Since the discovery of the structure of DNA and the birth of the genetic age, a powerful vocabulary has emerged to express science’s growing command over the matter of life. Armed with knowledge of the code that governs all living things, biology and biotechnology are poised to edit, even rewrite, the texts of life to correct nature’s mistakes. Yet, how far should the capacity to manipulate what life is at the molecular level authorize science to define what life is for? This book looks at flash points in law, politics, ethics, and culture to argue that science’s promises of perfectibility have gone too far. Science may have editorial control over the material elements of life, but it does not supersede the languages of sense-making that have helped define human values across millennia: the meanings of autonomy, integrity, and privacy; the bonds of kinship, family, and society; and the place of humans in nature.
Biology and politics have converged today across much of the industrialized world. Debates about genetically modified organisms, cloning, stem cells, animal patenting, and new reproductive technologies crowd media headlines and policy agendas. Less noticed, but no less important, are the rifts that have appeared among leading Western nations about the right way to govern innovation in genetics and biotechnology. These significant differences in law and policy, and in ethical analysis, may in a globalizing world act as obstacles to free trade, scientific inquiry, and shared understandings of human dignity. In this magisterial look at some twenty-five years of scientific and social development, Sheila Jasanoff compares the politics and policy of the life sciences in Britain, Germany, the United States, and in the European Union as a whole. She shows how public and private actors in each setting evaluated new manifestations of biotechnology and tried to reassure themselves about their safety. Three main themes emerge. First, core concepts of democratic theory, such as citizenship, deliberation, and accountability, cannot be understood satisfactorily without taking on board the politics of science and technology. Second, in all three countries, policies for the life sciences have been incorporated into "nation-building" projects that seek to reimagine what the nation stands for. Third, political culture influences democratic politics, and it works through the institutionalized ways in which citizens understand and evaluate public knowledge. These three aspects of contemporary politics, Jasanoff argues, help account not only for policy divergences but also for the perceived legitimacy of state actions.
First Published in 1997. This book forms part of a series that brings together wide-ranging contributions which: are written from both professional and parental viewpoints; offer an assessment of what has been achieved; explore a number of problematic issues and experiences and illustrate developments that are beginning to take shape. It will appeal to those with a special interest in and commitment to home-school work in all its actual and potential facets. The intention in this book is to report upon the early impact of the Code of Practice (1994) within its legislative context, the 1993 Education Act, Part Three. The book blends a number of ideological perspectives on partnership with descriptions of collaborative ways of working between parents and professionals.
Through a spiralling series of arguments, Sheila Webb dismantles the sclerotic dualisms of fact and value, subject and object, and body and mind that have done so much to hamper appreciation of Immanuel Kant and to harm education. A ground-breaking work in the philosophy of education that allows a reappraisal of Kant - it plays its part in the reengagement with Kant in the wider analytic tradition and provides a secure footing for better research and practice in education Demonstrates how no thinker in the modern world has laid the way for the development of philosophy so influentially as Immanuel Kant, and it is hard to think of the philosophy of education without some sense of Kant in the background Explores how simplified exegeses and synoptic accounts have made a ‘Kantian’ picture that readily succumbs to caricature - and how Interpreting Kant for Education exposes the errors in this picture An original theoretical engagement with Kant, providing new ways to understand his insights and offering a secure theoretical footing for better educational research
This books examines the increased prominence of children’s rights in education to ask whether we are witnessing a paradigm shift within the education system. The author uses a wide range of case studies from Scotland and England to examine the extent to which children and young people with Special Educational Needs/ Additional Support Needs are in practice able to realise their new rights of participation and redress. In addition, the book examines the ways in which the child’s capacity to make independent decisions is understood and acted upon in different contexts, and the factors which ultimately promote or inhibit the rights of young people and children with SEN/ ASN. The author asks whether, in a context of tight budgets and often limited support, this new emphasis on children's rights can be seen as ‘window-dressing’ and a distraction from reductions in support for social welfare.
As a young girl, Sylvia Hatchell longed to play little league baseball and, later, high-school basketball, but both were closed to her because she was a girl. In college, her world shifted when she discovered a passion for coaching that would lead her to become a Naismith Hall of Fame coach of women's basketball at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In this book, Coach Hatchell's life story unfolds against the backdrop of Title IX and women's struggle for equal opportunities in athletics. She celebrates triumphs (such as winning the 1994 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament) and weathers sadness and failure (such as the loss of her parents, surviving cancer, and being forced to resign from her dream job in 2019).
The chapters in this work describe and explore: contemporary assessment and intervention work with young children with Down's Syndrome, and with hearing, vision, physical and language special needs; the ways in which policies are being translated into practice; and inter-agency co-operation.
This unique comparative study looks at efforts to regulate carcinogenic chemicals in several Western democracies, including the United States, and finds marked national differences in how conflicting scientific interpretations and competing political interests are resolved. Whether risk issues are referred to expert committees without public debate or debated openly in a variety of forums, patterns of interaction among experts, policy makers, and the public reflect fundamental features of each country's political culture. "A provocative argument....Poses interesting questions for the sociology of science, especially science produced for public debate."—Contemporary Sociology A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation's Social Science Frontiers Series
This is an invaluable and fully updated text on inclusive practice for all primary trainees and teachers and for those working towards the National Award SEN Co-ordination. It provides an equality- and child-centred approach to inclusion, combining both theory and practice while promoting critical thinking about the complex issues involved. Scenarios are used as the basis for unpicking major topics and provide opportunities for learning in context, while questions and reflections encourage deep thinking about key learning points. This second edition has been fully revised throughout and now includes: • full reference to the new Special Educational Needs and Disability Code of Practice (2014) as well as the Children and Families Act (2014) and Behaviour2Learn • two completely new chapters on understanding learners who are vulnerable and understanding learners with communication difficulties • extended thinking activities and extended reflections to support M-level study • an improved organisation with emphasis on the national priorities.
Autonomy is often said to be the dominant ethical principle in modern bioethics, and it is also important in law. Respect for autonomy is said to underpin the law of consent, which is theoretically designed to protect the right of patients to make decisions based on their own values and for their own reasons. The notion that consent underpins beneficent and lawful medical intervention is deeply rooted in the jurisprudence of countries throughout the world. However, Autonomy, Consent and the Law challenges the relationship between consent rules and autonomy, arguing that the very nature of the legal process inhibits its ability to respect autonomy, specifically in cases where patients argue that their ability to act autonomously has been reduced or denied as a result of the withholding of information which they would have wanted to receive. Sheila McLean further argues that the bioethical debate about the true nature of autonomy – while rich and challenging – has had little if any impact on the law. Using the alleged distinction between the individualistic and the relational models of autonomy as a template, the author proposes that, while it might be assumed that the version ostensibly preferred by law – roughly equivalent to the individualistic model – would be transparently and consistently applied, in fact courts have vacillated between the two to achieve policy-based objectives. This is highlighted by examination of four specific areas of the law which most readily lend themselves to consideration of the application of the autonomy principle: namely refusal of life-sustaining treatment and assisted dying, maternal/foetal issues, genetics and transplantation. This book will be of great interest to scholars of medical law and bioethics.
There is growing recognition in the field of midwifery that there is no single 'best' system of maternity care for all women, and that not only do individual women have specific needs, but certain groups of women have special needs. The book examines the needs of these groups while continuing to treat the women as individuals.
The change in title of this the first book in the Series emphasises that this is the foundation forming the link with all the texts in the Series - including the new book Mental Handicap. The content aims to help nursing students preparing for registration and qualified nurses updating their knowledge as recommended by the statutory bodies - the UKCC and National Boards. The second edition contains considerable new material, including the publications from the UKCC regarding guidelines on the rules and competencies for registration and guidelines on the administration of medicines (1986). References and further reading lists have been brought up-to-date, for example reference is made to the disease AIDS and the RCN guidelines for nurses. The sequence of the text has been changed radically to re-emphasise the uniqueness of the individual - both as a patient, and a nurse.
With contributions by recognised experts in the field of education law, this book is a comparative study of the resolution of special education disputes, including via mediation. It analyses the varying approaches in England, Scotland, the US and the Netherlands and addresses major questions of dispute resolution, redress, judicial and non-judicial approaches and the protection of citizens' rights. The first review of mediation in citizen v. state disputes outside the context of the courts, this topical book also incorporates findings from a recent ESRC study into dispute resolution in special educational needs cases. It will not only be of interest to those concerned with education issues but also those interested in administrative justice, especially the role of mediation generally
Part of the Biomedical Law and Ethics Library series, this book explores discrimination in the issues of life, death and disability. Covering social and legal responses it examines disabled peopleâ??s right to life, end of life and euthanasia.
There is a growing concern about the social exclusion of a range of minority groups, including people with learning difficulties. Lifelong learning is seen as one of the central means of challenging the exclusion of this group, but also of enhancing their economic status. This book demonstrates that policy based on human capital premises has produced forms of lifelong learning which exacerbate the marginalisation of people with learning difficulties. The Learning Society and people with learning difficulties: reviews the range of policy fields which increasingly intervene in the lifelong learning arena; maps the agencies involved in service delivery and describes their (sometimes conflicting) ethos; provides in-depth accounts of the lived experiences of individuals with learning difficulties as they navigate lifelong learning options. Its exploration of the links between community care, education, training, employment, housing and benefits policies in the context of lifelong learning is unique. This book makes a significant contribution to debates about how people with learning difficulties may achieve social inclusion, and the part which lifelong learning may play in this. It is therefore invaluable reading for policy makers, practitioners and academics interested in these issues.
Frances Tustin describes the life and clarifies the work of an outstanding clinician whose understanding of autistic and psychotic children has brilliantly illuminated the relationship between autism and psychosis for others in the field. Sheila Spensley defines Tustin's position in traditional and contemporary psychoanalytic theory and explains how it is related to work in infant psychiatry and developmental psychology. She makes Tustin's original concepts accessible to the non-specialist reader and shows how relevant they are to work in other areas such as learning disability and work with adult patients.
Assisted Dying explores the law relating to euthanasia and assisted suicide, tracing its development from prohibition through to the laissez faire attitude adopted in a number of countries in the 21st Century. This book provides an in-depth critique of the arguments surrounding legislative control of such practices and particularly looks into the regulatory role of the state. In the classical tradition of libertarianism, the state is generally presumed to have a remit to intervene where an individual’s actions threaten another, rather than harm the individuals themselves. This arguably leaves a question mark over the state’s determined intervention, in the UK and elsewhere, into the private and highly personal choices of individuals to die rather than live. The perceived role of the state in safeguarding the moral values of the community and the need for third party involvement in assisted suicide and euthanasia could be thought to raise these practices to a different level. These considerations may be in direct conflict with the so called right to die espoused by some individuals and groups within the community. However this book will argue that the state’s interests are and should be second to the interests that the people themselves have in choosing their own death. Assisted Dying is winner of the The Minty Prize of the Society of Authors, and winner of the Royal Society of Medicine Book Awards, 2008
As wider access to higher education becomes a top priority for governments in the UK and around the world, this ground-breaking piece of work raises the challenging questions that policy-makers, vice-chancellors and government officials are reluctant to ask. A highly qualified team of authors have closely analyzed rates of participation and the experiences of disabled students in higher education over a two year period. They compare the responses of eight different universities to the new anti-discriminatory practice, contrasting their social profiles, academic missions, support systems for disabled students and approaches for the implementation of change. Change comes under particular scrutiny, with a close examination of each university’s interpretation of ‘reasonable adjustments’, and the extent to which they have modified their campuses and teaching accordingly. Student case studies are used throughout to illustrate the real impact of institutional responses to the legislation. Disabled Students in Higher Education will make fascinating reading for students of education, social policy, politics, and disability studies, and for those working towards accredited university teacher status.
Instrumental Music for Dyslexics is written mainly for music teachers. It describes dyslexia in layman's terms and explains how the various problems which a dyslexic may have can affect all aspects of learning to play a musical instrument. It alerts the music teacher with a problem pupil to the possibilities of that pupil's having some form of dyslexia. Although Sheila Oglethorpe is primarily a piano teacher the general principle behind most, if not all, the suggestions is such that they can be adapted for use by other instrumentalists. The book presents ways in which the music teacher can contribute to the self esteem and thereby the general welfare of the dyslexic pupil who is often musically gifted and has much to offer. The book will also be of interest to dyslexia specialists who have hitherto directed their concentration towards the language-based problems of the dyslexic.
Covers both the theory and practice of behaviour management from birth to adolescence. Written as a guide for students, it should also be useful to primary teachers, classroom assistants, workers in social care and playworkers. Section 1 covers child development, influences on children's behaviour and explores reasons why unwanted behaviour can occur. Section 2 offers practical strategies for managing behaviour. Useful case studies and sources of further information are included.
Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder of childhood, occurring both in children whose physical and cognitive states are otherwise normal as well as being a facet of a more generalised and severe brain disease. There are many manifestations of epilepsy and, therefore, a diversity of factors in underlying pathology, responses to treatment and prognosis. Full understanding requires knowledge of the basic science that underlies epilepsy and its causes, and an appreciation of cognitive, psychiatric and social factors. This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all aspects of childhood epilepsy for the specialist neurologist or paediatrician with an interest in this area. The first edition was praised for its valuable clinical approach to examining the nature of epileptic syndromes and for its appropriate and readable coverage of the underlying basic science, features that are retained and expanded upon in this revision. Particular updates include full coverage of new developments in epidemiology, genetics, classification, imaging, drug therapy and other treatments. Several new chapters have been added, covering eyelid myoclonia, Rasmussen's syndrome, cognitive and behavioural manifestations of epilepsy, and vagal nerve stimulation. This book is essential reading for paediatric neurologists, epileptologists and paediatricians, and will continue to provide invaluable support for any physician confronted by a child with epilepsy.
First Published in 2000. The topic area of this book is amongst the priority items on this Government’s agenda and is a key part of social policy and strategies across government departments to enhance the quality of life for children and families.
We live in a world increasingly governed by technology—but to what end? Technology rules us as much as laws do. It shapes the legal, social, and ethical environments in which we act. Every time we cross a street, drive a car, or go to the doctor, we submit to the silent power of technology. Yet, much of the time, the influence of technology on our lives goes unchallenged by citizens and our elected representatives. In The Ethics of Invention, renowned scholar Sheila Jasanoff dissects the ways in which we delegate power to technological systems and asks how we might regain control. Our embrace of novel technological pathways, Jasanoff shows, leads to a complex interplay among technology, ethics, and human rights. Inventions like pesticides or GMOs can reduce hunger but can also cause unexpected harm to people and the environment. Often, as in the case of CFCs creating a hole in the ozone layer, it takes decades before we even realize that any damage has been done. Advances in biotechnology, from GMOs to gene editing, have given us tools to tinker with life itself, leading some to worry that human dignity and even human nature are under threat. But despite many reasons for caution, we continue to march heedlessly into ethically troubled waters. As Jasanoff ranges across these and other themes, she challenges the common assumption that technology is an apolitical and amoral force. Technology, she masterfully demonstrates, can warp the meaning of democracy and citizenship unless we carefully consider how to direct its power rather than let ourselves be shaped by it. The Ethics of Invention makes a bold argument for a future in which societies work together—in open, democratic dialogue—to debate not only the perils but even more the promises of technology.
You Don't Have to Do It Alone Whether you're prepared for it or not, chances are you'll take on the role of caregiver when a family member or friend is affected by a serious illness or injury, or when you find your elderly parent needs help. As you'll soon discover, the range of tasks and responsibilities involved are overwhelming. Share The Care offers a sensible and loving solution: a unique group approach that can turn a circle of ordinary people into a powerful caregiving team. Share The Care shows you how to: Create a caregiver "family" from friends, real family members, neighbors, coworkers, and acquaintances. Hold a meeting to organize your group, and introduce members to the Share The Care systems that guarantee every job will be done and no one person will have to do too much. Discover the hidden talents within the group, make the most of their resources, cope with group issues, and stay together in the face of adversity. Included here are valuable guidelines, compassionate suggestions, and a simple-to-use workbook section that together offer support to free the patient from worry and the caregivers from burnout. Share The Care offers friends and family the best answer ever to the frequently asked question "What can I do?
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