Exploring one of the most dynamic and contested regions of the world, this series includes works on political, economic, cultural, and social changes in modern and contemporary Asia and the Pacific.
This study argues that the decentralization that has taken place in China since 1980 threatens to undermine the future of reform and perhaps even the state itself. The authors contend that reform has undermined state capacity in China, and that the state's fiscal revenues will continue to decline.
This book is the culmination of a lifetime of research into Chinese development, situated in a global historical context. The author explores the irreplaceable role of state capacity, state-owned-enterprises and five-year plan in China’s transformation from an agricultural state to an industrial state and then to the world's economic powerhouse, as well as the remarkable achievements of social policy to reduce the rural-urban gap and regional gap. This book will be of interest to China scholars, development economists, political activists, and general readers who would like to know more about China's growth miracle.
In many branches of mathematical analysis and mathematical physics, the Hardy operator and Hardy inequality are fundamentally important and have been intensively studied ever since the pioneer researches. This volume presents new properties of higher-dimensional Hardy operators obtained by the authors and their collaborators over the last decade. Its prime focus is on higher-dimensional Hardy operators that are based on the spherical average form.The key motivation for this monograph is based on the fact that the Hardy operator is generally smaller than the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator, which leads to, on the one hand, the operator norm of the Hardy operator itself being smaller than the latter. On the other hand, the former characterizing the weight function class or function spaces is greater than the latter.
In this thesis, the author introduces two strategies used to construct various types of N-heterocycles, based on the chemistry of zirconacycles and 2,6-diazasemibullvalenes. In the first part, the author presents the development of multi-component cyclization of a zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused compound, nitriles and unsaturated compounds. These reactions provide synthetically useful methodology for various N-heterocycles such as 3-acyl pyrrole, pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyridazine and dihydropyrroloazepine, which are all difficult to synthesize by other means. The isolation and characterization of the key three-fused-ring Zr/Si-containing intermediates are also described in detail. These results show that the zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused compound behaves as a “chemical transformer” upon treatment with various substrates via the “coordination-induced skeleton rearrangement” mechanism. In the second part, the author demonstrates the synthesis and isolation of a series of 2,6-diazasemibullvalenes (NSBVs) from the reaction of 1,4-dilithio-1,3-dienes and nitriles, highlighting the significant progress made for the first time in this work: (1) determination of X-ray crystal structure of a substituted 2,6-diazasemibullvalene; (2) measurement of the activation barrier of its rapid intramolecular aza-Cope rearrangement in solution; (3) exploration of several reaction types of NSBV with diverse ring-expansion products and “bowl-shape” or “cage-shape” N-containing polycyclic skeletons; (4) demonstration of the localized structure as the predominant form and the homoaromatic delocalized structure as a minor component in the equilibrium using theoretical analysis. Based on well-founded results, this work sheds new light on this controversial topic.
Exploring one of the most dynamic and contested regions of the world, this series includes works on political, economic, cultural, and social changes in modern and contemporary Asia and the Pacific.
DNA microarray technology has become a useful technique in gene expression analysis for the development of new diagnostic tools and for the identification of disease genes and therapeutic targets for human cancers. Appropriate control for DNA microarray experiment and reliable analysis of the array data are key to performing the assay and utilizing the data correctly. The most difficult challenge has been the lack of a powerful method to analyze the data for all genes (more than 30,000 genes) simultaneously and to use the microarray data in a decision-making process. In this book, the authors describe DNA microarray technology and data analysis by pointing out current advantages and disadvantages of the technique and available analytical methods. Crucially, new ideas and analytical methods based on the authors' own experience in DNA microarray study and analysis are introduced. It is believed that this new way of interpreting and analyzing microarray data will bring us closer to success in decision-making using the information obtained through the DNA microarray technology.
This study argues that the decentralization that has taken place in China since 1980 threatens to undermine the future of reform and perhaps even the state itself. The authors contend that reform has undermined state capacity in China, and that the state's fiscal revenues will continue to decline.
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