The Russian revolution of 1917 was a defining event of the twentieth century, and its achievements and failures remain controversial in the twenty-first. This book focuses on the retreat from the revolution’s aims in 1920–24, after the civil war and at the start of the New Economic Policy – and specifically, on the turbulent relationship between the working class and the Communist Party in those years. It is based on extensive original research of the actions and reactions of the party leadership and ranks, of dissidents and members of other parties, and of trade union activists and ordinary factory workers. It discusses working-class collective action before, during and after the crisis of 1921, when the Bolsheviks were confronted by the revolt at the Kronshtadt naval base and other protest movements. This book argues that the working class was politically expropriated by the Bolshevik party, as democratic bodies such as soviets and factory committees were deprived of decision-making power; it examines how the new Soviet ruling class began to take shape. It shows how some worker activists concluded that the principles of 1917 had been betrayed, while others accepted a social contract, under which workers were assured of improvements in living standards in exchange for increased labour discipline and productivity, and a surrender of political power to the party.
Now in paperback, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Care is a comprehensive multi-disciplinary text covering all aspects of adult intensive care management. Uniquely this text takes a problem-orientated approach providing a key resource for daily clinical issues in the intensive care unit. The text is organized into short topics allowing readers to rapidly access authoritative information on specific clinical problems. Each topic refers to basic physiological principles and provides up-to-date treatment advice supported by references to the most vital literature. Where international differences exist in clinical practice, authors cover alternative views. Key messages summarise each topic in order to aid quick review and decision making. Edited and written by an international group of recognized experts from many disciplines, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Careprovides an up-to-date reference that is relevant for intensive care units and emergency departments globally. This volume is the definitive text for all health care providers, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other allied health professionals who take care of critically ill patients.
Released in cinemas in 1982, Creepshow is typically regarded as a minor entry in both the film output of George A. Romero and the history of adaptations of the works of Stephen King. Yet this lack of critical attention hides the fact that Creepshow is the only full collaboration between America’s bestselling author of horror tales and one of the masters of modern American horror cinema. Long considered too mainstream for the director of Dawn of the Dead (1978), too comic for the author that gave audiences the film versions of Carrie (1976) and The Shining (1980), and too violent for a cinemagoing public turning away from gore cinema in the autumn of 1982, Creepshow is here reassessed by Simon Brown, who examines the making and release of the film and its legacy through a comic book adaptation and two sequels. His analysis focuses on the key influences on the film, not just Romero and King, but also the anthology horrors of Amicus Productions, body horror cinema, and the special make up effects of Tom Savini, the relationship between horror and humor, and most notably the tradition of EC horror comics of the 1950s, from which the film draws both its thematic preoccupations and its visual style. Ultimately the book argues that not only is Creepshow a major work in the canons of Romero and King, but also that it represents a significant example of the portmanteau horror film, of the blending of horror and comedy, and finally, decades before the career of Zack Snyder (Watchmen, Man of Steel), of attempting to recreate a comic book aesthetic on the big screen.
This book develops academic understanding of Muslim urban space by pursuing the structural logic of the premodern Arab-Muslim city, or medina. With particular reference to The Book of Walls, an historical discourse of Islamic law whose primary subject is the wall, the book determines the meaning of a wall and then uses it to analyze the space of Fez. One of a growing number of studies to address space as a category of critical analysis, the book makes the following contributions to scholarship. Methodologically, it breaks with the tradition of viewing Islamic architecture as a well-defined object observed by a specialist at an aesthetically directed distance; rather, it inhabits the logic of this architecture by rethinking it discursively from within the culture that produced it. Hermeneutically, it sheds new light on one of North Africa's oldest medinas, and thereby illuminates a type of environment still common to much of the Arab-Muslim world. Empirically, it brings to the attention of mainstream scholarship a legal discourse and aesthetic that contributed to the form and longevity of this type of environment; and it exposes a preoccupation with walls and other limits in premodern urban Arab-Muslim culture, and a mythical paradigm informing the foundation narratives of a number of historic medinas. Presenting a fresh perspective for the understanding of Muslim urban society and thought, this innovative study will be of interest to students and researchers of Islamic studies, architecture and sociology.
An in-depth practical work covering all the main areas of accountants' legal liabilities in negligence claims, including audit liabilities to clients and others, tax and insolvency work and conflicts of interest. It covers accountants' negligence in relation to claims against accountants acting for corporations as well as accountants acting for individuals. The second edition focusses on the difficult legal issues surrounding the liability of accountants in negligence claims. It covers statutory and non-statutory audits, tax advice, specified procedures reporting, due diligence reports and corporate finance reporting. It looks at the scope of losses for which the accountant may be liable with detailed reference to case law as well as money laundering and regulatory issues. Limitation and contributory fault are considered with special reference to accountants' cases. The following important developments and case law are included: - The material covering the application of the SAAMCO/scope of duty principle has been substantially revised following the clarification of the SAAMCO principle of scope of duty by the Supreme Court in BPE Solicitors & Anor v Hughes-Holland [2017] UKSC 21, [2018] AC 599 and the Court of Appeal in the accountants' case of Manchester Building Society v Grant Thornton UK LLP [2019] EWCA Civ 40, [2019] 1 WLR 4610 - AssetCo v Grant Thornton [2019] EWHC 150 (Comm), [2019] Bus LR 2291 in which the first edition of this book was cited several times, an auditor was held liable for trading losses caused by management fraud and the Court of Appeal at [2021] PNLR 1 considered the application of the scope of duty principle to a general audit case and the question of credit for the receipt by the company of new capital - The difficult question of the application of the scope of duty principle to dividends, discussed by the High Court in BTI v PricewaterhouseCoopers [2020] PNLR 7 and the Court of Appeal in AssetCo v Grant Thornton - Lowick Rose LLP v Swynson Ltd & Anor [2017] UKSC 32 on avoided loss - Developments in the application of rules of contributory fault to accountants in the light of the trial judgments on this issue in Manchester Building Society v Grant Thornton and AssetCo v Grant Thornton - The effect of the Supreme Court's decision in Singularis Holdings v Daiwa Capital Markets [2020] AC 1189 on auditor's counterclaims and the illegality defence - The controversial High Court decision on accountants' conflicts of interest in Harlequin Property v Wilkins Kennedy [2017] 4 WLR 30 - Pre-action disclosure against auditors following the decision in Carillion Plc v KPMG LLP [2020] EWHC 1416 (Comm) - First Tower Trustees v CDS (Superstores) [2019] 1 WLR with important implications for the application of UCTA to disclaimers of liability - Halsall v Champion Consulting [2017] PNLR 32 where extended limitation under s14A was considered in the context of tax schemes and a tax adviser's contractual time bar was construed - Evans v PricewaterhouseCoopers [2019] EWHC 1505 (Ch) on the date when the cause of action for tax advice was considered in detail - Developments in the law of privilege in relation to investigations of auditors including Sports Direct v Financial Reporting Council [2020] EWCA Civ 177, [2020] 2 WLR 1256 - Substantial revisions to the Code of Ethics, disciplinary bye-laws, and the FRC's rules and schemes
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2021-519/ States are on the brink to start negotiations on a global agreement on plastic pollution. In this context, scientists, policymakers and stakeholders voiced requests for strengthening and improving the knowledge base. These requests often include demands for a scientific advisory mechanism or body that operates as two-way interface between science and policy and that informs policy- and decision-making in the global combat against plastic waste in the oceans and the need for a life cycle approach to marine plastic pollution that covers all stages in the plastics life cycle. The report makes the case for a global scientific mechanism on marine litter and microplastics and discusses the conditions to make it work effectively and to enable it to strengthen the global science and knowledge base on marine litter and microplastics.
We need to act five times faster to avoid dangerous climate change. As Greenland melts, Australia burns, and greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, we think we know who the villains are: oil companies, consumerism, weak political leaders. But what if the real blocks to progress are the ideas and institutions that are supposed to be helping us? Five Times Faster is an inside story from Simon Sharpe, who has spent ten years at the forefront of climate change policy and diplomacy. In our fight to avoid dangerous climate change, science is pulling its punches, diplomacy is picking the wrong battles, and economics has been fighting for the other side. This provocative and engaging book sets out how we should rethink our strategies and reorganise our efforts in the fields of science, economics, and diplomacy, so that we can act fast enough to stay safe.
The process of capability development is central to industrialization, but the current literature focuses on the advanced developing countries. This book, based on a World Bank sponsored study of enterprise development in Ghana, is the first to examine in detail how firms in least developed countries in Africa acquire technological capabilities. It analyses why Ghanaian firms are generally relatively uncompetitive, why some firms are better than others, and how the structural adjustment is affecting manufacturing development.
This book examines the international development policies of five East Central European new EU member states, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. These countries turned from being aid recipients to donors after the turn of the millennium in the run-up to EU accession in 2004. The book explains the evolution subsequent to EU accession and current state of foreign aid policies in the region and the reasons why these deviate from many of the internationally agreed best practices in development cooperation. It argues that after the turn of the millennium, a 'Global Consensus' has emerged on how to make foreign aid more effective for development. A comparison between the elements of the Global Consensus and the performance of the five countries reveals that while they have generally implemented little of these recommendations, there are also emerging differences between the countries, with the Czech Republic and Slovenia clearly aspiring to become globally responsible donors. Building on the literatures on foreign policy analysis, international socialization and interest group influence, the book develops a model of foreign aid policy making in order to explain the general reluctance of the five countries in implementing international best practices, and also the differences in their relative performance.
This book uses a quantitative science-based approach to explain where the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions emitted by the fashion industry are generated and it explores what strategies can be deployed to achieve Net Zero by 2050. With GHG emissions currently predicted to triple by the middle of the century, the fashion industry is far off course to reach Net Zero, as set out in the Paris Agreement. With misinformation and greenwashing representing an ever-growing barrier to potential solutions, the book aims to demystify the source of GHG emissions from the industry, breaking down in detail their origin, while identifying the steps that can be taken when designing and sourcing new products. Detailing the market drivers and trends in fashion consumption, it argues that change should be guided by science-based quantitative principles. Accessibly written with key insights at the end of each chapter, this book will enable the reader to understand the tactics to tackle decarbonisation, and ultimately outline five main strategies that can be deployed by the fashion and textile industries to align with the Paris Agreement. This book serves as a practical guide for designers, buyers and the fashion industry in general to develop and understand approaches and strategies to reduce energy consumption and the resulting GHG emissions to reach Net Zero.
This book explores the business and investment implications of sustainability, both opportunities and challenges. The volume lays the groundwork for understanding the growing areas of sustainable business and sustainable finance. Over the past few decades, the world has witnessed significant improvements in economic development that meet a wide range of human needs. Ensuring that such development takes place in a 'sustainable' way is the central focus of the book. The book provides insights for businesses, investors, and others on how to navigate this complex and evolving landscape.The United Nations and global leaders in business and investment have emphasized the important role that the private sector can play in protecting the environment and promoting a more sustainable use of resources.'What is needed now is a new era of economic growth — growth that is at the same time socially and environmentally sustainable. This call for action in the Forward to the 1987 Bruntland Report (Our Common Future), which emphasizes that economic growth is part of the solution not the problem, still rings true nearly 40 years later.Gro Harlem BrundtlandReport of the World Commission on Environment and Development, United Nations 1987'Private sector leadership is vital to advance sustainable development and fight the existential threats of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution.'António GuterresUnited Nations Secretary-GeneralMessage to International Chamber of Commerce's 13th World Chambers CongressUnited Nations Press Release on the Environment, June 21, 2023 (SG/SM/21851)Like Henry Ford's strategy over 100 years ago at the time of the mass introduction of the Model T Ford, Elon Musk had a similar strategy for switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy powered cars. '[Initially enter] the high end of the market, where customers are prepared to pay a premium, and then drive down [the] market as fast as possible to higher unit volume and lower prices with each successive model.'Elon MuskCEO Tesla Inc, Interview with Solar Tribune, Feb 16, 2020'Investing for the long term requires taking a long-term view of what will impact returns, including demographics, government policy, technological advancements, and the transition to a low carbon economy.'Laurence D FinkBlackrock Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Larry Fink's Annual Chairman's Letter to Investors,Blackrock, 2023'Capital markets are an extraordinarily powerful tool in the fight against climate change. Government action is certainly critical. But ultimately, reducing emissions globally depends on the private sector recognizing the commercial opportunities that sustainability presents.'Michael R BloombergFounder of Bloomberg LP and Bloomberg PhilanthropiesDavid M SolomonCEO of Goldman SachsMobilize the Market to Fight Global WarmingBloomberg, Opinion Article, April 27, 2021
This important book explores how community-based interventions can bridge the gap between health services and the voluntary sector to create more sustainable, healthy communities. Moving beyond a technologically driven, medicalised approach to healthcare, the book shows how social prescribing can provide a direct pathway to improving community health, embracing connection and challenging inequality. Written by a practicing GP, and illustrated through practical guidance, it demonstrates how this can offer a cost-effective, preventative means to improving health outcomes, enabling communities to be more resilient when confronting major issues such as climate change or pandemics. Building to a case study of how these methods were used in one town, Ross-on-Wye, the book will be invaluable reading for those working in healthcare, public health, local authorities, and the voluntary sector, as well as students and researchers interested in these areas.
“[E]ssential reading for anyone learning to be a teacher… This book will continue to be a core text on our ITE programmes.” Rachele Newman. Director of Initial Teacher Education, University of Southampton, UK “A comprehensive ‘must have’ for every new teacher entering the profession: a wide variety of short chapters, packed full of key, research-evidenced ideas, brilliantly articulated by a team of expert authors… Fantastic!” Mark Winterbottom, Professor of Education, University of Cambridge, UK “The beauty of the book is that the authors do not attempt to simplify teaching, instead they celebrate and explore the complexities of being a teacher.” Stefanie Sullivan, Deputy Head of School, Director of Initial Teacher Education, University of Nottingham, UK This timely new edition remains the ultimate guide for students in the core areas of teaching policy, assessment and curriculum planning, while also covering the relevant issues facing educators and students today. Grounded in contemporary research and empirical evidence, Becoming a Teacher provides a critical yet accessible exploration of the complexities involved in starting a career in secondary education. New chapters include topics such as wellbeing and mental health, social justice, decolonising the curricula and how to develop teacher identity when starting a career. Themes such as digital pedagogy now run through the core of the book, reflecting the future of our education system. The book: -Supports students with a blend of theory and practical solutions -Integrates a wide range of issues, contexts and perspectives -Guides and encourages readers to reflect on their own learning and teaching -Covers practical classroom implementations, theoretical and empirical research, social and cultural dimensions and much more Benefitting from the expertise of top academics in the education field while leaving room for the reader to engage with their own critical reflection, this book is essential for PGCE and Education students to gain a thorough understanding of the many facets of education as well as their own role as a teacher. Simon Gibbons is Senior Lecturer in English Education and Director of Teacher Education at King’s College London, UK. He is a former chair of the National Association for the Teaching of English. Richard Brock is a Lecturer in Science Education at King’s College London, UK. He taught secondary physics for many years in greater London and has also taught English in Japan and worked in special education. Melissa Glackin is Senior Lecturer in Science Education and the Director of the MA in STEM Education at King’s College London, UK. Elizabeth Rushton is Head of Department of Curriculum, Pedagogy and Assessment at the Institute of Education, University College London, UK. She previously led the Geography PGCE at King’s College London after having worked as a geography teacher and as Director of Evaluation for an education charity. Emma Towers is a Teaching Fellow in Education Policy at King’s College London, UK. Before moving into higher education, she worked as a primary school teacher in London schools.
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