This is a book about how technology has affected the music industry through a series of disruptions that have taken place ten times over the past century. Whenever technological innovations result in a compelling new way to distribute music to the public, the music industry changes in myriad and fundamental ways to adjust to the new format. And while the technologies themselves have evolved over the decades, the changes within the business follow a distinct pattern. Key Changes describes this pattern: it defines an analytical structure, the 6C Framework, that explains how the music business transformed in each era. The ten disruptions are the formats for distributing recorded music: phonograph records, radio, LPs, tapes, CDs, television, digital downloads, streaming, and streaming video; and then into the future with voice response and AI technologies, where the changes are in progress now. Each of these has a chapter in the book. The book concludes with an examination of how the 6C Framework applies across the timeline of various music formats, as well as to technologically induced changes in other industries, ranging from movies to sports to coffee, and it offers some observations about how blockchain technology could be the source of the next set of disruptive innovations in the music industry"--
Cincinnati emerged from a tumultuous 19th century as a growing metropolis committed to city planning. The most ambitious plan of the early twentieth century, the Cincinnati Subway, was doomed to failure. Construction began in 1920 and ended in 1927 when the money had run out. Today, two miles of empty subway tunnels still lie beneath Cincinnati, waiting to be used. The Cincinnati Subway tells the whole story, from the turbulent times in the 1880s to the ultimate failure of "Cincinnati's White Elephant." Along the way, the reader will learn about what was happening in Cincinnati during the growth of the subway-from the Courthouse Riots in 1884 to life in the Queen City during World War II.
The year 2016 was the hottest year on record and the third consecutive record-breaking year in planet temperatures. The following year was the hottest in a non-El Nino year. Of the seventeen hottest years ever recorded, sixteen have occurred since 2000, indicating the trend in climate change is toward an ever warmer Earth. However, climate change does not occur in a social vacuum; it reflects relations between social groups and forces us to contemplate the ways in which we think about and engage with the environment and each other. Employing the experience-near anthropological lens to consider human social life in an environmental context, this book examines the fateful global intersection of ongoing climate change and widening social inequality. Over the course of the volume, Singer argues that the social and economic precarity of poorer populations and communities—from villagers to the urban disadvantaged in both the global North and global South—is exacerbated by climate change, putting some people at considerably enhanced risk compared to their wealthier counterparts. Moreover, the book adopts and supports the argument that the key driver of global climatic and environmental change is the global economy controlled primarily by the world’s upper class, which profits from a ceaseless engine of increased production for national middle classes who have been converted into constant consumers. Drawing on case studies from Alaska, Ecuador, Bangladesh, Haiti and Mali, Climate Change and Social Inequality will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change and climate science, environmental anthropology, medical ecology and the anthropology of global health.
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