The classification of brain tumors has evolved from a morphological and histological basis to one that is now in keeping with the advances of modern technology consisting of novel molecular subgroups rooted in clinical outcome and risk stratification. In this chapter, we discuss recent and emerging genomic findings that may be of clinical utility in the foreseeable future for adult and pediatric glioblastoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Moreover, limitations in the current molecular classification of these tumors are discussed with the brain tumor-initiating cell and cancer stem cell model as frameworks for future research efforts in identifying novel genomic alterations for better discerning the intratumoral heterogeneous landscape of these solid tumors as an avenue for developing tumor subgroup-specific targeted therapy.
The practical guide to treating tics and Tourette syndrome using natural and alternative therapies, with a focus on environmental medicine and nutritional and dietary therapy Author Sheila Rogers DeMare discusses a range of categories of tics including spasmodic facial movements, eye blinking, mild sounds and vocalizations. She persuasively counters the medical establishment’s standard claim that such disorders are “mysterious” and based only in genetics. The dramatic spike in cases, she argues, belies this explanation. Natural Treatments for Tics and Tourette’s takes a closer look at the environmental factors and underlying physical imbalances that trigger these conditions’ symptoms, exploring the status of behavioral and counseling therapies, EEG biofeedback, homeopathy, bodywork, energy medicine, and Chinese medicine as approaches. In this second edition to Tics and Tourette's: Breakthrough Discoveries in Natural Treatments, DeMare offers a detailed natural treatment plan. No more will patients have to rely on traditional, drug-based treatments that often carry multiple side effects. In eight sections, the book offers advice from medical experts, the latest reports in medical research, a checklist of common tic triggers, inspirational stories from families who have successfully conquered tics and Tourette’s, and practical worksheets for readers to use in their treatment and research. Each of the 23 chapters includes a place for notes and “Takeaway Tips” summarizing key points.
SECTION 1: Sepsis Diagnosis and Management 1. Precision Medicine in Septic Shock 2. Optimal Blood Pressure Target in Patients with Septic Shock 3. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines in 2022: What is New and what has Changed? 4. Individualizing Hemodynamics in Septic Shock 5. Adjunctive Therapies in Sepsis: Current Status 6. Refractory Septic Shock: What are the Options 7. Steroids in Sepsis and Clinical Outcomes 8. Candida auris: Detection, Prevention, and Management 9. Empirical Antifungal Treatment: Is It Justified? 10. Role of Steroids in Severe Community acquired Pneumonia 11. Procalcitonin: Can It Differentiate Bacterial versus Fungal Infection SECTION 2: Antimicrobial Therapy in ICU 12. Optimizing Antimicrobial Dosing in the Intensive Care Unit 13. Antibiotic within 1 hour: Should this be Applied to all Patients with Sepsis? 14. Dark Side of Antibiotics 15. Optimal Duration of Antibiotic Therapy 16. Cefiderocol: Is this the Answer to Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Infection? SECTION 3: Respiratory Critical Care 17. Management of Pneumonia in Intensive Care 18. Reverse Triggering during Controlled Ventilation: A Frequent Dysynchrony with Various Consequences 19. Use of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction in Pneumonia 20. Management of Complicated Pleural Effusion 21. Hepatic Hydrothorax 22. Submassive Pulmonary Embolism 23. Role of Magnesium in Respiratory Failure 24. ARDS in Children: How is it Different? 25. Safe Tracheal Intubation in Intensive Care Unit 26. Lateral Positioning: Does it Work? 27. Dyspnea in Patients on Invasive Ventilation: Clinical Impact 28. Complications of Noninvasive Ventilation Failure SECTION 4: Mechanical Ventilation 29. Setting Optimum PEEP 30. Open Lung or Keep Lung Closed: Which Strategy to Choose? 31. Driving Pressure or Mechanical Power: Which One to Monitor? 32. Measuring Respiratory Drive and Muscle Effort 33. Oxygenation Targets in Mechanically Ventilated Critically-ill Patients 34. Ventilatory Ratio: A New Monitoring Tool 35. Helmet NIV: Is it a Game Changer? 36. Electrical Impedance Tomography: Current Application 37. Automatic Tube Compensation: Does it have a Role? 38. High-frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 39. Noninvasive Ventilation in Pediatrics: Current Status SECTION 5: Cardiovascular Critical Care 40. Crystalloid Resuscitation: Finding the Balance 41. Artificial Intelligence Tools to Optimize Hemodynamics in the ICU 42. Aggressive or Restrictive Fluid Resuscitation 43. Predicting Hypotension: Is It Useful? 44. Vasopressors: How Early? 45. Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery 46. Use of Vasopressin during Cardiac Arrest SECTION 6: Echocardiography and Ultrasound 47. Advances in Intensive Care Unit Echocardiography 48. Transesophageal Echocardiography: Is It Preferable in the Intensive Care Unit? 49. ECHO Features of Pulmonary Hypertension and Increased Left Atrial Pressures 50. Role of Echocardiography in Shock State 51. Use of Echocardiography in Assessing Fluid Responsiveness 52. Venous Excess Ultrasound Score (VExUS) SECTION 7: Nephrology, Fluids, Acid-Base Balance and Electrolytes Balance 53. Fluid Management in Acute Kidney Injury 54. Sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injury: Common but Poorly Understood 55. Delayed versus Very Delayed Renal Replacement Therapy 56. Plasma Exchange in Intensive Care Unit: Current Status 57. Acute Kidney Injury Care Bundle 58. Biomarker-driven Therapy in AKI 59. How to Approach Dyselectrolytemias in a Patient on CRRT? SECTION 8: Neurocritical Care 60. Prognostication in
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