This book explores the important topic of fiscal decentralization in Asian countries, and focuses on how government finance and administration are being reformed to bring budgetary decisions closer to voters. The focus on Asia is especially important because all countries in this region have been undergoing serious fiscal reforms in the past decade. They include one of the biggest decentralization reforms in Indonesia, significant reforms in democratic Philippines and Vietnam which are in transition, and Japan, whose fiscal reconstruction program is covered extensively. India and China, which are also covered, are very special cases because of their size and because their policies must fit decentralization into a significant economic growth scenario.
Dai lived a normal high school life in Sendai: a city of hot summer days and rainy nights. Between basketball, part time jobs, and an uncertain future, something was missing. And that thing was music. With his days in senior year running out, Dai swears a heartfelt vow: "I'm gonna be the best jazz player in the world." But what do you need to be the best? Talent? Effort? A lucky break? Or maybe just a deep, pure love for music, and too much stubbornness to know when to quit.
The book is a precious reference book for development economics or the political economy of development in Asia or anywhere else. Unlike other books, first, it deals with all the East Asian countries, including Japan and other Asian countries. Second, it offers some empirical research findings based on surveys conducted by the author's group. Research on developing countries has been limited by individual scholars' observations, particularly about the value-related issues like politics or religions. Thirdly, the book digs into the nation-building problems which are often neglected by economists. It bridges the politics, sociology and economics in East Asian countries and is an important reference book for graduate students.
This book aims to assess the roles of entrepreneurship and social innovation for socio-cultural changes. It also evaluates farmers’ performance in disaster risk management at a community level toward sustainable regional development in a rural haor region of Bangladesh. To achieve the purpose of the research, both a qualitative method (Trajectory Equifinality Modeling, TEM) and a quantitative method (Structural Equation Modeling, SEM) are introduced, based on the results of case studies on local entrepreneurs, interview and focus group discussions with stakeholders, and questionnaire surveys of farm households. First, the results clarify that social capital is critically important both for male and female entrepreneurs in the haor region, and that education is more important to women for empowerment and technology adoption in the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the haor region of Bangladesh. In addition, it makes clear that the Common Interest Group approach plays a role for women’s empowerment in the target region. Furthermore, it identifies the multi-causal relationships among the factors affecting farm households’ performance in disaster risk management at the community level. This book helps readers to understand regional development through social and cultural transformation in a rural community where poverty and gender discrimination are path-dependent problems.
This book offers the representative macro-econometric models and their applications for the Japanese economy in different development stages throughout postwar years up to the present. It presents a summary of three types of macro-econometric models and analyses: ? Social accounting analyses of national income and related indices ? following the tradition of C Clark, S Kuznets, R Stone and World Bank Development Reports; ? Inter-industrial and inter-regional analyses of the Japanese economy a la W Leontief and the CGE (computable general equilibrium) type of applications to Comprehensive Development Plans; ? Macro-econometric model building for the Japanese economy and its applications with a survey of various models in Japan including the historic Osaka University ISER (Institute of Social and Economic Research) model and present day Government models. As many Asian economies are going through the stages of development that Japan has experienced for the past few decades, to them and other developing countries this book will be extremely relevant as a reference for years to come.
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is a transformative and powerful approach to language education and has had a significant impact on educational pedagogy in recent years. Despite burgeoning literature on the efficacy and implementation of CLIL, there remains a gap between CLIL and English Language Teaching (ELT). Many practitioners wonder how they can ‘do CLIL’ if their main classes are focused on English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This volume addresses these concerns by examining the experiences of various CLIL practitioners in the EFL context of Japan. Chapters outline the CLIL methodology, the differences in ‘hard CLIL’ (subject led) and ‘soft CLIL’ (language-oriented) before focusing on the EFL interpretations of soft-CLIL. Although the distinction of hard CLIL and soft CLIL has been mentioned in several publications, this is the first book-length exploration of this issue, featuring chapters examining expectations, challenges, material support, implementation, and even motivation in CLIL classrooms. All of this culminates in a review of the potential and future of CLIL in EFL contexts, paving the way for more widespread and well informed implementation of CLIL all over the world.
Dai is determined to become the best jazz player in the world, but dreams don't come easy--and a whole lot get broken on the way. While his music teacher Yui drills him relentlessly on technique and theory, Dai prepares to take his stand. Everyone at the school festival goes wild for rock and pop, but Dai takes the stage with tenor sax in hand. Does his solo jazz have what it takes to win over a hostile crowd?
This volume contains papers presented at the 20th International Conference on Genome Informatics (GIW 2009) held at the Pacifico Yokohama, Japan from December 14 to 16, 2009. The GIW Series provides an international forum for the presentation and discussion of original research papers on all aspects of bioinformatics, computational biology and systems biology. Its scope includes biological sequence analysis, protein structure prediction, genetic regulatory networks, bioinformatic algorithms, comparative genomics, and biomolecular data integration and analysis. Boasting a history of 20 years, GIW is the longest-running international bioinformatics conference. A total of 18 contributed papers were selected for presentation at GIW 2009 and for inclusion in this book. In addition, this book contains abstracts from the five invited speakers: Sean Eddy (HHMI's Janelia Farm, USA), Minoru Kanehisa (Kyoto University, Japan), Sang Yup Lee (KAIST, Korea), Hideyuki Okano (Keio University, Japan) and Mark Ragan (University of Queensland, Australia).
This book makes it easy to create and admire wonderful Japanese-style paintings and portraits! Modern Japanese-style paintings are recognizable by their restrained use of three-dimensionality and perspective, reliance upon expressive lines, and the bold use of color to direct the viewer's eye. There are other ways that artists imbue their work with Japanese- inspired attributes, including through the skillful use of shape, texture, and facial expression. Author Shinichi Fukui introduces readers to 7 notable modern Japanese artists (Kazuo Kawakami, Chiaki Takasugi, Miho Tanaka, Ryohei Nishiyama, Jose Franky, Ryohei Murata, and Keiji Yano) who specialize in shin hanga-style portraiture of Japanese women. He then presents instructions to create 21 different original paintings--from sketching models, preparing and mixing paints, blocking in color, and rendering fine details. Using these techniques, and a bit of acrylic paint, readers will be able to create eye-catching works of art that express a timeless Japanese aesthetic.
Dai, Tamada, and Yukinori have taken their jazz trio to the next level as the opening act for a famous, established group. In front of their biggest audience yet, they face down a tepid crowd and condescending band by unleashing everything they've got. But even that victory isn't enough for Yukinori. He's always had his sights on the big time: So Blue, Tokyo's hottest jazz club. His first attempt to get the band on that stage ended in humiliation, but fate has an unexpected opportunity in store, not to mention unexpected challenges...
This book develops a new framework - the stakeholder model - that helps to understand corporate finance and governance in modern society, where the sources of people’s happiness have shifted from monetary to non-monetary factors. The book takes a more comprehensive approach than is typically found in the standard economics and finance literature, by explicitly incorporating both the monetary and non-monetary interests of stakeholders and by examining the value creation of corporations from a much broader perspective. Specifically, the book addresses contemporary issues concerning corporate finance and governance worldwide, including: How should we define corporate value in stakeholder society? What is the role of modern corporations? What are the principles underlying corporate financing decisions? To what extent should shareholder rights be enhanced? What determines the effectiveness of a company’s board of directors? What missions do firms set out and what is the role of mission statements? How can we understand the diversity of financial and governance systems among different countries? What legal and institutional reforms enhance or diminish corporate value in stakeholder society? The book will answer these questions theoretically and empirically.
East Asia's rapid economic growth and the crisis of 1997 have caught the world's attention. As the Asian miracle has turned to meltdown, the critical question has become whether growth will resume. Based on research and conferences at ICSEAD in Kitakyushu, Japan, this book brings together the work of Asian economic development experts. It considers the forces behind the East Asian growth miracle, the process of growth, the effect of saving, and the effect of foreign direct investment and multinationals. Taking an optimistic view, the authors conclude that rapid growth may resume in East Asia once the crisis has been resolved. The authors argue that a growth process links East Asian countries to each other and to the industrial world, and that growth reflects a process that combines capital formation and technical and institutional change. The 1997 crisis grew out of excessively rapid boom and must be handled before growth will resume. But, the authors conclude, once the crisis has been resolved, the linked process of growth supported by appropriate policies, high levels of savings and investment, and foreign investment will allow growth to resume, although perhaps with a different geographic center of gravity.
This book deals with the major problems that Japan and East Asian countries have faced during the turbulent years of their reconstruction and development from 1945 to the present time. The Development Report of the World Bank 1993 on the same subject was given the subtitle East Asian Miracle. I have never thought, however, that the impressive achievement of East Asian development was a miracle in any sense. Indeed, as this book tries to show, Japanese and Asian development has been the fruit of the sweat, tears, and blood of all East Asian nations. The efforts and sacrifices involved in the process of their development after World War II are no less than those during the war itself. One should not overlook the fact that almost all the peoples of East Asia have achieved not just economic development but indeed new nation-building after hundreds of years of coloni al submission. It is my assertion in this book that even economists' analyses of Asian development should pay attention to not only the logos but also the pathos of develop ment in this last half of twentieth century. Ever since I became the director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies at Kyoto University in 1969, I have written extensively in English as well as in Japanese on the various problems arising in the Japanese and other Asian economies.
Dr. Suzuki's writings and addresses, some of which are not generally available, are collected here to present his philosophies on the "Mother Tongue Approach" and the education of children with the Suzuki Method.
Nakazawa connects Buddhist philosophy with modern sciences such as psychology, quantum theory, and mathematics, as well as linguistics and the arts to present a perspective on understanding the mind in a world built on interconnection and networks of relations. While Lemma Science is a new and modern study of humans, its provenance is deeply rooted in the Eastern thought tradition. The ancient Greeks identified two modes of human intelligence: the logos and lemma intellects. Etymologically, logos signifies to "arrange and organize what has been gathered in front of one's self." To practice logos-based thinking, one must rely on language. Thus, humans organize and understand the objects in the universe according to linguistic syntax. In contrast, lemma etymologically signifies the intellectual capacity to "grasp the whole at once." Instead of arranging objects along a time axis, as language does, the lemma intellect perceives the world in an intuitive, non-linear and non-causal manner, comprehending the whole in an instant. This book embarks on a venture to establish a new science based upon the lemma intellect. Using non-logos-based materials, rigorously following lemma-based methods, and transgressing the boundaries of academic fields, Nakazawa seeks to construct this new science as a fluid, dynamic entity. This book will be of great interest to researchers across the fields of Japanese studies, Buddhist studies, psychology and linguistics.
People in Japan take their drink seriously. But alcohol is seriously bad for you. This book will tell you how to hold your drink - without dying from the consequences' HENRY GEE, Senior Editor, Nature, and author of The Accidental Species: Misunderstandings of Human Evolution 'Drinking can be one of life's great pleasures, but it can also be very harmful and dangerous. Here is a sensible, science-driven, and thought-provoking look at both the pluses and minuses of alcohol as well as tips on how to hopefully enjoy your favourite tipple in a safer way. Kanpai!' BRIAN ASHCRAFT, author of The Japanese Saké Bible and Japanese Whisky 'A refreshingly honest look at booze and how to get the best out of it. I can definitely drink to that.' HELEN McGINN, author of The Knackered Mother's Wine Club ALCOHOL CAN BE GOOD FOR YOU! In this uniquely Japanese mix of quirky fun and hard science, alcohol is revealed not as a poison, but as the best of all medicines . . . up to a point. If we drink healthily, drinkers need never give up what we love. Kaori Haishi is a journalist and the director of the Japan Saké Association; Dr Shinichi Asabe is a liver specialist who likes a drink. Kaori Haishi interviewed a line-up of twenty-five booze-loving physicians, including Japan's leading expert on throwing up, a sleep specialist on how nightcaps can cause depression and a professor on how drinking too much beer can prevent the secretion of testosterone. Now, with Dr Asabe's expert medical help, she has written this book. Universally relevant information about the effects of wines, beers and spirits on the human body is delivered with clarity and precision, backed up by plentiful footnotes citing the latest academic research. The unfailingly amusing Haishi has particularly empathetic advice for women, including the merits of saké as a miracle skin-care product. The book explores all sorts of issues, such as: Bitter Medicine - how beer can help to prevent dementia. Shakes on a Plane - is in-flight drinking dangerous? Mellow Yellow - checking the colour of your pee. Snack Attacks - secrets for avoiding weight gain. And that perennial mystery . . . how do the French get away with it?
Metal complexes play important roles as catalysts or other participants in synthetic and biological reactions. Substrates and sometimes attacking reagents also are activated through coordination with metal atoms or ions. In these events the natures not only of the central metals but also of ancillary ligands exert important influences on the stability and reactivity of the coordinated substrates. A ligand in general can adopt various coordination modes depending on its chemical environment, thus functioning as a probe. The number of coordination modes increases with increasing complexity of the ligand. In this book it is shown that even the simplest mono- and diatomic ligands such as H, CO, and N2 exhibit a variety of coordination modes, which are related to their reactions. The thiocyanate anion is taken up as a representative of the triatomic ambidentate ligands, and factors influencing the preferences for N- und S-bonding are summarized. Coordination chemistry of ß-dicarbonyl compounds is a highlight of this book. Acetylacetone, one of the most familiar Werner ligands, is shown to favor -carbon and n-allylic bonding in many instances. Its versatile behaviour in changing coordination modes is revealed.
This textbook by the father of the Suzuki Method®, Dr. Shinichi Suzuki, contains several essays that deal with children's abilities, educational systems, memory and absorption, the power of habit, early education and the fostering of students' talents. A glimpse into the mind of a great man!
This book is the cornerstone upon which to build any Suzuki-oriented library. In it the author presents the philosophy and principles of Suzuki's teaching methods. Through the examples from his own life and teaching, Suzuki establishes his case for early childhood education and the high potential of every human being, not just those seemingly gifted.
Cryptography is hard, but it’s less hard when it’s filled with adorable Japanese manga. The latest addition to the Manga Guide series, The Manga Guide to Cryptography, turns the art of encryption and decryption into plain, comic illustrated English. As you follow Inspector Jun Meguro in his quest to bring a cipher-wielding thief to justice, you’ll learn how cryptographic ciphers work. (Ciphers are the algorithms at the heart of cryptography.) Like all books in the Manga Guide series, The Manga Guide to Cryptography is illustrated throughout with memorable Japanese manga as it dives deep into advanced cryptography topics, such as classic substitution, polyalphabetic, and transposition ciphers; symmetric-key algorithms like block and DES (Data Encryption Standard) ciphers; and how to use public key encryption technology. It also explores practical applications of encryption such as digital signatures, password security, and identity fraud countermeasures. The Manga Guide to Cryptography is the perfect introduction to cryptography for programmers, security professionals, aspiring cryptographers, and anyone who finds cryptography just a little bit hard.
This is the first book to clarify the relationships between multi-functions of urban agriculture, creative classes, and social business in China and Japan. Specifically, it constructs a new framework showing how these factors contribute to the sustainability of cities by introducing the mixed methods research of structural equation modeling and the trajectory equifinality model. Policy implications drawn from the research suggests that governments should provide opportunities to create a virtuous cycle to improve the accumulation of social capital in order to attract those who think creatively. It is widely agreed that a sustainable city should meet the needs of the present generation without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. However, there has been no completely agreed-upon definition for what a sustainable city should be nor upon the paradigm for what components should be included. On the other hand, there is a possibility that the multi-functions of urban agriculture may attract especially those who are thinking creatively. These creative thinkers have a high level of social capital, pay attention to social issues, and are greatly motivated to find solutions through social enterprises such as agriculture-related business.
Cryptography is hard, but it’s less hard when it’s filled with adorable Japanese manga. The latest addition to the Manga Guide series, The Manga Guide to Cryptography, turns the art of encryption and decryption into plain, comic illustrated English. As you follow Inspector Jun Meguro in his quest to bring a cipher-wielding thief to justice, you’ll learn how cryptographic ciphers work. (Ciphers are the algorithms at the heart of cryptography.) Like all books in the Manga Guide series, The Manga Guide to Cryptography is illustrated throughout with memorable Japanese manga as it dives deep into advanced cryptography topics, such as classic substitution, polyalphabetic, and transposition ciphers; symmetric-key algorithms like block and DES (Data Encryption Standard) ciphers; and how to use public key encryption technology. It also explores practical applications of encryption such as digital signatures, password security, and identity fraud countermeasures. The Manga Guide to Cryptography is the perfect introduction to cryptography for programmers, security professionals, aspiring cryptographers, and anyone who finds cryptography just a little bit hard.
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