Strange!
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