Since the publication of the first edition in 1999, the science of probiotics and prebiotics has matured greatly and garnered more interest. The first handbook on the market, Handbook of Probiotics and Prebiotics: Second Edition updates the data in its predecessor, and it also includes material topics not previously discussed in the first edition, including methods protocols, cell line and animal models, and coverage of prebiotics. The editors supplement their expertise by bringing in international experts to contribute chapters. This second edition brings together the information needed for the successful development of a pro- or prebiotic product from laboratory to market.
This comprehensive textbook explores the boreal forests of Northern Europe, Finland, Sweden and Norway. Students will gain an overview of the forest ecosystem and the services it provides for modern society. From the production of timber, to the supply of food products or their use as a recreational space for human wellbeing – our forests serve many needs. Accordingly, the respective chapters cover various types of ecosystem service, e.g. supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural services. The book’s main focus is on the management of boreal forests for the production of these ecosystem services. Addressing modern challenges, e.g. managing vulnerable boreal forests for adaptation to climate change, is an important aspect throughout the volume. Traditional forest management has to adapt and evolve in order to meet the increasing risk of abiotic and biotic damages to our forest biomass. Future forestry graduates will have to face more and more of these challenges; consequently, the book provides them with a wealth of scientific knowhow and possible counter-strategies. Forestry students in the Northern Hemisphere, be it in Europe, North America or Asia, will find this book an excellent reference guide. To make the content more accessible, it has been enriched with a clear structure, numerous illustrations and learning objectives.
The leading text in the field explains step by step how to write software that responds in real time From power plants to medicine to avionics, the world increasingly depends on computer systems that can compute and respond to various excitations in real time. The Fourth Edition of Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis gives software designers the knowledge and the tools needed to create real-time software using a holistic, systems-based approach. The text covers computer architecture and organization, operating systems, software engineering, programming languages, and compiler theory, all from the perspective of real-time systems design. The Fourth Edition of this renowned text brings it thoroughly up to date with the latest technological advances and applications. This fully updated edition includes coverage of the following concepts: Multidisciplinary design challenges Time-triggered architectures Architectural advancements Automatic code generation Peripheral interfacing Life-cycle processes The final chapter of the text offers an expert perspective on the future of real-time systems and their applications. The text is self-contained, enabling instructors and readers to focus on the material that is most important to their needs and interests. Suggestions for additional readings guide readers to more in-depth discussions on each individual topic. In addition, each chapter features exercises ranging from simple to challenging to help readers progressively build and fine-tune their ability to design their own real-time software programs. Now fully up to date with the latest technological advances and applications in the field, Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis remains the top choice for students and software engineers who want to design better and faster real-time systems at minimum cost.
In many places in the world, forests dominate landscapes and provide various products. Future climate change could profoundly alter the productivity of forest ecosystems and species composition. Until now, climate impact research has primarily focused on the likely impacts of rise in temperature, increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, and varying precipitation on unmanaged forests. The issue that now needs to be addressed is how to sustainably manage climate change for timber production and biomass. Though climate change is a global issue, impacts on forests depend on local environmental conditions and management methods, so this book will look at the issue under varying local contexts.
Since the publication of the first edition in 1999, the science of probiotics and prebiotics has matured greatly and garnered more interest. The first handbook on the market, Handbook of Probiotics and Prebiotics: Second Edition updates the data in its predecessor, and it also includes material topics not previously discussed in the first edition, including methods protocols, cell line and animal models, and coverage of prebiotics. The editors supplement their expertise by bringing in international experts to contribute chapters. This second edition brings together the information needed for the successful development of a pro- or prebiotic product from laboratory to market.
Food Additive Intake Assessment, S. Salminen and R. Tahvonen Risks and Benefits of Food Additives, S.S. Sumner and J.D. Eifert Food Additives and Hypersensitivity, M. Hannuksela and T. Haahtela The Role of Food Additives and Chemicals in Behavioral, Learning, Activity, and Sleep Problems in Children, J. Breakey, C. Reilly, and H. Connell Consumer Attitudes Toward Food Additives, C.M. Bruhn Food Additives in the European Union, R. Verbruggen Regulation of Food Additives in the United States, P. Barton Hutt Nutritional Additives, M.A. Swanson and P. Evenson Essential Fatty Acids as Food Additives, D.J. Kyle Fat Substitutes and Replacers, S.M. Mahungu, S.L. Hansen, and W.E. Artz Food Additives for Special Dietary Purposes, J.M.V. Grigor, W.S. Johnson, and S. Salminen Flavoring Agents, G.S. Sinki and R.J. Gordon Flavor Enhancers, Y.-h. Sugita Sweeteners, S. Salminen and A. Hallikainen Synthetic Food Colorants, J.H. Thorngate, III Natural Color Additives, Y.-K. Lee and H.-P. Khng Antioxidants, J.B. German Antibrowning Agents, G.M. Sapers, K.B. Hicks, and R.L. Miller Antimicrobial Agents, P.M. Davidson, V.K. Juneja, and J.K. Branen pH Control Agents and Acidulants, S. Doores Enzymes, A. Kilara and M. Desai Emulsifiers, S.M. Mahungu and W.E. Artz Commercial Starches and Their Potential in Foods, T.E. Luallen Food Phosphates, L.E. Lampila and J.P. Godber Appendix 1: Functional Classes, Definitions, and Technological Functions Appendix 2: Numbering System for Food Additives Appendix 3: List of Modified Starches Index.
Straightforward, sensible guide to avoiding or minimizing the intake of toxic chemicals. Includes sections on chemicals in the home, in food, and in the air and soil.
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