This volume contains the proceedings of the International Conference The Presidency of James Earl Carter Junior. Between Reformism, Pacifism and Human Rights, held in Rome on April 28, 2016, at the Institute Santa Maria in Aquiro, with the Senate of the Italian Republic patronage. Forty years after his election to the White House, it was deemed necessary to reflect on the political activity of a President little considered, until now, by the Italian historiography. The Carter Presidency, inspired since its inception by a predominant religious sentiment, was marked by a clear break with the past. Themes such as the respect for human rights, dialogue with the historic Soviet enemy, pacifism as a weapon of the Middle East problem resolution, industrial development through a sustainable approach were introduced right from the thirty-ninth occupant of the White House. At the presidential elections of 1980, which saw him clash with the Republican Ronald Reagan, Carter paid especially the failures of his reform and economic policy: the US economic difficulties and the significant increase in the unemployment rate were the main reasons that cost him his reelection. Reformism, pacifism, respect for human rights: concepts that would continue to inspire Carter’s policy, despite the defeat against Reagan.
Far from being exhaustive, this paper, mainly based on archival sources, aims at reconstructing the history of the Italian Republican Party, in a crucial phase of its existence since 1943, the year in which it began to operate in Italy, until 1948, when, at the aftermath of the elections of April 18, its new political identity took on more defined forms. The reviewed period undoubtedly marks a decisive phase in the history of the Edera: founded in 1895, the Pri had taken a specific political stance since it was born, that of the Extreme Left, and had tried to engage in fierce opposition, with some exceptions, the institution of monarchical governments. The centrist choice, in electoral terms, did not result in any case in a broad approval: those who had considered an alliance with the Christian Democracy, heralding an unstoppable electoral growth, were disappointed by the previously mentioned elections of April 18, 1948. Moreover, at a time when there was East/West bipolar confrontation, the idea to form a third force capable of becoming independent from the American capitalism and Soviet collectivism, assumptions of the Left-wing Republicans, appeared to be, at least, difficult to achieve. The choice without alternatives between the Dc and the Pci led the Republican Party to decide on a definitive identity, in clear contrast with its history, but it was a logical consequence of the Cold War and the political blocs.
The early twenty-first century has seen an explosion of animation. Cartoon characters are everywhere—in cinema, television, and video games and as brand logos. There are new technological objects that seem to have lives of their own—from Facebook algorithms that suggest products for us to buy to robots that respond to human facial expressions. The ubiquity of animation is not a trivial side-effect of the development of digital technologies and the globalization of media markets. Rather, it points to a paradigm shift. In the last century, performance became a key term in academic and popular discourse: The idea that we construct identities through our gestures and speech proved extremely useful for thinking about many aspects of social life. The present volume proposes an anthropological concept of animation as a contrast and complement to performance: The idea that we construct social others by projecting parts of ourselves out into the world might prove useful for thinking about such topics as climate crisis, corporate branding, and social media. Like performance, animation can serve as a platform for comparisons of different cultures and historical eras. Teri Silvio presents an anthropology of animation through a detailed ethnographic account of how characters, objects, and abstract concepts are invested with lives, personalities, and powers—and how people interact with them—in contemporary Taiwan. The practices analyzed include the worship of wooden statues of Buddhist and Daoist deities and the recent craze for cute vinyl versions of these deities, as well as a wildly popular video fantasy series performed by puppets. She reveals that animation is, like performance, a concept that works differently in different contexts, and that animation practices are deeply informed by local traditions of thinking about the relationships between body and soul, spiritual power and the material world. The case of Taiwan, where Chinese traditions merge with Japanese and American popular culture, uncovers alternatives to seeing animation as either an expression of animism or as “playing God.” Looking at the contemporary world through the lens of animation will help us rethink relationships between global and local, identity and otherness, human and non-human.
This Monograph focuses on the new approaches that urban agriculture offers to grow food in cities. The author paints a dynamic picture of soil-less and indoor techniques that are currently emerging. A growing number of small scale community-led and entrepreneurial initiatives are using such techniques for diverse objectives: to increase resource efficiency; to strengthen food security; to educate and inform or to exploit new market opportunities. The described studies demonstrate how technologies that are typically used in high-tech food production can also be harnessed in small projects to generate social and economic benefits at a local level. The author puts a focus on three aspects: to outline the context within which small scale soil-less urban agriculture is developing in Europe; to give an overview of the state-of-the-art of projects focusing on this area through case study analysis and to elaborate on emerging questions. Such questions include: is the use of soil-less urban agriculture changing the relationship with, and perception of, what is natural and sustainable for urban farmers and small enterprises working in this sector? What is the perceived potential of these soil-less and indoor forms of urban agriculture to meet environmental, social and economic goals? By answering these and other questions, the volume is a valuable resource for researchers in agriculture and sustainability, as well as urban farmers.
Image-Making-India explores the evolving meaning of images in a digital landscape from the vantage point of contemporary India. Building upon long-term ethnographic research among image-makers in Delhi, Mumbai and other Indian cities, the author interrogates the dialogue between visual culture, technology and changing notions of political participation. The book explores selected artistic experiences in documentary and fiction film, photography, contemporary art and digital curation that have in common a desire to engage with images as tools for social intervention. These experiences reveal images’ capacity not only to narrate and represent but also to perform, do and affect. Particular attention is devoted to the 'digital', a critical landscape that offers an opportunity to re-examine the significance of images and visual culture in a rapidly changing India. This volume will be of particular interest to scholars of visual and digital anthropology and cultures as well as South Asian studies.
This volume contains the proceedings of the International Conference The Presidency of James Earl Carter Junior. Between Reformism, Pacifism and Human Rights, held in Rome on April 28, 2016, at the Institute Santa Maria in Aquiro, with the Senate of the Italian Republic patronage. Forty years after his election to the White House, it was deemed necessary to reflect on the political activity of a President little considered, until now, by the Italian historiography. The Carter Presidency, inspired since its inception by a predominant religious sentiment, was marked by a clear break with the past. Themes such as the respect for human rights, dialogue with the historic Soviet enemy, pacifism as a weapon of the Middle East problem resolution, industrial development through a sustainable approach were introduced right from the thirty-ninth occupant of the White House. At the presidential elections of 1980, which saw him clash with the Republican Ronald Reagan, Carter paid especially the failures of his reform and economic policy: the US economic difficulties and the significant increase in the unemployment rate were the main reasons that cost him his reelection. Reformism, pacifism, respect for human rights: concepts that would continue to inspire Carter’s policy, despite the defeat against Reagan.
Far from being exhaustive, this paper, mainly based on archival sources, aims at reconstructing the history of the Italian Republican Party, in a crucial phase of its existence since 1943, the year in which it began to operate in Italy, until 1948, when, at the aftermath of the elections of April 18, its new political identity took on more defined forms. The reviewed period undoubtedly marks a decisive phase in the history of the Edera: founded in 1895, the Pri had taken a specific political stance since it was born, that of the Extreme Left, and had tried to engage in fierce opposition, with some exceptions, the institution of monarchical governments. The centrist choice, in electoral terms, did not result in any case in a broad approval: those who had considered an alliance with the Christian Democracy, heralding an unstoppable electoral growth, were disappointed by the previously mentioned elections of April 18, 1948. Moreover, at a time when there was East/West bipolar confrontation, the idea to form a third force capable of becoming independent from the American capitalism and Soviet collectivism, assumptions of the Left-wing Republicans, appeared to be, at least, difficult to achieve. The choice without alternatives between the Dc and the Pci led the Republican Party to decide on a definitive identity, in clear contrast with its history, but it was a logical consequence of the Cold War and the political blocs.
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