Lahore is one of the cities most effected by uncontrolled noise pollution in Pakistan. The most important factor of noise pollution is the road traffic. The main objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate road traffic noise and to measure its effects on the population of Lahore city. A weighting sound level meter was used in the study. All the measurements were taken at a height of about 1.2 m from the ground at 56 sample sites. The spatial noise pattern was shown in maps. These were also drawn to show buffers dividing areas into moderate, high and extremely high risk zones in accordance with noise risk levels. The maps were additionally divided in day and night time maps, each with graduated symbols. The main day-night values were exceeding the permissible environmental standards used in Pakistan. Therefore, a survey was conducted to study the diseases caused by noise pollution in the areas with highest noise levels.
Lahore is one of the cities most effected by uncontrolled noise pollution in Pakistan. The most important factor of noise pollution is the road traffic. The main objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate road traffic noise and to measure its effects on the population of Lahore city. A weighting sound level meter was used in the study. All the measurements were taken at a height of about 1.2 m from the ground at 56 sample sites. The spatial noise pattern was shown in maps. These were also drawn to show buffers dividing areas into moderate, high and extremely high risk zones in accordance with noise risk levels. The maps were additionally divided in day and night time maps, each with graduated symbols. The main day-night values were exceeding the permissible environmental standards used in Pakistan. Therefore, a survey was conducted to study the diseases caused by noise pollution in the areas with highest noise levels.
Agha Shahid Ali (1949) Is Among The Handful Of Post-Independence Indian Poets To Have Gained International Recognition As A Writer Of Great Originality And Technical Accomplishment. This Volume Comprises His Final Two Verse Collections.
A prominent Muslim woman activist describes how she transformed the "women's section" of a local newspaper to reveal the true lives of Pakistani women and became a passionate advocate for women's rights, ultimately winning a seat on the Provincial Assembly.
This book explores the relationship between the developing India–US strategic Partnership and Pakistan’s security. It assesses India and the US's areas of cooperation to show that the partnership will bring drastic changes for India’s military capabilities and modernization of its forces. The book shows that, in addition to enhancing India’s domestic nuclear stockpiles through the nuclear cooperation agreement, collaboration in high-tech areas such as space and innovative technologies will enable India to acquire sophisticated delivery systems as well as surveillance capacity. The author argues that these advancements will enable India to destabilize the strategic balance in the region. The book also briefly explores the nuclear doctrines of India and Pakistan that provide an insight into the role of nuclear weapons in maintaining deterrence in the region. To understand the power dynamics caused by the strategic partnership and their impact on strategic stability in South Asia, the author utilizes the Balance of Power and Power Transition theories. A timely analysis of the India–US Strategic Partnership with a Pakistan angle, the book will be of interest to academics working in the fields of Asian security, Asian politics, especially South Asia, strategic studies, international relations, political science, nuclear non-proliferation, conflict studies, arms control, and security studies.
This book is designed to provide pharmacologists and researchers of natural products a comprehensive review of 200 medicinal plants, their vernacular names in various languages and their medicinal uses around the world, and in some cases, a historical perspective. Chemical constituents of each plant with the putative active constituent, and available up to date pharmacological studies (until 2017 on PubMed) with each medical activity explored and its relationship with traditional uses, are described for each plant. Any variations in chemical constituents and their effects on pharmacological studies outcome have been highlighted. All clinical trials conducted, with sufficient details, have been included. Nationalities and racial identities of participants of clinical trials are identified to impress upon the social, cultural and dietary influences on the clinical outcomes. Toxicity studies and potential interactions with prescribed drugs, and full spectrum of references are included.
It has taken over five centuries for banking to evolve to its present state, and the concept of “interest” is undoubtedly the life-blood of the whole financial system. Interest was religiously prohibitive for centuries in several faiths, such as Buddhism and Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity and, Islam, and was also strongly opposed by neo-classical economists in the 1930s. Interest (riba) is still outlawed in Islam, with the term “riba-eater” being one of the cruellest insults. Islamic scholars have explained that the current practice of contracts without interest is a result of following the jurisprudence laid in the Quran and Sunnah of Prophet Mohammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). As such, this mode of banking and finance without riba is recognised as “Islamic banking”. This name has often been criticised by scholars as there is no philosophy of banking in Islamic teachings. Consequently, some of the banks that follow these regulations have adopted other names, such as savings banks and finance houses. This book explains the philosophies behind the current trend in riba-free banking which is implemented as Islamic banking around the world. The book is divided into five sections, the first of which is related to the introduction of riba-free banking. The second is related to the fundamentals, concepts and beliefs of riba-free banking organisations, while the third differentiates between two streams of financial models. The fourth section explains risk management in riba-free banking, while the final section discusses international institutions related to the riba-free financial system. The book also contains a glossary of terms related to riba-free banking, and a terms index for reader’s ease in academic study.
Pakistan is unlike most other countries in the emerging world. It is one of the two nations – the other being the state of Israel – founded on the basis of religion. Although it was created to provide a homeland for the Muslim community of British India, in its original form it was able to accommodate only about half of the people of Islamic faith who lived in the subcontinent. Pakistan’s birth in 1947 resulted in one of the largest movements of people in human history when some 14 million people left their homes, with 8 million Muslims leaving India for what is now Pakistan and 6 million Hindus and Sikhs moving in the opposite direction. This was the first large-scale incidence of ethnic cleansing the world was to witness. This fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of Pakistan covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Pakistan.
This book focusses on the identification of communication risks, their causes and effects and the practices to mitigate the risks from both state of the art and state of the practice perspectives. It's like puzzle solving game. According to Casey "Communication is one the biggest issue that cause due to geographical, temporal and socio-cultural distances". At the end of the book authors provide set of recommendations based on the best practices that need to be followed by the globally distributed organizations to achieve communicated environment just like co-located settings.
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