This book begins by defining argumentation--not as emotional assertions or in other negative senses--but as a logical, rational approach to making good decisions based upon sound reasoning. The author relies on the contributions of Aristotle (plus Aristotle's teacher, Plato, and Plato's teacher, Socrates) rather than attempting to "reinvent the wheel" of argumentation. Aristotle's perspective on dialectic and rhetoric constitutes the ground on which rhetoricians in the ancient Roman world, and rhetorical theoreticians of the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries have built. Contemporary scholars such as Kenneth Burke, Stephen Toulmin, and Chaim Perelman have refined Aristotle's wheel, and hence, improved upon it, but students of argumentation are well-advised to return, first of all, to the invention of the wheel-to examine its construction, to see how the basic structures operate in the argumentation process. Students of argumentation may, then, consider the refinements that have been made over the years. Using insights introduced by Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and, later, fine-tuned by Stephen Toulmin, the book introduces deductive reasoning with its syllogism, rhetorical syllogism (the enthymeme), and Toulmin's six-part expansion of deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning, with its reliance on examples and statistics is also introduced. Although argumentation is defined by Lindsay as primarily the logical proof presented by Aristotle (logos, as opposed to ethos and pathos), Lindsay extends Aristotle's concept of ethos to demonstrate the concept's reliance on the syllogism (logos), as well. Lindsay lists the eight primary characteristics of argumentation: 1. It is good; it allows rational individuals to reach rational conclusions, to make rational decisions. 2. It consists of offering proofs, not simply assertions. 3. It is the use of logic, as opposed to the use of emotion. 4. It is most successful when the participants do not feel an ego-centric need to win, but instead seek to find the most reasonable position on issues. 5. It may be used to test and maintain either an absolute truth or a probable truth. 6. It, at least, seeks to establish probable, possible, or plausible truth. 7. It is aimed primarily at producing faith/pistis, rather than absolute knowledge. 8. It uses proofs that consist only of logos, not ethos or pathos. To Aristotle's three contexts of rhetorical argumentation (judicial/legal, deliberative/political, and epideictic/cultural), Lindsay adds a fourth: arguments concerning all-time truth. Lindsay ultimately offers a thorough demonstration of how the multiple principles of argumentation are used to demonstrate that a problem exists, what caused the problem, what types of solutions to the problem are suitable, and how a complete proposal argument is put together.
What do Osama bin Laden, Adolph Hitler, David Koresh, Jim Jones, Gene Applewhite, and the slayers of abortion doctors all have in common? All of them based their dangerous and destructive actions, to a large extent, on a message they believed they received from God. The receipt of messages from God is known by many religions as 'spiritual gifts theology.' Expounding on concepts developed in earlier work, author Stan Lindsay analyzes the religious motives behind the dangerous behavior of some individuals and organizations, presents key indicators of psychotic entelechy, and proposes curative methods.
Using Burkean methodology to understand various levels of symbolic meaning, this study shows that John creates a form of transcendence for early believers that extends into a pattern of continuity that other approaches to Revelation do not offer.
Psychology recognises no borders. The relationships between people and the groups they form are determined by similar principles no matter where in the world they come from. This book has been written to introduce students from all countries and backgrounds to the exciting field of social psychology. Recognising the limitations that come from studying the subject through the lens of any one culture, James Alcock and Stan Sadava have crafted a truly international social psychology book for the modern era. Based on classic and cutting-edge scholarship from across the world, An Introduction to Social Psychology encourages mastery of the basics as well as critical thinking. Incorporating relevant insights from social neuroscience, evolutionary theory and positive psychology, it offers: Chapters on crowd behaviour and applied social psychology Discussion of new means of social interaction, including social media Relevant insights from social neuroscience, evolutionary theory and positive psychology A companion website features extensive additional resources for students and instructors
This book will help you establish a biblical view of sexuality for your kids. Learn how and when to talk with your children about sexual curiosity, physical changes of puberty, dating, chastity, and more.
Whether you are a true believer or a skeptic, you will encounter religious rhetoric at Walt Disney World, Florida. Lurking in all four theme parks are implicit and explicit religious rhetorical messages. This book will help you find these messages and grapple with your own position on the religious issues raised by Disney messages. ...................................................... What is Disneology? It is an exploration of rhetoric, theology, and philosophy. It uses Disney symbols as the starting point for each chapter. If archaeology discovers the vast repository of human culture from past generations, then Disneology discovers the vast repository of human culture that appeals to many segments of our current generation. Where better to explore rhetoric, theology, and philosophy than at the most collectively successful cultural repository of our generation?
Making Offers They Can't Refuse presents an Integrated Marketing Communication approach, centering on a thorough business proposal approach. Presenting Personal Selling as an honorable, ethical, and successful profession, this book teaches you to be totally thorough in the presentation of your case, using the art of persuasion as developed by some of history's greatest geniuses--Plato, Aristotle, and Jesus--and modern-day theorists Kenneth Burke and Stephen Toulmin. By identifying every necessary persuasive step in a direct Personal Selling situation, you are encouraged to be thorough. Personal Selling is the most thorough form of marketing communication. Using Personal Sales as the skeleton upon which to introduce other forms of Integrated Marketing Communication [IMC] in this book, various comments will apply the principles learned in each of the twenty-one sales in a sale to the field of IMC. IMC is an approach that recognizes that all types of Marketing Communication used by a business or organization should be coordinated, in order to produce the most effective marketing results. Clearly, the more coordinated the Marketing Communication messages delivered by a business or organization, the more cost-effective and results-effective the overall marketing message will be. Among the types of Marketing Communication included in IMC are: Advertising (traditionally, the primary mass media form), Public Relations (often, the attempt to receive mass media coverage without fees), Personal Sales (the central skeletal approach of this book), Promotions (providing opportunities, incentives, and stimuli for "trying" the product now), Packaging (the messages sent by the way the product is packaged), Sponsorships (reputation enhancement provided by sponsoring events, etc.), Direct Marketing (through catalogs, infomercials, telemarketing, internet, etc.), Online Marketing (through the internet). Mobile Marketing (through cellphones and similar devices), and Diffusion of Innovations (through word of mouth). Making Offers They Can't Refuse shows you how to integrate all of these forms of marketing communication to make the most effective marketing effort.
A paradigm shift that took hold at the end of the 19th Century in academia effectively "shifted" the perception of the Bible from "the inspired word of God" to "the verbal creations of various humans." Logically, based upon this shift in perception and the resultant presumption of "human error" (with which, in all candor, the author does not agree), the book follows a logical progression, throughout successive chapters--so that readers of the book will be prepared to meet the skeptical audience on its own turf. Aristotle called this logical progression approach a "syllogistic chain" or a "chain of syllogisms." The 20th Century rhetorical giant, Kenneth Burke, called such a syllogistic chain: "syllogistic progressive form." What both geniuses are suggesting with these terminologies is that one must build arguments one upon another. This approach has certainly been used by philosophers, throughout the centuries and millennia. Such an approach was used by the father of Modernism, Rene DesCartes. Faith is a continuum. It runs all the way from the tiniest, faintest possibility that something is true to the almost certain probability that something is true. If we were convinced that there was no possibility that something were true, we would have NO faith in it. If we were fully 100% certain that something were true, we would cease to have "faith" in that proposition. What we "know for certain" is no longer faith. "Faith," as Aristotle explains it, must admit at least two possibilities. In his book, On Rhetoric, Aristotle teaches how rhetorical logic works. In rhetoric (as opposed to dialectic), the aim is not to provide absolute truth, but only possible or probable truth. It applies only to matters of which we cannot be 100% certain. Nevertheless, although certainty is impossible, we can logically conclude that something is "probably" or "possibly" true. Aristotle says that the goal of this type of logic is to achieve "faith." If there is no possibility, there is no faith. If there is only one possibility, we call it truth. There is still no faith, because it is absolute truth. The logic of Christianity is a faith-based logic. Interestingly, the Bible says: "Without faith it is impossible to please God" (Hebrews 11:6). Dr. Lindsay is Teaching Professor of Argumentation, Rhetoric, and Communication at Florida State University. He holds the Master's in Hebrew from Indiana University and the Ph.D. in Rhetoric from Purdue University. He is the author of 13 books, in addition to The Logic of Christianity. Some of his other titles are: ArguMentor, Implicit Rhetoric: Kenneth Burke's Extension of Aristotle's Concept of "Entelechy," Revelation: The Human Drama, Psychotic Entelechy: The Dangers of "Spiritual Gifts" Theology, The Expanded Kenneth Burke Concordance, Disneology: Religious Rhetoric at Walt Disney World, and The Essence of Rhetoric in Disney Music. Other forthcoming books are: Angels and Demons: The Personification of Communication and Hidden Mickeyisms: The Implicit Rhetoric of Disney Films. Dr. Lindsay has also published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international professional conferences of the Society of Biblical Literature, the American Academy of Religion, the Kenneth Burke Society, the National Communication Association, and the Rhetoric Society of America.
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