Taking Gandhi's statements about civil disobedience to heart, in February 1922 residents from the villages around the north Indian market town of Chauri Chaura attacked the local police station, burned it to the ground and murdered twenty-three constables. Appalled that his teachings were turned to violent ends, Gandhi called off his Noncooperation Movement and fasted to bring the people back to nonviolence. In the meantime, the British government denied that the riot reflected Indian resistance to its rule and tried the rioters as common criminals. These events have taken on great symbolic importance among Indians, both in the immediate region and nationally. Amin examines the event itself, but also, more significantly, he explores the ways it has been remembered, interpreted, and used as a metaphor for the Indian struggle for independence. The author, who was born fifteen miles from Chauri Chaura, brings to his study an empathetic knowledge of the region and a keen ear for the nuances of the culture and language of its people. In an ingenious negotiation between written and oral evidence, he combines brilliant archival work in the judicial records of the period with field interviews with local informants. In telling this intricate story of local memory and the making of official histories, Amin probes the silences and ambivalences that contribute to a nation's narrative. He extends his boundaries well beyond Chauri Chaura itself to explore the complex relationship between peasant politics and nationalist discourse and the interplay between memory and history.
In this book, the concept of a hypothesis about the values of all attributes is added to the standard decision tree model, considered, in particular, in test theory and rough set theory. This extension allows us to use the analog of equivalence queries from exact learning and explore decision trees that are based on various combinations of attributes, hypotheses, and proper hypotheses (analog of proper equivalence queries). The two main goals of this book are (i) to provide tools for the experimental and theoretical study of decision trees with hypotheses and (ii) to compare these decision trees with conventional decision trees that use only queries, each based on a single attribute. Both experimental and theoretical results show that decision trees with hypotheses can have less complexity than conventional decision trees. These results open up some prospects for using decision trees with hypotheses as a means of knowledge representation and algorithms for computing Boolean functions. The obtained theoretical results and tools for studying decision trees with hypotheses are useful for researchers using decision trees and rules in data analysis. This book can also be used as the basis for graduate courses.
Since the onset of the Arab Spring, economic uncertainty in Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, and Yemen (Arab Countries in Transition, ACTs) has slowed already sluggish growth; worsened unemployment, particularly of youth; undermined business confidence, affected tourist arrivals, and depressed domestic and foreign direct investment. Furthermore, political and social tensions have constrained reform efforts. Assessing policy options as presented in the voluminous literature on the Arab Spring and based on cross-country experience, this paper concludes that sustainable and inclusive growth calls for a two pronged approach: short term measures that revive growth momentum and partially allay popular concerns; complemented with efforts to adjust the public’s expectations and prepare the ground for structural reforms that will deliver the desired longer tem performance.
Pakistan is unlike most other countries in the emerging world. It is one of the two nations – the other being the state of Israel – founded on the basis of religion. Although it was created to provide a homeland for the Muslim community of British India, in its original form it was able to accommodate only about half of the people of Islamic faith who lived in the subcontinent. Pakistan’s birth in 1947 resulted in one of the largest movements of people in human history when some 14 million people left their homes, with 8 million Muslims leaving India for what is now Pakistan and 6 million Hindus and Sikhs moving in the opposite direction. This was the first large-scale incidence of ethnic cleansing the world was to witness. This fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of Pakistan covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Pakistan.
The entire Gulf is passing through a transitional phase. The member-states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are witnessing change in varying degrees. The change has become too evident from the 1960s. It was oil, more than any other factor, which was responsible for a rapid transition. Control over oil production and marketing have led to the strengthening of governmental role as owner and distributor of oil income. The regions tribal society is being transformed into a modern society. Political modernization is a recent phenomenon if the nature and extent of structural and informal transformations are taken into account. Three broadly defined phases of political change can be discerned in the Arabian Peninsula: the traditional, the neo-traditional, and the modernizing or post-traditional. The modernizing phase was initiated by radical policies of socio-economic development, including the necessary restructuring of replacement of regimes and a redefinition or expansion of the scope and role of the state. However, the pace and direction of change is not clear enough. The coming few decades are crucial in this regard.
Afghanistan: The Next Phase takes an in-depth look at the present situation in Afghanistan by placing it in the context of the country's tribal culture, history and demography. It considers its association with Pakistan, with whom it shares not only a long border, but also the Pashtuns, the largest ethnic component in its population and the rise of extremism in many parts of the Sunni world. The country faces an uncertain future as it has yet to develop the institutional structure that could transform it into an inclusive society. This book offers analysis of what the economic future holds for Afghanistan when the United States completes the withdrawal of combat troops at the end of 2014, when the flow of foreign capital that has helped the country is likely to be reduced significantly. The authors propose a formal association of ten to twelve countries to chaperone the country into the future. In the absence of such an arrangement, Afghanistan could once again become a failed state, which would have repercussions around the world.
Electromagnetics for Electrical Machines offers a comprehensive yet accessible treatment of the linear theory of electromagnetics and its application to the design of electrical machines. Leveraging valuable classroom insight gained by the authors during their impressive and ongoing teaching careers, this text emphasizes concepts rather than numerical methods, providing presentation/project problems at the end of each chapter to enhance subject knowledge. Highlighting the essence of electromagnetic field (EMF) theory and its correlation with electrical machines, this book: Reviews Maxwell’s equations and scalar and vector potentials Describes the special cases leading to the Laplace, Poisson’s, eddy current, and wave equations Explores the utility of the uniqueness, generalized Poynting, Helmholtz, and approximation theorems Discusses the Schwarz–Christoffel transformation, as well as the determination of airgap permeance Addresses the skin effects in circular conductors and eddy currents in solid and laminated iron cores Contains examples relating to the slot leakage inductance of rotating electrical machines, transformer leakage inductance, and theory of hysteresis machines Presents analyses of EMFs in laminated-rotor induction machines, three-dimensional field analyses for three-phase solid rotor induction machines, and more Electromagnetics for Electrical Machines makes an ideal text for postgraduate-level students of electrical engineering, as well as of physics and electronics and communication engineering. It is also a useful reference for research scholars concerned with problems involving electromagnetics.
Although it achieved independence in 1947, Pakistan still has not succeeded in integrating its diverse peoples into a nation?as its short yet turbulent history vividly demonstrates. The nation's search for stability is traced in this revised and updated introduction to Pakistan's political, economic, and social development. New chapters detail political developments since 1991, including the elections of 1993 and 1996. Economic changes, including the financial crisis that led to the fall of Benazir Bhutto's government in 1996, are given particular attention. Also included is an extensive analysis of the nuclear arms race between India and Pakistan, an issue of global concern.
Dr. Shahira Abdel Shahid focused on Copts, or Christian Egyptians, to draw attention to their achievements and contributions to the Egyptian society, and to the world at large. She conducted in-depth interviews with ten iconic Coptic leaders, including an investment banker, a fashion designer, a Coptologist, an emeritus professor of medicine, a renowned priest, and others. Women are equally represented to emphasize the important role played by women in society. The interviews covered various topics such as the interviewees mission, their values, their role models, the impact their Coptic faith had on their success, their definition of leadership, the challenges they have met, the lessons they have learned, their daily schedules, their future projects, and the impact they want to leave on the world. The book will motivate any person facing difficulties or challenges, living in Egypt or in another country, to be positive, proactive, have faith, take action to change his or her circumstances, and fulfill his or her mission. If youre facing any type of challenge, youll be inspired by the message of hope in Roadmap to Success. RECENT RECOGNITION: The Middle East Outreach Council (MEOC) is a US national non-profit organization established in 1981. It is working to increase public knowledge about peoples, places, and cultures of the Middle East. MEOC established the Annual Middle East Book Award in 1999 to recognize books for children and young adults that contribute meaningfully for the understanding of the Middle East. Books that are nominated for the awards are judged on the authenticity of their portrayal of a Middle Eastern subject, as well as, their characterization, plot and appeal for the intended audience. A committee of MEOC members including teachers, librarians, outreach coordinators, and other educators select award winners and (if deemed appropriate honorable mention titles) in three categories: - Picture Book - Youth Fiction - Youth Non-Fiction Results of 2017 Middle East Book Award Winners: -Youth Non Fiction Category 2017 Honorable Mentions Roadmap to Success: Inspiring Journeys of Ten Iconic Coptic Leaders by Shahira Abdel Shahid, (Archway Publishing, 2016) The announcement was made during MEOC Business Meeting that took place at Marriott Wardman Park Hotel, Washington D.C. on 19 November 2017.
This book is designed to provide pharmacologists and researchers of natural products a comprehensive review of 200 medicinal plants, their vernacular names in various languages and their medicinal uses around the world, and in some cases, a historical perspective. Chemical constituents of each plant with the putative active constituent, and available up to date pharmacological studies (until 2017 on PubMed) with each medical activity explored and its relationship with traditional uses, are described for each plant. Any variations in chemical constituents and their effects on pharmacological studies outcome have been highlighted. All clinical trials conducted, with sufficient details, have been included. Nationalities and racial identities of participants of clinical trials are identified to impress upon the social, cultural and dietary influences on the clinical outcomes. Toxicity studies and potential interactions with prescribed drugs, and full spectrum of references are included.
This book begins with an introduction of nanobiotechnology, followed by biosyntheses of AgNPs, development of silver/chitosan (Ag/CS) polymer nanocomposites, synthesis of silver/chitosan-g-poly acrylamide (Ag/CS-g-PAAm) nanocomposite hydrogel and silver/chitosan/poly vinyl chloride (Ag/CS/PVC) blend. Finally, it presents novel bioengineering of polyfunctional metallic nanostructures other than Ag, emphasizing biomass utilization and value-added conversion over an extended span, including life cycle assessment of the synthesized nanostructures. Features: Includes prospective cost effective, eco-friendly, and safe nanomaterials, synthesized through facile paths Covers the synergistic effect of phytochemicals and nano-Ag antimicrobial agents from an antiviral perspective Includes surface coating systems and super absorbent materials for biomedical purposes Examines nanobiotechnological applications for generating nanoalloys with synchronized nanostructural arrangement of alkaline earth metals and nanoscale dots of transition metals Explores the life cycle assessment of synthesized nanomaterials This book aims at researchers and graduate students in biomaterials, chemical engineering, green chemistry, nanomaterials, and biotechnology.
Includes colour illustrations This practical reference draws together the combined expertise of a wide range of health professionals in managing this condition. Their work is soundly based on recent research into its pathology manifestations and treatment to develop appropriate management strategies. Part of the value in this book lies in its reference to patient perspectives and how they can contribute to the most effective care.
Historically, the need for religion for guidance to promote moral ethical values under the concept of a sole Creator has been established by all the followers of the Holy Books. The Qur'an, which is a continuation as a reformed authentic book, has been either ignored to be comprehended with its meanings or misinterpreted for personal motives by its preachers. Therefore, due to the ignorance of the Qur'anic Abrahamic monotheist concept, various sects, extreme groups, and confrontations have been triggered among the Muslims and rival religious groups. As the present century is based on science and technology, intellectuals and truth seekers judge religious values from logical and scientific perspectives. It is a dire necessity in the present era to present Divine knowledge with fundamental concepts and clear misconceptions about Islam with reasoning to attract adolescents and the ignorant toward peace through the Qur'anic treasure of knowledge. Therefore, my presentation of the book, based on these criteria, is about the psychology of religion, basic concepts, and historical aspects for revealing Divine guidance through the Qur'an to Muhammad (PBUH) with his role as Prophet to address the various aspects of human nature. As a student of psychology with experience of observing human beings and current human destruction under religious disputes, I have tried to present all of this according to set scientific standards and tools. It has been written objectively in simple English narration with sole reference to the Qur'an to create insight among laypeople, particularly the adolescents (new generation), towards peace, unity and a balanced life pattern leading to human respect and tolerance in an emerging capitalist society.
mmWave Massive MIMO: A Paradigm for 5G is the first book of its kind to hinge together related discussions on mmWave and Massive MIMO under the umbrella of 5G networks. New networking scenarios are identified, along with fundamental design requirements for mmWave Massive MIMO networks from an architectural and practical perspective. Working towards final deployment, this book updates the research community on the current mmWave Massive MIMO roadmap, taking into account the future emerging technologies emanating from 3GPP/IEEE. The book's editors draw on their vast experience in international research on the forefront of the mmWave Massive MIMO research arena and standardization. This book aims to talk openly about the topic, and will serve as a useful reference not only for postgraduates students to learn more on this evolving field, but also as inspiration for mobile communication researchers who want to make further innovative strides in the field to mark their legacy in the 5G arena. - Contains tutorials on the basics of mmWave and Massive MIMO - Identifies new 5G networking scenarios, along with design requirements from an architectural and practical perspective - Details the latest updates on the evolution of the mmWave Massive MIMO roadmap, considering future emerging technologies emanating from 3GPP/IEEE - Includes contributions from leading experts in the field in modeling and prototype design for mmWave Massive MIMO design - Presents an ideal reference that not only helps postgraduate students learn more in this evolving field, but also inspires mobile communication researchers towards further innovation
The book deals with the subject of depression and its causes and answers a number of questions that should be of interest to any and every patient regarding the health-care system and the society in general. Why has the diagnosis of depression increased over the past two decades? Are treatments offered to patients by their primary care physicians and psychiatrists justified and evidence based? Why do patients use nutritional and herbal supplements and are attracted to other complementary therapies? How do pharmaceutical companies exploit the health-care system and influence physicians to prescribe not the most effective but most expensive medicines? What is St. Johns wort, and who has been using this unassuming weed for health benefits? The effectiveness of antidepressant drugs, both typical and newer drug classes, like SSRIs and SNRIs, and their adverse effects have been presented. The author has made head-to-head comparisons of scientific studies of St. Johns wort with SSRIs, such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft, for their effectiveness, adverse effects, and potentials for drug interactions in cogent and easily understood manner. The author leaves the reader with a take-home message as he concludes this book.
Divine Will and Predestination: Theological and Philosophical Perspectives By: Dr. Shahid Babar Divine Will and Predestination sets out to discuss these topics using the notions of fate and human free will and explores the understanding of the subject developed by difference of opinions of Muslim, Christian, and Jewish theologians and the philosophers of the East and West, with research analysis based on historic perspectives—a unique approach not adopted by the authors of different literary works and books on this topic. Besides providing a critical assessment based on literature research, this book highlights the classical interpretation of the article of faith in the light of Quranic verses and prophetic traditions and concludes with describing the impact of belief in this fundamental article of faith on the life of the believers. The methodology adopted in this book is new and challenging. The religious believers of different faiths as well as non-religious people may find this subject difficult and struggle with the understanding of its concepts. This book will be able to provide a comprehensive understanding of this difficult subject to the readers.
Although Hadith science can often seem inscrutable, understanding Hadith science is crucial to understanding the foundations of Islamic theology, shariah, and Islamic thought. This book outlines the history, development, and current practice of Hadith science with special attention to Shi‘a scholarship. Introduction to Hadith covers hadith terminology, sources of hadith, chains of narration, categories of hadith, the criteria for hadith narrators, and transmission of hadith. Additionally, it includes a translation of a seminal work on Hadith studies, Dirayat al-Hadith, by the renowned sixteenth-century Shi‘a scholar al-Shahid al-Thani – the work that paved the way for the modern Shi‘a study of Hadith. For the past decade Introduction to Hadith has been designated as a textbook in Islamic studies courses worldwide. This is an essential read for anyone seeking to learn more about hadith analysis, Islamic law, Islamic history, or the Islamic scholarly heritage. Seond edition
The Last Trumpet: A discussion of end times, judgment day, the coming of Christ, the antichrist, etc. in Christianity and Islam, as well as the sources of Islamic eschatology.
The present work is a translation of al-Shahid al‑Thani’s Munyat al‑Murid fi Adab al‑Mufid wa al‑Mustafid. The original Arabic work, written in 954 AH/1547 CE, quickly established itself as a core text in theIslamic seminaries, and it has long been an important source of reference for anyone interested in Islamic education and spiritual development. Now available in English for the first time, this classic work will be a valuable addition to the core reading lists of courses on Islamic ethics and spirituality. The current edition also contains an insightful introduction consisting of a biography of the author, an overview of the body of his work, a survey of his predecessors’ views on education, a study of his ideas on education, and an examination of his methodology of education.
Conquest and Community, by prize-winning historian Shahid Amin, is a kaleidoscopic look into one of the most divisive issues in South Asian history: the Turkic conquest of the subcontinent and the subsequent spread of Muslim rule. Covering more than eight hundred years of history, the book centers around the enduringly popular saint Ghazi Miyan, the youthful and lovable soldier of Islam to whom shrines have been erected all over the country. After detailing the warrior saint s supposed exploits, Amin charts the various ways he has been remembered throughout the last millennium. As he shows, the charming stories, ballads, and proverbs that grew up around him domesticated the bloody conquest and made it appear both virtuous and familial. Amin brings the story of Ghazi Miyan s long afterlife into the contemporary period through his ethnographic analysis of the still-active shrines as sites of interreligious public piety. What is at first glance a story of just one mythical figure becomes through Amin s thoughtful treatment an allegory for the history of Hindu-Muslim relations over an astonishingly long period of time. As the Muslim conquest of India is being mobilized for dangerously polarizing political ends in India today, this nonsectarian account of religious strife will be a timely and sane contribution to the vexed historical debate.
Conquest and Community, by prize-winning historian Shahid Amin, is a kaleidoscopic look into one of the most divisive issues in South Asian history: the Turkic conquest of the subcontinent and the subsequent spread of Muslim rule. Covering more than eight hundred years of history, the book centers around the enduringly popular saint Ghazi Miyan, the youthful and lovable soldier of Islam to whom shrines have been erected all over the country. After detailing the warrior saint s supposed exploits, Amin charts the various ways he has been remembered throughout the last millennium. As he shows, the charming stories, ballads, and proverbs that grew up around him domesticated the bloody conquest and made it appear both virtuous and familial. Amin brings the story of Ghazi Miyan s long afterlife into the contemporary period through his ethnographic analysis of the still-active shrines as sites of interreligious public piety. What is at first glance a story of just one mythical figure becomes through Amin s thoughtful treatment an allegory for the history of Hindu-Muslim relations over an astonishingly long period of time. As the Muslim conquest of India is being mobilized for dangerously polarizing political ends in India today, this nonsectarian account of religious strife will be a timely and sane contribution to the vexed historical debate.
This issue of Neurosurgery Clinics, edited by Drs. Shahid Nimjee and Russell Lonser, will cover Coagulation and Hematology in Neurological Surgery. Topics include Biology of coagulation and coagulopathy; Evaluation of the coagulation in the neurosurgery patient; Genetics of hyper- and hypo-coagulable states; Anticoagulants: pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action and indications; Use of antiplatelet agents in the neurosurgical patient; Common conditions requiring long-term anti-coagulation in the neurosurgical patient; Reversal of systemic and antiplatelet anticoagulants; Intraoperative blood and factor replacement neurosurgery; Management of Intraoperative coagulopathy; Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in the neurosurgical patient; Postoperative anticoagulation after neurological surgery; Management of venous sinus thrombosis; Management of acute ischemic thrombosis; and Management of intracranial hemorrhage the anticoagulated patient.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death. Every year, many anticancer drug candidates are discovered and synthesized, but the major challenge lies in identifying, characterizing and evaluating their efficacy. The aim of this Research Topic, "New Mechanisms for Anti-Cancer Drugs" is to collect a group of publications focused on novel chemical compounds exhibiting new modes of actions and/or new target proteins to fulfill their cytotoxic activity on cancer cells. In this context, we will also be pleased to consider studies on drug repurposing, including approved, discontinued, and shelved drugs, when anti-cancer activity results from an unexpected mode of action.
Taking Gandhi's statements about civil disobedience to heart, in February 1922 residents from the villages around the north Indian market town of Chauri Chaura attacked the local police station, burned it to the ground and murdered twenty-three constables. Appalled that his teachings were turned to violent ends, Gandhi called off his Noncooperation Movement and fasted to bring the people back to nonviolence. In the meantime, the British government denied that the riot reflected Indian resistance to its rule and tried the rioters as common criminals. These events have taken on great symbolic importance among Indians, both in the immediate region and nationally. Amin examines the event itself, but also, more significantly, he explores the ways it has been remembered, interpreted, and used as a metaphor for the Indian struggle for independence. The author, who was born fifteen miles from Chauri Chaura, brings to his study an empathetic knowledge of the region and a keen ear for the nuances of the culture and language of its people. In an ingenious negotiation between written and oral evidence, he combines brilliant archival work in the judicial records of the period with field interviews with local informants. In telling this intricate story of local memory and the making of official histories, Amin probes the silences and ambivalences that contribute to a nation's narrative. He extends his boundaries well beyond Chauri Chaura itself to explore the complex relationship between peasant politics and nationalist discourse and the interplay between memory and history.
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