The purpose of this book is to analyse world military expenditure at the end of the 1980s, and to discuss its political and economic implications. After a decade of unprecedented expansion of international military spending, its level is falling, though modestly. Political developments in Europe and the success of arms control negotiations raise hopes for further reductions. In addition, technological and economic structural disarmament is adding to the pressure for reductions. However, performance has not matched up to promises, and formidable obstacles to defence spending limitations still remain. Military Expenditure surveys recent events and describes the process of change that characterizes international military expenditure, and its determinants, at this time of transformation.
This book examines the evolution of trade and trade patterns in Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) and assesses the implications of these patterns on structural change and economic development within transition economies. Taking the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 as a starting point, the authors discuss the transition of former communist CEE countries from centrally planned to market-driven economies, arguing that trade was the primary engine for the economic growth and transition process they experienced. The chapters in this book incorporate the results of previous studies – some of which are based on original research conducted by the authors – dedicated to the integration process of international and European trade. More importantly, the authors look at the broader aspects of structural change and economic development, indeed the whole process of economic transformation. Thus, the book moves well beyond the core ‘trade and growth’ framework to look at technological progress, foreign investment, institutional development and structural change in Central and Eastern European countries.
During the first decade of the 20th century, the British Empire was at its zenith. The Indian Subcontinent was secure barring trouble in the North West. English education had spread far and wide. The project to build and nurture a middle class of supportive English-speaking Indians was proceeding apace. Many affluent Indian families, as also the princes, sent their children to England for education as that was our only window to the West and the world at large. Thus, it was that four families had their children in England for studies when World War I broke out. During the first two years of the War, the Royal Flying Corps that had been set up as part of the British Army, suffered heavy casualties on the Western Front in Europe. The British Government was especially looking for volunteers for the flying service. Among the volunteers were four young Indian men (actually five, including a technician). The first was rejected on medical grounds even though he was an American-trained pilot. All the Indians were from affluent families and had no need to volunteer, but they did so nonetheless and were accepted, trained and sent into battle. This book, Laddie Goes to War: Indian Pilots in World War I, is the story of these five Indians who volunteered in World War I. Four of them flew combat planes in the Royal Flying Corps in France, Belgium and Italy during the War, at a time when Indians were considered to be unfit to operate a screwdriver or drive a car/railway engine, or even fly an aeroplane. This book tells their story.
This book covers how the understanding, as well as controllability, of the quantum electronic properties of carbon structures can be improved through a combined study of structural geometry, electronic properties, and dynamics of resonating valence bonds. It elaborates varied properties such as growth mechanism, exotic transport properties, namely unusual geometry of microstructures mixed with electron distribution and spin properties in carbon. Transport mechanisms and new applications including hybrid quantum technology based on the superconducting diamond and diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are discussed. Features: • Includes the theoretical and experimental aspects of carbon physics, various carbon nanostructures, and simulations. • Covers growth of carbon superstructures and various applications of their tunable electronic properties. • Discusses how nanocarbon systems can be used in emerging technologies, including spintronic and quantum computing. • Focuses on spin-related features and spin transport including the Kondo effect, spin-charge separation, spin-phonon coupling, anomalous Hall effect, and Luttinger liquid features. • Explores carbon superstructure growth and their tunable electronic properties. This book is aimed at students, researchers in physics, chemistry, engineering, materials science, electronics, and quantum technology.
As multi-phase metal/alloy systems and polymer, ceramic, or metal matrix composite materials are increasingly being used in industry, the science and technology for these heterogeneous materials has advanced rapidly. By extending analytical and numerical models, engineers can analyze failure characteristics of the materials before they are integrat
This book provides medical students and physicians with a practical, step-by-step guide on how to write and publish a medical case report. The case report is the traditional way for physicians to describe their unique or unusual cases to a broad audience and it plays an important role in the discovery of new diseases or syndromes, unusual manifestations of disease, important adverse drug reactions, and the generation of hypotheses for further study. This book guides readers through the process from choosing a case to report on to finding a publisher and then comment on future directions and potential new uses of case reports, including expanded computer case databases to optimize care for individual patients and new applications in medical education. Interspersed throughout the text are example case reports, many written by the authors, with commentary on their experiences working with those reports to provide context and aid readers in creating clear, concise, and useful case reports.
The challenges of economic development become harder to achieve if poor countries also face military threats, either from external sources (such as the arms race between India and Pakistan) or from internal sources (conflicts and civil wars in Kashmir, Nepal and Sri Lanka). This book examines the relationship between economic and military security in developing countries. Set in the context of South Asia, focusing on India and Pakistan: two of only a dozen or so countries which have the capability to produce nuclear weapons, it is the product of detailed analytical research.
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