Few topics in South Asian history are as contentious as that of the Turkic conquest of the Indian subcontinent that began in the twelfth century and led to a long period of Muslim rule. How is a historian supposed to write honestly about the bloody history of the conquest without falling into communitarian traps? Conquest and Community is Shahid Amin's answer. Covering more than eight hundred years of history, the book centers on the enduringly popular saint Ghazi Miyan, a youthful soldier of Islam whose shrines are found all over India. Amin details the warrior saint’s legendary exploits, then tracks the many ways he has been commemorated in the centuries since. The intriguing stories, ballads, and proverbs that grew up around Ghazi Miyan were, Amin shows, a way of domesticating the conquest—recognizing past conflicts and differences but nevertheless bringing diverse groups together into a community of devotees. What seems at first glance to be the story of one mythical figure becomes an allegory for the history of Hindu-Muslim relations over an astonishingly long period of time, and a timely contribution to current political and historical debates.
Although it achieved independence in 1947, Pakistan still has not succeeded in integrating its diverse peoples into a nation?as its short yet turbulent history vividly demonstrates. The nation's search for stability is traced in this revised and updated introduction to Pakistan's political, economic, and social development. New chapters detail political developments since 1991, including the elections of 1993 and 1996. Economic changes, including the financial crisis that led to the fall of Benazir Bhutto's government in 1996, are given particular attention. Also included is an extensive analysis of the nuclear arms race between India and Pakistan, an issue of global concern.
This Policy Analysis previews the case for more decisive US economic engagement of Pakistan and suggests that a US-Pakistan FTA could reinforce existing reforms and push the envelope in economic areas where Pakistan (and South Asia more generally) have lagged. In keeping with the Institute's extensive research agenda on prospective US FTAs, we present a detailed analysis of the costs and benefits of a US-Pakistan FTA for the signatory countries, for regional integration, and for the world trading system."--Preface.
Pakistan is unlike most other countries in the emerging world. It is one of the two nations – the other being the state of Israel – founded on the basis of religion. Although it was created to provide a homeland for the Muslim community of British India, in its original form it was able to accommodate only about half of the people of Islamic faith who lived in the subcontinent. Pakistan’s birth in 1947 resulted in one of the largest movements of people in human history when some 14 million people left their homes, with 8 million Muslims leaving India for what is now Pakistan and 6 million Hindus and Sikhs moving in the opposite direction. This was the first large-scale incidence of ethnic cleansing the world was to witness. This fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of Pakistan covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Pakistan.
This book is designed to provide pharmacologists and researchers of natural products a comprehensive review of 200 medicinal plants, their vernacular names in various languages and their medicinal uses around the world, and in some cases, a historical perspective. Chemical constituents of each plant with the putative active constituent, and available up to date pharmacological studies (until 2017 on PubMed) with each medical activity explored and its relationship with traditional uses, are described for each plant. Any variations in chemical constituents and their effects on pharmacological studies outcome have been highlighted. All clinical trials conducted, with sufficient details, have been included. Nationalities and racial identities of participants of clinical trials are identified to impress upon the social, cultural and dietary influences on the clinical outcomes. Toxicity studies and potential interactions with prescribed drugs, and full spectrum of references are included.
The entire Gulf is passing through a transitional phase. The member-states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are witnessing change in varying degrees. The change has become too evident from the 1960s. It was oil, more than any other factor, which was responsible for a rapid transition. Control over oil production and marketing have led to the strengthening of governmental role as owner and distributor of oil income. The regions tribal society is being transformed into a modern society. Political modernization is a recent phenomenon if the nature and extent of structural and informal transformations are taken into account. Three broadly defined phases of political change can be discerned in the Arabian Peninsula: the traditional, the neo-traditional, and the modernizing or post-traditional. The modernizing phase was initiated by radical policies of socio-economic development, including the necessary restructuring of replacement of regimes and a redefinition or expansion of the scope and role of the state. However, the pace and direction of change is not clear enough. The coming few decades are crucial in this regard.
Written for students of criminal justice, Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: Global and Local Perspectives examines the nature of crime and justice in varying countries and cultures in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Using a topical approach, it compares different systems of crime and justice in terms of their differences from, and similarities to, the laws and institutions of modern criminal justice, focusing on the United States as a standard of comparison. By examining different criminal justice systems in terms of their local peculiarities and understanding their change and continuity, readers will gain a well-rounded international perspective of the world's varying systems of criminal justice. Key Features: -Explores the rise of modern criminology and the criminal justice system in the nineteenth century. It is critical for students to understand the history of modern systems to fully comprehend the varying nature of today's main legal systems, focusing on the United States as a standard of comparison. -Employs a topical approach to examine the criminal justice systems in varying countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America, including comparative views on law enforcement, judicial systems, corrections, due process of law, and search and seizures. -Includes discussions on comparative processes of criminalization and decriminalization on such issues as domestic violence, child abuse, homosexuality, and sexual harassment. -Discusses new global crimes and their impact on modern and traditional criminal justice systems, including human smuggling, global sex trade, global illegal drug trade, illegal trafficking of conventional military weapons, money laundering, cybercrime, and global terrorism. -Discussion questions ensure that student's grasp the core theoretical concepts.
Traditional strategies of technical assistance, technology transfer, appropriate technology, and self-reliance for science and technology development in the Third World, cannot be successfully implemented until Third World countries improve their fundamental organization of science and technology. In order to make those improvements - a process kno
Nominated for the 2022 Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in Affiliate Theatre One man's spiritual journey is about to begin... after he's sent this tweet When Yasser decides to take part in itikaf, sleeping and fasting in the mosque for the last ten nights of Ramadan, he soon regrets his decision. But as he navigates smug worshippers, shared bathrooms, and recurring thoughts of chunky chips, Yasser's isolation forces him to confront a side of himself he's been trying to keep hidden. A moving and funny new play by Shahid Iqbal Khan, 10 Nights is the story of one man's journey of self-discovery and facing the consequences of your actions.
Although Hadith science can often seem inscrutable, understanding Hadith science is crucial to understanding the foundations of Islamic theology, shariah, and Islamic thought. This book outlines the history, development, and current practice of Hadith science with special attention to Shi‘a scholarship. Introduction to Hadith covers hadith terminology, sources of hadith, chains of narration, categories of hadith, the criteria for hadith narrators, and transmission of hadith. Additionally, it includes a translation of a seminal work on Hadith studies, Dirayat al-Hadith, by the renowned sixteenth-century Shi‘a scholar al-Shahid al-Thani – the work that paved the way for the modern Shi‘a study of Hadith. For the past decade Introduction to Hadith has been designated as a textbook in Islamic studies courses worldwide. This is an essential read for anyone seeking to learn more about hadith analysis, Islamic law, Islamic history, or the Islamic scholarly heritage. Seond edition
Veiled Voices: Muhajabat in Secular Schools is based on ethnographic research that examines, questions, and dispels assumptions regarding American Muslim females that wear the Islamic headscarf (hijab) and attend secular schools. Prior to sharing the voice of the six females focused upon in this study, Dr. Jawairriya Abdallah-Shahid provides a thorough explanation of what Islam, Sunnah, and Shariah teach regarding hijab. What is unique about this work is the thorough explanation provided to readers regarding Islam’s teachings pertaining to hijab. This allows readers to gain insight and understanding not usually provided when this subject is discussed. The purpose of sharing Islam’s hijab perspective is to introduce the reader to the many variables and possibilities that encompasses why some Muslim females veil. An analysis of the social and psychological effects of difference forces readers to confront their own biases and misunderstandings regarding Muslim females that wear hijab and provides an opportunity for the reexamination of these views after reading and understanding the in depth information provided. The challenges, discrimination, joys, and tribulations faced by the muhajabat are shared by them and displays an array of experiences that are not homogeneous. The commonality of their experiences is rooted in their ability to continue in their efforts to complete their education. The final chapter makes an important suggestion regarding society’s outlook regarding Muslim females that wear hijab and offers relevant research findings pertaining to muhajabat.
Rapid changes have taken place in the structure of the global economy, and this book looks at how South Asia can take advantage of these changes. The author argues that the developing global economy will be more complex than originally thought, that instead of a bipolar model with two countries, the US and China, at the centre, it will be multipolar with eight centres of economic activity, including India. The book goes on to suggest that in the context of such a model, there should be regional cooperation between India and its immediate neighbouring countries for South Asia to advance as an economic region. It argues that South Asia will need to look at its history, and that changes in attitudes, particularly in India and Pakistan, are necessary. The possible benefits to the region, in terms of increases in the rates of economic growth if the regional approach is adopted, are discussed. The book presents a useful contribution to studies in South Asia, as well as Asian Economics.
This monograph proposes a new (dialogical) way of studying the different forms of correlational inference, known in the Islamic jurisprudence as qiyās. According to the authors’ view, qiyās represents an innovative and sophisticated form of dialectical reasoning that not only provides new epistemological insights into legal argumentation in general (including legal reasoning in Common and Civil Law) but also furnishes a fine-grained pattern for parallel reasoning which can be deployed in a wide range of problem-solving contexts and does not seem to reduce to the standard forms of analogical reasoning studied in contemporary philosophy of science and argumentation theory. After an overview of the emergence of qiyās and of the work of al-Shīrāzī penned by Soufi Youcef, the authors discuss al-Shīrāzī’s classification of correlational inferences of the occasioning factor (qiyās al-'illa). The second part of the volume deliberates on the system of correlational inferences by indication and resemblance (qiyās al-dalāla, qiyās al-shabah). The third part develops the main theoretical background of the authors’ work, namely, the dialogical approach to Martin-Löf's Constructive Type Theory. The authors present this in a general form and independently of adaptations deployed in parts I and II. Part III also includes an appendix on the relevant notions of Constructive Type Theory, which has been extracted from an overview written by Ansten Klev. The book concludes with some brief remarks on contemporary approaches to analogy in Common and Civil Law and also to parallel reasoning in general.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death. Every year, many anticancer drug candidates are discovered and synthesized, but the major challenge lies in identifying, characterizing and evaluating their efficacy. The aim of this Research Topic, "New Mechanisms for Anti-Cancer Drugs" is to collect a group of publications focused on novel chemical compounds exhibiting new modes of actions and/or new target proteins to fulfill their cytotoxic activity on cancer cells. In this context, we will also be pleased to consider studies on drug repurposing, including approved, discontinued, and shelved drugs, when anti-cancer activity results from an unexpected mode of action.
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