The coastline, terms the interface between land and water. Over one third of the world’s population lives either at the coasts or in adjacent coastal low land areas. The coast is a region of extreme energy contribution. The energy transported by waves, arrives at the coast and is obtainable for work. Thus the outcome is the processes of sediment transport causing morphological changes. As a result the coasts form the most rapidly changing places on earth's surface, playing an important role in global transportation of sediments. Hence studies on the coastal zone where air, land and water interact are a focus of particular interest among the scientific community. The coastal areas across the world are also of great economic importance as they contain copious natural resources and desired tourist destinations because of their immense scenic landscape. The port terminals and fishing harbors plays a key role in the worldwide economy through the transportation and storage of traded goods. On the other hand, their operating activities are extremely hurtful to marine and coastal environments if not properly maintained or monitored. The deeds of ports are the significant sources of environmental pollution and their construction may also harmfully affect the coastal environment, such as jetties/breakwater. The upcoming Vizhinjam seaport is a vital infrastructure to cater the container trades and these amenities may considerably dash the overall morphology and dynamics of the region. Hence to attain a preliminary view of its environmental conditions, a pilot study on the textural, mineralogical and geochemical distribution were analyzed in surface sediment samples of the Vizhinjam port area.
The coastline, terms the interface between land and water. Over one third of the world’s population lives either at the coasts or in adjacent coastal low land areas. The coast is a region of extreme energy contribution. The energy transported by waves, arrives at the coast and is obtainable for work. Thus the outcome is the processes of sediment transport causing morphological changes. As a result the coasts form the most rapidly changing places on earth's surface, playing an important role in global transportation of sediments. Hence studies on the coastal zone where air, land and water interact are a focus of particular interest among the scientific community. The coastal areas across the world are also of great economic importance as they contain copious natural resources and desired tourist destinations because of their immense scenic landscape. The port terminals and fishing harbors plays a key role in the worldwide economy through the transportation and storage of traded goods. On the other hand, their operating activities are extremely hurtful to marine and coastal environments if not properly maintained or monitored. The deeds of ports are the significant sources of environmental pollution and their construction may also harmfully affect the coastal environment, such as jetties/breakwater. The upcoming Vizhinjam seaport is a vital infrastructure to cater the container trades and these amenities may considerably dash the overall morphology and dynamics of the region. Hence to attain a preliminary view of its environmental conditions, a pilot study on the textural, mineralogical and geochemical distribution were analyzed in surface sediment samples of the Vizhinjam port area.
The Information and communication technology (ICT) industry is said to account for 2% of the worldwide carbon emissions – a fraction that continues to grow with the relentless push for more and more sophisticated computing equipment, c- munications infrastructure, and mobile devices. While computers evolved in the directionofhigherandhigherperformanceformostofthelatterhalfofthe20thc- tury, the late 1990’s and early 2000’ssaw a new emergingfundamentalconcern that has begun to shape our day-to-day thinking in system design – power dissipation. As we elaborate in Chapter 1, a variety of factors colluded to raise power-ef?ciency as a ?rst class design concern in the designer’s mind, with profound consequences all over the ?eld: semiconductor process design, circuit design, design automation tools, system and application software, all the way to large data centers. Power-ef?cient System Design originated from a desire to capture and highlight the exciting developments in the rapidly evolving ?eld of power and energy op- mization in electronic and computer based systems. Tremendous progress has been made in the last two decades, and the topic continues to be a fascinating research area. To develop a clearer focus, we have concentrated on the relatively higher level of design abstraction that is loosely called the system level. In addition to the ext- sive coverage of traditional power reduction targets such as CPU and memory, the book is distinguished by detailed coverage of relatively modern power optimization ideas focussing on components such as compilers, operating systems, servers, data centers, and graphics processors.
Solid waste management affects every person in the world. By 2050, the world is expected to increase waste generation by 70 percent, from 2.01 billion tonnes of waste in 2016 to 3.40 billion tonnes of waste annually. Individuals and governments make decisions about consumption and waste management that affect the daily health, productivity, and cleanliness of communities. Poorly managed waste is contaminating the world’s oceans, clogging drains and causing flooding, transmitting diseases, increasing respiratory problems, harming animals that consume waste unknowingly, and affecting economic development. Unmanaged and improperly managed waste from decades of economic growth requires urgent action at all levels of society. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 aggregates extensive solid aste data at the national and urban levels. It estimates and projects waste generation to 2030 and 2050. Beyond the core data metrics from waste generation to disposal, the report provides information on waste management costs, revenues, and tariffs; special wastes; regulations; public communication; administrative and operational models; and the informal sector. Solid waste management accounts for approximately 20 percent of municipal budgets in low-income countries and 10 percent of municipal budgets in middle-income countries, on average. Waste management is often under the jurisdiction of local authorities facing competing priorities and limited resources and capacities in planning, contract management, and operational monitoring. These factors make sustainable waste management a complicated proposition; most low- and middle-income countries, and their respective cities, are struggling to address these challenges. Waste management data are critical to creating policy and planning for local contexts. Understanding how much waste is generated—especially with rapid urbanization and population growth—as well as the types of waste generated helps local governments to select appropriate management methods and plan for future demand. It allows governments to design a system with a suitable number of vehicles, establish efficient routes, set targets for diversion of waste, track progress, and adapt as consumption patterns change. With accurate data, governments can realistically allocate resources, assess relevant technologies, and consider strategic partners for service provision, such as the private sector or nongovernmental organizations. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 provides the most up-to-date information available to empower citizens and governments around the world to effectively address the pressing global crisis of waste. Additional information is available at http://www.worldbank.org/what-a-waste.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.