Retail is the essential link between production and consumption. The dynamics of a nation’s economy cannot be fully understood without a good understanding of its retail sector. This book is written to achieve three broad objectives. First, it provides a comprehensive assessment of the changes in consumption patterns in China, the current size of the Chinese consumer market, and the regional variations. Second, it presents an interpretation of the changes in the country’s regulatory system and the corresponding policy initiatives, including the new state spatial strategies devised after its admission to the WTO. Third, it delivers a systematic analysis of the transformation of China’s retail sector. This includes the entry and expansion of foreign retailers, the development of indigenous retail chains as a national strategy to modernize China’s retail industry, and the changing retailer-supplier relations. This book is a useful reference not only for university students and faculty researchers, but also for international retailers and commercial real estate developers who contemplate business and investment opportunities in China.
The retail sector is an integral part of a national economy. From the political economy perspective, all consumer goods have surplus values locked up in them; the surplus values are not realized until the consumer goods are purchased by consumers through various distribution channels. As such, retailing is the essential link between production and consumption. The success of a retail business depends on two general factors: the location of the retail outlet, and management of the business. Both factors are equally important. If the business is located in the wrong place with the wrong customer base, it will not generate expected sales. Similarly, if the business is poorly managed and operated, it will not perform well even if the location is right. Influenced by both traditional and new location theories, Retail Geography is conceptualized and organized using the retail planning process as the framework. The technical and methodological chapters help guide the reader with detailed descriptions of the techniques and are supported with practical examples to reflect the latest software development. Retail Geography provides a state-of-the-art summary and will act as a core textbook for undergraduate and graduate students of economic geography interested in specializing in retail and business geography. The practical examples also make it a valuable handbook for practitioners in the field, as well as students of retail management and commercial real estate management.
Social Infrastructure and Vulnerability in the Suburbs examines how the combination of the low-density, car-centric geography of outer suburbs and neoliberal governance in the past several decades has affected disadvantaged populations in North American metro areas. Taking the example of York Region, a large outer suburb north of Toronto, the authors provide a spatial analysis that illuminates the invisible geography of vulnerability in the region. The volume examines access to social services by vulnerable groups who are not usually associated with the suburbs: recent immigrants, seniors, and low-income families. Investigating their access to four types of social infrastructure education, employment, housing, and settlement services this book presents a range of policy recommendations for how to address the social inequalities that characterize contemporary outer suburbs.
The book is a chronological study of the history of films related to Chinese Minorities from the period of 1927 through 2010 focusing on many aspects such as their themes, cinematic story-telling styles, ideological impacts, and their commercialization and globalization.
The retail sector is an integral part of a national economy. From the political economy perspective, all consumer goods have surplus values locked up in them; the surplus values are not realized until the consumer goods are purchased by consumers through various distribution channels. As such, retailing is the essential link between production and consumption. The success of a retail business depends on two general factors: the location of the retail outlet, and management of the business. Both factors are equally important. If the business is located in the wrong place with the wrong customer base, it will not generate expected sales. Similarly, if the business is poorly managed and operated, it will not perform well even if the location is right. Influenced by both traditional and new location theories, Retail Geography is conceptualized and organized using the retail planning process as the framework. The technical and methodological chapters help guide the reader with detailed descriptions of the techniques and are supported with practical examples to reflect the latest software development. Retail Geography provides a state-of-the-art summary and will act as a core textbook for undergraduate and graduate students of economic geography interested in specializing in retail and business geography. The practical examples also make it a valuable handbook for practitioners in the field, as well as students of retail management and commercial real estate management.
Social Infrastructure and Vulnerability in the Suburbs examines how the combination of the low-density, car-centric geography of outer suburbs and neoliberal governance in the past several decades has affected disadvantaged populations in North American metro areas. Taking the example of York Region, a large outer suburb north of Toronto, the authors provide a spatial analysis that illuminates the invisible geography of vulnerability in the region. The volume examines access to social services by vulnerable groups who are not usually associated with the suburbs: recent immigrants, seniors, and low-income families. Investigating their access to four types of social infrastructure education, employment, housing, and settlement services this book presents a range of policy recommendations for how to address the social inequalities that characterize contemporary outer suburbs.
Retail is the essential link between production and consumption. The dynamics of a nation’s economy cannot be fully understood without a good understanding of its retail sector. This book is written to achieve three broad objectives. First, it provides a comprehensive assessment of the changes in consumption patterns in China, the current size of the Chinese consumer market, and the regional variations. Second, it presents an interpretation of the changes in the country’s regulatory system and the corresponding policy initiatives, including the new state spatial strategies devised after its admission to the WTO. Third, it delivers a systematic analysis of the transformation of China’s retail sector. This includes the entry and expansion of foreign retailers, the development of indigenous retail chains as a national strategy to modernize China’s retail industry, and the changing retailer-supplier relations. This book is a useful reference not only for university students and faculty researchers, but also for international retailers and commercial real estate developers who contemplate business and investment opportunities in China.
This book provides a comprehensive picture of mobile big data starting from data sources to mobile data driven applications. Mobile Big Data comprises two main components: an overview of mobile big data, and the case studies based on real-world data recently collected by one of the largest mobile network carriers in China. In the first component, four areas of mobile big data life cycle are surveyed: data source and collection, transmission, computing platform and applications. In the second component, two case studies are provided, based on the signaling data collected in the cellular core network in terms of subscriber privacy evaluation and demand forecasting for network management. These cases respectively give a vivid demonstration of what mobile big data looks like, and how it can be analyzed and mined to generate useful and meaningful information and knowledge. This book targets researchers, practitioners and professors relevant to this field. Advanced-level students studying computer science and electrical engineering will also be interested in this book as supplemental reading.
This book demonstrates the optimal adversarial attacks against several important signal processing algorithms. Through presenting the optimal attacks in wireless sensor networks, array signal processing, principal component analysis, etc, the authors reveal the robustness of the signal processing algorithms against adversarial attacks. Since data quality is crucial in signal processing, the adversary that can poison the data will be a significant threat to signal processing. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to investigate the behavior of machine learning algorithms in signal processing under adversarial attacks. The authors in this book mainly examine the adversarial robustness of three commonly used machine learning algorithms in signal processing respectively: linear regression, LASSO-based feature selection, and principal component analysis (PCA). As to linear regression, the authors derive the optimal poisoning data sample and the optimal feature modifications, and also demonstrate the effectiveness of the attack against a wireless distributed learning system. The authors further extend the linear regression to LASSO-based feature selection and study the best strategy to mislead the learning system to select the wrong features. The authors find the optimal attack strategy by solving a bi-level optimization problem and also illustrate how this attack influences array signal processing and weather data analysis. In the end, the authors consider the adversarial robustness of the subspace learning problem. The authors examine the optimal modification strategy under the energy constraints to delude the PCA-based subspace learning algorithm. This book targets researchers working in machine learning, electronic information, and information theory as well as advanced-level students studying these subjects. R&D engineers who are working in machine learning, adversarial machine learning, robust machine learning, and technical consultants working on the security and robustness of machine learning are likely to purchase this book as a reference guide.
em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"Energy Harvesting Wireless Communications offers a review of the most current research as well as the basic concepts, key ideas and powerful tools of energy harvesting wireless communications. Energy harvesting is both renewable and cheap and has the potential for many applications in future wireless communication systems to power transceivers by utilizing environmental energy such as solar, thermal, wind, and kinetic energy. The authors—noted experts in the field—explore the power allocation for point-to-point energy harvesting channels, power allocation for multi-node energy harvesting channels, and cross-layer design for energy harvesting links. In addition, they offer an in-depth examination of energy harvesting network optimization and cover topics such as energy harvesting ad hoc networks, cost aware design for energy harvesting assisted cellular networks, and energy harvesting in next generation cellular networks.
This book provides a thorough analysis of the evolution of land property rights and transfer mechanism during the transition of the Chinese society from being a traditional self-sustaining agricultural society to a modern commercialized agricultural society. It provides empirical proof for complicated property rights theories and a solution and path for land capitalization. It discloses that in practice, land ownership may not be the essence and knot of the problem, and that the implementation of land property rights really matters.The book also provides a series of pragmatic solutions and measures to improve the current land law system and land policy in China. It stresses the importance of a pragmatic research methodology that is based on arguments on real life research and evidence, which may help promote a more grounded research atmosphere in the Chinese academia.
Numerical methods to estimate material properties usually involve analysis of a representative volume element (RVE) or unit cell (UC). The representative volume element (RVE) or unit cell (UC) is the smallest volume over which a measurement can be made that will yield a value representative of the whole. RVEs and UCs are widely used in the characterisation of materials with multiscale architectures such as composites. However, finite element (FE) software packages such as Abaqus and Comsol MultiPhysics do not offer the capability for RVE and UC modelling directly on their own. To apply them to analyse RVEs and UCs, the generation of the FE models for them, the imposition of boundary conditions, and the extraction of directly relevant results are essentially the responsibility of the user. These have tended to be incorrectly implemented by users! For the first time, this book will provide a comprehensive account on correct modelling of RVEs and UCs, which will eliminate any uncertainties and ambiguities.The book offers a complete and thorough review on the subject of RVEs and UCs, establishing a framework on a rigorous mathematical and mechanical basis to ensure that basic concepts, such as symmetry and free body diagrams, are applied correctly and consistently. It also demonstrates to readers that rigorous applications of mathematics and mechanics are meant to make things clear, consistent, thorough and, most of all, simple and easy to follow, rather than the opposite as many perceive. As a result, the book shows that the appropriate use of RVEs and UCs can deliver an effective and reliable means of material characterisation. It not only provides a much needed comprehensive account on material characterisation but, more importantly, explains how such characterisation can be conducted in a consistent and systematic manner. It also includes a ready-to-use open source code for UCs that can be downloaded from a companion site for potential users to utilise, adapt and expand as they wish. The companion site for the book can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals/book-companion/9780081026380 The theories presented in this book will give users more confidence when applying RVE and UC models to analyse materials of complex architectures with accuracy and efficiency Systematic explanations of RVE and UC theories have been included, as well as their applications in composites It illustrates in detail how to set up UC models and provides an open source code to implement via Abaqus
Network Robustness under Large-Scale Attacks provides the analysis of network robustness under attacks, with a focus on large-scale correlated physical attacks. The book begins with a thorough overview of the latest research and techniques to analyze the network responses to different types of attacks over various network topologies and connection models. It then introduces a new large-scale physical attack model coined as area attack, under which a new network robustness measure is introduced and applied to study the network responses. With this book, readers will learn the necessary tools to evaluate how a complex network responds to random and possibly correlated attacks.
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