This Element addresses a burning question – how can archaeologists best identify and interpret cultural burning, the controlled use of fire by people to shape and curate their physical and social landscapes? This Element describes what cultural burning is and presents current methods by which it can be identified in historical and archaeological records, applying internationally relevant methods to Australian landscapes. It clarifies how the transdisciplinary study of cultural burning by Quaternary scientists, historians, archaeologists and Indigenous community members is informing interpretations of cultural practices, ecological change, land use and the making of place. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Uncover the mysteries, wonders, and history of Mars—as close to an eye-witness perspective of the incredible Red Planet as any reader can get. The history of Mars is drawn not just on its surface, but also down into its broken bedrock and up into its frigid air. Most of all, it stretches back into deep time, where the trackways of the past have been obliterated and there is no discernible trace of where they started from or how they travelled, only where they ended up. From the planet’s formation 4.5 billion years ago, through eras that featured cataclysmic meteor strikes, explosive volcanoes and a vast ocean that spanned the entire upper hemisphere, to the long, frozen ages that saw its atmosphere steadily thinning and leaking away into space, planetary geologist Dr. Simon Morden presents a tantalizing vision of our nearest neighbour, its dramatic history, and astonishing present.
Climate change will likely affect the carbon balance of terrestrial soils via shifts in photosynthetic carbon input relative to soil respiratory CO2 loss. This review is focused on the effects of enhanced temperature and altered precipitation on soil respiration—that is, the sum of autotrophic root and heterotrophic microbial respiration. We highlight key processes that determine the substrate supply for the microbial decomposer community. These processes include (i) root exudation of low-molecular carbon compounds, (ii) enzymatic degradation of labile and recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM) and (iii) physicochemical protection of SOM. The sensitivities of these processes to soil temperature and moisture differ, aggravating mechanistic interpretation of bulk soil respiration in response to global change. Variation in soil respiration can also result from acclimation of autotrophic root respiration, or shifts in microbial carbon use efficiency. On the basis of such key processes, we evaluate the apparent flexibility of instantaneous temperature responses of soil respiration.
The last two decades have seen a renaissance in interest in the chemistry of the main group elements. In particular research on the metals of group 13 (aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium) has led to the synthesis and isolation of some very novel and unusual molecules, with implications for organometallic synthesis, new materials development, and with biological, medical and, environmental relevance. The Group 13 Metals Aluminium, Gallium, Indium and Thallium aims to cover new facts, developments and applications in the context of more general patterns of physical and chemical behaviour. Particular attention is paid to the main growth areas, including the chemistry of lower formal oxidation states, cluster chemistry, the investigation of solid oxides and hydroxides, advances in the formation of III-V and related compounds, the biological significance of Group 13 metal complexes, and the growing importance of the metals and their compounds in the mediation of organic reactions. Chapters cover: general features of the group 13 elements group 13 metals in the +3 oxidation state: simple inorganic compounds formal oxidation state +3: organometallic chemistry formal oxidation state +2: metal-metal bonded vs. mononuclear derivatives group 13 metals in the +1 oxidation state mixed or intermediate valence group 13 metal compounds aluminium and gallium clusters: metalloid clusters and their relation to the bulk phases, to naked clusters, and to nanoscaled materials simple and mixed metal oxides and hydroxides: solids with extended structures of different dimensionalities and porosities coordination and solution chemistry of the metals: biological, medical and, environmental relevance III-V and related semiconductor materials group 13 metal-mediated organic reactions The Group 13 Metals Aluminium, Gallium, Indium and Thallium provides a detailed, wide-ranging, and up-to-date review of the chemistry of this important group of metals. It will find a place on the bookshelves of practitioners, researchers and students working in inorganic, organometallic, and materials chemistry.
Este libro es una publicación estimulante e innovadora que explora diez grandes obras de pensadores y oradores reconocidos, con un impacto intelectual, práctico y global. Estas obras son en su mayoría un precedente significativo de las relaciones públicas en tanto que expresión o profesión, pero todas ellas se relacionan sin ninguna duda con la fuerza de la comunicación pública organizada y el poder ligado a aquellos que gestionan el proceso.Estas obras, estimulantes y diversas, se escribieron con el objetivo de abordar algunos de los grandes retos de la sociedad. Aunque tradicionalmente no han sido el foco de investigación de las relaciones públicas, todas ellas han tenido un impacto global como comunicadoras y también como base para ciertas ideas fundamentales, desde la espiritualidad hasta la guerra, la economía y la justicia social. Cada una de estas obras trata las implicaciones de la comunicación estructurada entre las organizaciones y las sociedades, y escudriña o aboga por las actividades que ahora son centrales para las relaciones públicas y su moralidad. Estas obras no pudieron ignorar las relaciones públicas y las relaciones públicas no pueden ignorarlas ahora. Este libro constituirá una lectura esencial para aquellos profesores y estudiantes de las relaciones públicas y la comunicación, y también será de interés para su estudio en otras disciplinas como la Sociología, la Literatura, la Filosofía y la Historia
Like a star chart this volume orientates the reader to the key issues and debates in Pacific and Australasian biogeography, palaeoecology and human ecology. A feature of this collection is the diversity of approaches ranging from interpretation of the biogeographic significance of plant and animal distributional patterns, pollen analysis from peats and lake sediments to discern Quaternary climate change, explanation of the patterns of faunal extinction events, the interplay of fire on landscape evolution, and models of the environmental consequences of human settlement patterns. The diversity of approaches, geographic scope and academic rigor are a fitting tribute to the enormous contributions of Geoff Hope. As made apparent in this volume, Hope pioneered multidisciplinary understanding of the history and impacts of human cultures in the Australia- Pacific region, arguably the globe's premier model systems for understanding the consequences of humans colonization on ecological systems. The distinguished scholars who have contributed to this volume also demonstrate Hope's enduring contribution as an inspirational research leader, collaborator and mentor. Terra Australis leave no doubt that history matters, not only for land management, but more importantly, in alerting settler and indigenous societies alike to their past ecological impacts and future environmental trajectories.
This volume brings together a collection of papers from a diverse field of international scholars exploring the multiple ways that East Timorese communities are making and remaking their connections to land and places of ancestral significance. The work is explicitly comparative and highlights the different ways Timorese language communities negotiate access and transactions in land, disputes and inheritance especially in areas subject to historical displacement and resettlement. Consideration is extended to the role of ritual performance and social alliance for inscribing connection and entitlement. Emerging through analysis is an appreciation of how relations to land, articulated in origin discourses, are implicated in the construction of national culture and differential contributions to the struggle for independence."--Publisher's description.
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