Going beyond the more usual focus on Jerusalem as a sacred place, this book presents legal perspectives on the most important sacred places of the Mediterranean. The first part of the book discusses the notion of sacred places in anthropological, sociological and legal studies and provides an overview of existing legal approaches to the protection of sacred places in order to develop and define a new legal framework. The second part introduces the meaning of sacred places in Jewish, Christian and Islamic thought and focuses on the significance and role that sacred places have in the three major monotheistic religions and how best to preserve their religious nature whilst designing a new international statute. The final part of the book is a detailed analysis of the legal status of key sacred places and holy cities in the Mediterranean area and identifies a set of legal principles to support a general framework within which specific legal measures can be implemented. The book concludes with a useful appendix for the protection of sacred places in the Mediterranean region. Including contributions from leading law and religion scholars, this interesting book will be valuable to those in the fields of international law, as well as religion and heritage studies.
What is the place assigned to religion in the constitutions of contemporary States? What role is religion expected to perform in the fields that are the object of constitutional regulation? Is separation of religion and politics a necessary precondition for democracy and the rule of law? These questions are addressed in this book through an analysis of the constitutional texts that are in force in different parts of the world. Constitutions are at the centre of almost all contemporary legal systems and provide the principles and values that inspire the action of the national law-makers. After a discussion of some topics that are central to the constitutional regulation of religion, the book considers a number of national systems covering countries with a variety of religious and cultural backgrounds. The final section of the book is devoted to the discussion of the constitutional regulation of some particularly controversial issues, such as religious education, the relation between freedom of speech and freedom of religion, abortion, and freedom of conscience.
The IBM® Smart Analytics System is a fully-integrated and scalable data warehouse solution that combines software, server, and storage resources to offer optimal business intelligence and information management performance for enterprises. This IBM Redbooks® publication introduces the architecture and components of the IBM Smart Analytics System family. We describe the installation and configuration of the IBM Smart Analytics System and show how to manage the systems effectively to deliver an enterprise class service. This book explains the importance of integrating the IBM Smart Analytics System with the existing IT environment, as well as how to leverage investments in security, monitoring, and backup infrastructure. We discuss the monitoring tools for both operating systems and DB2®. Advance configuration, performance troubleshooting, and tuning techniques are also discussed. This book is targeted at the architects and specialists who need to know the concepts and the detailed instructions for a successful Smart Analytics System implementation and operation.
In this IBM Redbooks publication, we discuss and describe a multidimensional data warehousing infrastructure that can enable solutions for complex problems in an efficient and effective manner. The focus of this infrastructure is the InfoSphere Warehouse Cubing Services Feature. With this feature, DB2 becomes the data store for large volumes of data that you can use to perform multidimensional analysis, which enables viewing complex problems from multiple perspectives, which provides more information for management business decision making. This feature supports analytic tool interfaces from powerful data analysis tools, such as Cognos 8 BI, Microsoft Excel, and Alphablox. This is a significant capability that supports and enhances the analytics that clients use as they work to resolve problems with an ever growing scope, dimension, and complexity. Analyzing problems by performing more detailed queries on the data and viewing the results from multiple perspectives yields significantly more information and insight. Building multidimensional cubes based on underlying DB2 relational tables, without having to move or replicate the data, enables significantly more powerful data analysis with less work and leads to faster problem resolution with the capability for more informed management decision making. This capability is known as No Copy Analytics and is made possible with InfoSphere Warehouse Cubing Services.
What is the place assigned to religion in the constitutions of contemporary States? What role is religion expected to perform in the fields that are the object of constitutional regulation? Is separation of religion and politics a necessary precondition for democracy and the rule of law? These questions are addressed in this book through an analysis of the constitutional texts that are in force in different parts of the world. Constitutions are at the centre of almost all contemporary legal systems and provide the principles and values that inspire the action of the national law-makers. After a discussion of some topics that are central to the constitutional regulation of religion, the book considers a number of national systems covering countries with a variety of religious and cultural backgrounds. The final section of the book is devoted to the discussion of the constitutional regulation of some particularly controversial issues, such as religious education, the relation between freedom of speech and freedom of religion, abortion, and freedom of conscience.
Complex and controversial, hackers possess a wily, fascinating talent, the machinations of which are shrouded in secrecy. Providing in-depth exploration into this largely uncharted territory, Profiling Hackers: The Science of Criminal Profiling as Applied to the World of Hacking offers insight into the hacking realm by telling attention-grabbing tales about bizarre characters that practice hacking as an art. Focusing on the relationship between technology and crime and drawn from the research conducted by the Hackers Profiling Project (HPP), this volume applies the behavioral science of criminal profiling to the world of internet predators. The authors reveal hidden aspects of the cyber-crime underground, answering questions such as: Who is a real hacker? What life does a hacker lead when not on-line? Is it possible to determine a hacker’s profile on the basis of his behavior or types of intrusion? What is the motive behind phishing, pharming, viruses, and worms? After gaining notoriety for breaking into many high-profile computer systems, the Italian hacker Raoul Chiesa turned to ethical hacking in 1995. Today he uses his skills and abilities to find ways to protect networks and computer systems. Stefania Ducci is a member of the Counter Human Trafficking and Emerging Crimes Unit at the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI). Silvio Ciappi is a criminologist who lectures at the University of Pisa and studies criminal profiling. These three experts with vastly different backgrounds explore the clandestine network of cyber-criminals, providing an unparalleled glimpse into the secret lives of these malevolent individuals.
The IBM® Smart Analytics System is a fully-integrated and scalable data warehouse solution that combines software, server, and storage resources to offer optimal business intelligence and information management performance for enterprises. This IBM Redbooks® publication introduces the architecture and components of the IBM Smart Analytics System family. We describe the installation and configuration of the IBM Smart Analytics System and show how to manage the systems effectively to deliver an enterprise class service. This book explains the importance of integrating the IBM Smart Analytics System with the existing IT environment, as well as how to leverage investments in security, monitoring, and backup infrastructure. We discuss the monitoring tools for both operating systems and DB2®. Advance configuration, performance troubleshooting, and tuning techniques are also discussed. This book is targeted at the architects and specialists who need to know the concepts and the detailed instructions for a successful Smart Analytics System implementation and operation.
In this volume Silvio Cruschina uses a comparative analysis to determine the syntax of the functional projections associated with discourse-related features, and to account for the marked word orders found in Romance-particularly in the fronting phenomena. Several language-specific analyses of discourse-related phenomena have been proposed in the literature, including studies on the notions of topic and focus in Romance, but the lack of a uniform definition of these notions, together with different assumptions in relation to the triggering features, has led to the perception that the Romance languages show many distinct and heterogeneous properties with respect to dislocation and fronting constructions. This volume is intended to complement the existing literature by integrating recent work on the topic and by emphasizing original and unifying reflections that combine and coordinate diverse elements. Cruschina's investigations clarify fundamental notions such as topic, focus, and contrast, drawing on new data from Sicilian, Sardinian, and other Romance varieties.
Maintenance of the information embedded in the genomic DNA sequence is essential for life. DNA polymerases play pivotal roles in the complex processes that maintain genetic integrity. Besides their tasks in vivo, DNA polymerases are the workhorses in numerous biotechnology applications such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cDNA cloning, next generation sequencing, nucleic acids based diagnostics and in techniques to analyze ancient and otherwise damaged DNA (e.g. for forensic applications). Moreover, some diseases are related to DNA polymerase defects and chemotherapy through inhibition of DNA polymerases is used to fight HIV, Herpes and Hepatitis B and C infections. This book focuses on (i) biology of DNA polymerases, (ii) medical aspects of DNA polymerases and (iii) biotechnological applications of DNA polymerases. It is intended for a wide audience from basic scientists, to diagnostic laboratories, to companies and to clinicians, who seek a better understanding and the practical use of these fascinating enzymes.
One of the grand challenges of artificial intelligence is to enable computers to interpret 3D scenes and objects from imagery. This book organizes and introduces major concepts in 3D scene and object representation and inference from still images, with a focus on recent efforts to fuse models of geometry and perspective with statistical machine learning. The book is organized into three sections: (1) Interpretation of Physical Space; (2) Recognition of 3D Objects; and (3) Integrated 3D Scene Interpretation. The first discusses representations of spatial layout and techniques to interpret physical scenes from images. The second section introduces representations for 3D object categories that account for the intrinsically 3D nature of objects and provide robustness to change in viewpoints. The third section discusses strategies to unite inference of scene geometry and object pose and identity into a coherent scene interpretation. Each section broadly surveys important ideas from cognitive science and artificial intelligence research, organizes and discusses key concepts and techniques from recent work in computer vision, and describes a few sample approaches in detail. Newcomers to computer vision will benefit from introductions to basic concepts, such as single-view geometry and image classification, while experts and novices alike may find inspiration from the book's organization and discussion of the most recent ideas in 3D scene understanding and 3D object recognition. Specific topics include: mathematics of perspective geometry; visual elements of the physical scene, structural 3D scene representations; techniques and features for image and region categorization; historical perspective, computational models, and datasets and machine learning techniques for 3D object recognition; inferences of geometrical attributes of objects, such as size and pose; and probabilistic and feature-passing approaches for contextual reasoning about 3D objects and scenes. Table of Contents: Background on 3D Scene Models / Single-view Geometry / Modeling the Physical Scene / Categorizing Images and Regions / Examples of 3D Scene Interpretation / Background on 3D Recognition / Modeling 3D Objects / Recognizing and Understanding 3D Objects / Examples of 2D 1/2 Layout Models / Reasoning about Objects and Scenes / Cascades of Classifiers / Conclusion and Future Directions
Maintenance of the information embedded in the genomic DNA sequence is essential for life. DNA polymerases play pivotal roles in the complex processes that maintain genetic integrity. Besides their tasks in vivo, DNA polymerases are the workhorses in numerous biotechnology applications such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cDNA cloning, genome sequencing, nucleic acids-based diagnostics and in techniques to analyze ancient and otherwise damaged DNA. Moreover, some diseases are related to DNA polymerase defects, and chemotherapy through inhibition of DNA polymerases is used to fight HIV, Herpes and Hepatitis B and C infections. We have recently witnessed the discovery of an abundance of novel DNA polymerases in viruses, bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes with specialized properties whose physiological functions are only beginning to be understood. This book summarizes the current knowledge of these fascinating enzymes. It is intended for a wide audience from basic scientists, to diagnostic laboratories and to clinicians who seek a better understanding of these fascinating enzymes.
At present, existing literature on this subject matter can only be said to relate in minor areas to this work. Important concepts in statistical mechanics, such as frustration, localization, Lifshitz and Griffiths singularities, multicritical points, modulated phases, superselection sectors, spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Haldane phase, strange attractors and the Hausdorff dimension, and many others, are illustrated by exactly soluble lattice models. There are examples of simple lattice models which are shown to give rise to spectacular phase diagrams, with multicritical points and sequences of modulated phases. The models are chosen to enable a concise exposition as well as a connection with real physical systems (as dilute antiferromagnets, spin glasses and modulated magnets). A brief introduction to the properties of dynamical systems, an overview of conformal invariance and the Bethe Ansatz and a discussion of some general methods of statistical mechanics related to spontaneous symmetry breaking, are included in the appendices. A number of exercises are included in the text to help the comprehension of the most representative issues.
Far from being exhaustive, this paper, mainly based on archival sources, aims at reconstructing the history of the Italian Republican Party, in a crucial phase of its existence since 1943, the year in which it began to operate in Italy, until 1948, when, at the aftermath of the elections of April 18, its new political identity took on more defined forms. The reviewed period undoubtedly marks a decisive phase in the history of the Edera: founded in 1895, the Pri had taken a specific political stance since it was born, that of the Extreme Left, and had tried to engage in fierce opposition, with some exceptions, the institution of monarchical governments. The centrist choice, in electoral terms, did not result in any case in a broad approval: those who had considered an alliance with the Christian Democracy, heralding an unstoppable electoral growth, were disappointed by the previously mentioned elections of April 18, 1948. Moreover, at a time when there was East/West bipolar confrontation, the idea to form a third force capable of becoming independent from the American capitalism and Soviet collectivism, assumptions of the Left-wing Republicans, appeared to be, at least, difficult to achieve. The choice without alternatives between the Dc and the Pci led the Republican Party to decide on a definitive identity, in clear contrast with its history, but it was a logical consequence of the Cold War and the political blocs.
Group and Crowd Behavior for Computer Vision provides a multidisciplinary perspective on how to solve the problem of group and crowd analysis and modeling, combining insights from the social sciences with technological ideas in computer vision and pattern recognition. The book answers many unresolved issues in group and crowd behavior, with Part One providing an introduction to the problems of analyzing groups and crowds that stresses that they should not be considered as completely diverse entities, but as an aggregation of people. Part Two focuses on features and representations with the aim of recognizing the presence of groups and crowds in image and video data. It discusses low level processing methods to individuate when and where a group or crowd is placed in the scene, spanning from the use of people detectors toward more ad-hoc strategies to individuate group and crowd formations. Part Three discusses methods for analyzing the behavior of groups and the crowd once they have been detected, showing how to extract semantic information, predicting/tracking the movement of a group, the formation or disaggregation of a group/crowd and the identification of different kinds of groups/crowds depending on their behavior. The final section focuses on identifying and promoting datasets for group/crowd analysis and modeling, presenting and discussing metrics for evaluating the pros and cons of the various models and methods. This book gives computer vision researcher techniques for segmentation and grouping, tracking and reasoning for solving group and crowd modeling and analysis, as well as more general problems in computer vision and machine learning. Presents the first book to cover the topic of modeling and analysis of groups in computer vision Discusses the topics of group and crowd modeling from a cross-disciplinary perspective, using social science anthropological theories translated into computer vision algorithms Focuses on group and crowd analysis metrics Discusses real industrial systems dealing with the problem of analyzing groups and crowds
Giuseppe Campani, “Inventor Romae,” an Uncommon Genius offers an account of the life and creations of the most talented maker of optic lenses, silent clocks and projector clocks of the second half of the seventeenth century but also provides you with unique insights into the scientific and technological landscape of baroque Rome and its links to a broader European scene.
Fault Diagnosis and Sustainable Control of Wind Turbines: Robust Data-Driven and Model-Based Strategies discusses the development of reliable and robust fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant (‘sustainable’) control schemes by means of data-driven and model-based approaches. These strategies are able to cope with unknown nonlinear systems and noisy measurements. The book also discusses simpler solutions relying on data-driven and model-based methodologies, which are key when on-line implementations are considered for the proposed schemes. The book targets both professional engineers working in industry and researchers in academic and scientific institutions. In order to improve the safety, reliability and efficiency of wind turbine systems, thus avoiding expensive unplanned maintenance, the accommodation of faults in their early occurrence is fundamental. To highlight the potential of the proposed methods in real applications, hardware–in–the–loop test facilities (representing realistic wind turbine systems) are considered to analyze the digital implementation of the designed solutions. The achieved results show that the developed schemes are able to maintain the desired performances, thus validating their reliability and viability in real-time implementations. Different groups of readers—ranging from industrial engineers wishing to gain insight into the applications' potential of new fault diagnosis and sustainable control methods, to the academic control community looking for new problems to tackle—will find much to learn from this work. Provides wind turbine models with varying complexity, as well as the solutions proposed and developed by the authors Addresses in detail the design, development and realistic implementation of fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control strategies for wind turbine systems Addresses the development of sustainable control solutions that, in general, do not require the introduction of further or redundant measurements Proposes active fault tolerant ('sustainable') solutions that are able to maintain the wind turbine working conditions with gracefully degraded performance before required maintenance can occur Presents full coverage of the diagnosis and fault tolerant control problem, starting from the modeling and identification and finishing with diagnosis and fault tolerant control approaches Provides MATLAB and Simulink codes for the solutions proposed
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